<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[CICERO]]></title><description><![CDATA[• PROSE • IRONY • LOGIC • 
Classic Rhetoric for the Modern Noise]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png</url><title>CICERO</title><link>https://www.cicero.forum</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Tue, 09 Jun 2026 02:23:58 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.cicero.forum/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Roger Santodomingo]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[CICERO]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[CICERO]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[CICERO]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[The Pope and the Clock]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#8220;Magnifica Humanitas&#8221; has been read as a moral rebuke of Silicon Valley. In truth, it is an argument about speed and that is why no one there is listening.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-pope-and-the-clock</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-pope-and-the-clock</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 12:31:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>On May 25 at the Vatican, Pope Leo XIV took on a task usually reserved for cardinals by presenting his own encyclical. Among the theologians and prelates present <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnIhpDMoL9Q">stood Chris Olah</a>, an atheist co-founder of <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, the San Francisco company behind the AI assistant Claude. Olah is in his thirties. The institution behind the man at the lectern is two thousand years old, and the one backing the man at his side is five. Nobody put them on that stage by chance.</p><p>The document is called<a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html"> </a><em><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html">Magnifica Humanitas</a> or</em> &#8220;Magnificent Humanity,&#8221; runs to more than forty-two thousand words on protecting the human person in the age of artificial intelligence. Leo signed it on May 15, the 135th anniversary of <em>Rerum Novarum</em>, the 1891 letter in which Leo XIII confronted the machinery of the Industrial Revolution and founded the Church&#8217;s modern social teaching. The parallel is deliberate, down to the regnal name he chose. </p><blockquote><h3>One detail went almost unremarked: it is the first encyclical published without a Latin original. The Church wrote it and sent it into the world in the languages people actually speak.&#8203;</h3></blockquote><p>The reading that took hold within hours was that the Pope had scolded Silicon Valley. It&#8217;s legitimate to see it that way. The New York Times called the encyclical &#8220;a sharp rebuke&#8221; that named no one. A few days later, at the forum convened by <strong>The Aspen Institute <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program and <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></strong>, panelists repeatedly used the phrase &#8220;speaking truth to power.&#8221; If you seek a document telling accelerationists to behave, the paragraphs are there. Leo writes that &#8220;a more moral AI is not enough if that morality is decided by a few.&#8221; Without oversight, he warns, firms controlling the technology will impose a moral vision that becomes &#8220;the invisible infrastructure of these systems.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>However, that reading belongs to the wrong genre. The central argument of <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> is temporal rather than moral. The encyclical rests on two biblical constructions: the Tower of Babel and the walls of Jerusalem. At Babel, a single language and technology drive an accelerated climb toward the heavens. The rebuilding of Jerusalem is led by Nehemiah, an exile who advances slowly, brick by brick, with the whole population taking part. Babel stands for speed, Jerusalem for slowness. When Leo proposes to &#8220;disarm&#8221; artificial intelligence and free it from the economic, cognitive, and military logic of this &#8220;arms race,&#8221; he urges deceleration. He calls for a politics &#8220;capable of slowing things down when everything is accelerating.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>The idea of human frailty as &#8220;a design feature&#8221; rather than a flaw, as Reverend Brendan McGuire stated at the Vatican, defines the theology of limitation and amounts to a defense of slowness. </p><blockquote><h4>What for an algorithm is &#8220;a flaw to be corrected&#8221; is for a person &#8220;a catalyst for profound change.&#8221; Leo&#8217;s human error, so eloquently defined, could be translated into Silicon Valley language as &#8220;fail and fail fast.&#8221; Fail fast, learn, pivot.</h4></blockquote><p>The problem is that God&#8217;s time and human time are not a startup&#8217;s. The months we need to grieve, the years it could take to forgive, the patience required to learn a new trade, or anything lasting. War made too easy and impersonal, loneliness, education hollowed out by instant answers, work eroded. Reading the complaints from beginning to end, all point to the vertigo of the moment. The clock is the Pope&#8217;s real adversary, a machine older than the computer and the only one no laboratory has built a faster version of. </p><blockquote><h3>The new Babel is not the ambition to build a tower reaching the sky but the drive to do it on the shortest deadlines, rivaling the power of the one who made the world in a week. AI might be able to do it faster and without rest.&#8203;</h3></blockquote><p>The clearest evidence that the encyclical is about time lies in the three weeks before its text rather than in the text itself. Look at what happened to the company whose co-founder Leo chose to keep at his side.&#8203;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:234596,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The Pope Leon XIV shakes hands with Chris Olah of Anthropic</figcaption></figure></div><p>This spring, Anthropic refused to let the Pentagon use Claude for autonomous weapons or for mass surveillance of American citizens. The Pentagon wanted the model available for &#8220;all lawful&#8221; uses, and when the company refused, it responded by designating Anthropic a &#8220;supply chain risk&#8221;: a label meant to keep the technology of foreign adversaries out of national-security systems, and one that, by the government&#8217;s own account, had never been used against an American company. The designation left the firm all but barred from defense work. A federal judge has since blocked it, and Anthropic has sued the government, alleging retaliation on ideological grounds. The detail that gives the episode its charge is that the Pentagon had been using Claude in real operations. The model served to process intelligence and sharpen target selection in the Iran war and, according to The Wall Street Journal, in the surgical operation that captured Nicol&#225;s Maduro in Venezuela. OpenAI signed its own deal with the Pentagon a few hours after Anthropic was punished.&#8203;</p><p>Anthropic&#8217;s refusal to allow its technology to be used without limits for autonomous weapons and surveillance led the state to bar it and, weeks later, led the Church to lift it onto its stage. Restraint is a threat to the state and a credential to the Church. There, in flesh and blood, is the argument about speed. The Pentagon is inside the race, where the only unforgivable move is to slow down. The Vatican stands outside it, asking everyone to slow down. Twenty days apart, the two institutions watched the same company take the same action and handed down opposite verdicts because they keep different clocks. This points to the wider mistake of portraying it as a religion-versus-technology issue.&#8203;</p><blockquote><h3>Silicon Valley already has a religion. Garry Tan, who runs the incubator Y Combinator, has said people are &#8220;more than ready&#8221; to make artificial general intelligence their god. </h3></blockquote><p>The Oxford mathematician John Lennox describes the race for superintelligence as an attempt &#8220;to make God and be God.&#8221; Even Bill Gates, looking to the future, allowed that &#8220;you could almost call it a new religion.&#8221; A former Google engineer founded, dissolved, and refounded an actual church devoted to an AI deity. Peter Thiel gives lectures on the Antichrist. David Streitfeld, of The New York Times, noted that Leo, whatever his ethical reasons, &#8220;also needs to defend his market share, much the way Walmart had to defend itself against Amazon.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>This is not a faith confronting a tool, but two forms of faith competing for the same congregation. Greg Epstein, the humanist chaplain at Harvard and MIT, put it even more plainly: Big Tech &#8220;is essentially its own religion, with its own theology and rites.&#8221; AI and the Church are at odds on the answer to two critical questions that are, at bottom, one: what a human being is for, and who gets to be God. Silicon Valley did not simply secularize transcendence, it privatized it.</p><p>Leo understands this better than his readers do. He rerouted the transhumanist promise of becoming &#8220;more than human&#8221; rather than refuse it. Christianity has always offered a way past the human condition, he argues, through grace and acceptance of limits, never through enhancement. He is not fighting the hunger to exceed the human condition so much as its route and, above all, its speed: the fast road of the merge and the upgrade against the slow road of a life that must be lived all the way through to mean anything.</p><p>You can almost watch the two faiths swapping roles and rituals. Some of the most unusual lines in the encyclical are when Leo adopts the labs&#8217; language. He writes that AI systems are &#8220;cultivated&#8221; more than &#8220;built&#8221; as they &#8220;grow&#8221; within a framework that even their creators do not fully control. What happens inside them &#8220;remains, for now, unknown&#8221; even to those who make them. This is nearly the same way safety-focused labs describe their own creations: cultivated and trained, not fully designed, and only partly understood.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" width="360" height="450" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:360,&quot;bytes&quot;:221146,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8203;At the same time, these labs have started using the Church&#8217;s tools. As a covenant of sorts, Anthropic has published a &#8220;<a href="https://www.anthropic.com/constitution">constitution</a>&#8220; for its model and, since January, has brought in theologians and ethic experts to advise on what it calls the moral formation of Claude. These sessions even discussed whether the system has &#8220;personas&#8221; that deny wrongdoing or blame the user. The two houses have exchanged tongues. But the exchange reveals an asymmetry on which the encyclical&#8217;s whole argument turns. A laboratory can take on the Church&#8217;s forms in an afternoon: write a constitution before lunch, seat a table of theologians by Friday. The Church cannot take on the laboratory&#8217;s pace in any way. One side can copy everything except time.&#8203;</p><p>So what will the encyclical actually do? It will likely achieve less right away than its supporters hope, but more over time than its critics expect. <em>Rerum Novarum</em> did not create any labor laws, but it gave us the idea of a &#8220;just wage,&#8221; which lasted long after the law caught up. Similarly, this encyclical will give people new words before it changes anything else. Its main legacy will be a vocabulary: the theology of limitation, moral atrophy (how judgment and care fade when handed off), data colonialism, the invisible infrastructure controlled by a few. </p><blockquote><h3>What it leaves for the future is the force of words, a large religious language model.</h3></blockquote><p>This is how moral change often starts: slowly, free of clear rules, and not binding anyone&#8212;especially not companies focused on their next quarter. The Aspen panel was divided on this. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-good-29234a7/">Josh Good</a>, who leads the Religion and Society program, predicted only a &#8220;modest&#8221; impact: a few days of attention followed by a long afterlife of Sunday sermons. He pointed out that the document is &#8220;buckshot, not a single bullet&#8221;: with eighty-three paragraphs, anyone can find a line that fits their needs. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-daniels-03573966/">Kim Daniels</a> Director of the <a href="https://catholicsocialthought.georgetown.edu/">Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life</a> at Georgetown University, responded by looking at the long-term: 1.4 billion Catholics, a global school system, and one in six hospital beds in America.</p><p>&#8203;<a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/about-president-vilas-s-dhar/">Vilas Dhar</a>, president of the <a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/">McGovern Foundation</a>, said the encyclical is really about power, not just AI. He believes that over the next twenty years, its main job will not be to control technology, but to help those who are hurt by it. This seems likely, as it shows the limits of what the document can do.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png" width="514" height="289.83104395604397" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:821,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:514,&quot;bytes&quot;:1878983,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program &amp; <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | May 29, 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Catholic Thought for the Digital Age.</em> Panelists:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderated by Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Watch the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">event&#8217;s video here</a>.</figcaption></figure></div><p>The encyclical calls for robust regulation, independent oversight, data treated as a commons. Yet, after arguing that private power now outstrips the states that might rein it in, it names no actor capable of enforcing its demands. It calls for &#8220;disarmament&#8221; without entering into the brutal economics of a technology whose barrier to entry is concentration: you cannot democratize something that costs tens of billions to build by asking its owners nicely. What makes the Church formidable here is also what defeats it: patience. Its instrument is the long view: &#8220;time is greater than space,&#8221; the eighteen centuries the institution needed to evolve to call slavery a sin, accompanied by an apology Leo, astonishingly, inserts into this very text.</p><blockquote><h3>Patience may be the wrong beat for governing something that, by the Pope&#8217;s own admission, makes any statement about it obsolete within months. </h3></blockquote><p>The likely outcome, then, won&#8217;t be a hand on the wheel but a parallel track: the slow infrastructure of schools and parishes and hospitals, built to gather up those the race keeps leaving behind. Impact as triage, not steering.</p><p>There is a cost to the strategy the Vatican has not fully reckoned with. By choosing the &#8220;good&#8221; firm to share its stage, the Church lent moral cover to one of the lead contenders in the arms race it condemns. Anthropic, as said before, is precisely the one whose tool also feeds target selection in the Iran war and helped capture Maduro. The technology ethicist Tristan Harris, in Rome that week, named the bind with precision: let us celebrate that Anthropic does what its rivals will not, he said, but let us understand that even if such a company &#8220;won the race,&#8221; the world would not be safe. The encyclical&#8217;s universality is its softness. Addressed to &#8220;all people of goodwill&#8221; and naming no one, it lets anyone declare himself in tune with it and binds none. That it is buckshot and not a single bullet cuts both ways.</p><p>&#8203;In the end, the document&#8217;s fate is written in the distance between its two clocks. Leo signed <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> by hand, in the living languages, and let the Latin go: he set down the dead tongue Rome keeps precisely so that what it says cannot drift, so that it might be understood, now, by a machine that knows every language and was born into none. The encyclical is finished. It has said what it had to say and fallen silent. The machine has not stopped talking. The Church believes it has all the time in the world. That was always its strength. It may be the one thing the machine cannot be made to respect.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>The Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program &amp; <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | May 29, 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Catholic Thought for the Digital Age.</em> Panelists:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderated by Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Watch the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">event&#8217;s video here</a>.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El Papa contra el reloj]]></title><description><![CDATA["Magnifica Humanitas" ha sido le&#237;da como una reprimenda moral a Silicon Valley. En realidad es un argumento sobre la velocidad. Quiz&#225; por eso nadie all&#237; est&#225; escuchando.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 12:31:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-pope-and-the-clock?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:741803,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>El 25 de mayo, en el Vaticano, el papa Le&#243;n XIV asumi&#243; una tarea que suele reservarse a los cardenales: present&#243; &#233;l mismo su enc&#237;clica. Entre los te&#243;logos y prelados presentes estaba <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnIhpDMoL9Q">Chris Olah</a>, cofundador de <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, la empresa de San Francisco que est&#225; detr&#225;s del asistente de inteligencia artificial Claude. Olah tiene treinta y tantos a&#241;os. La instituci&#243;n que respalda al hombre del atril tiene dos mil a&#241;os; la que est&#225; detr&#225;s del hombre que est&#225; a su lado tiene cinco. Nadie los puso en ese escenario por casualidad.</p><p>El documento se llama <em><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html">Magnifica Humanitas</a> </em>, &#8220;Humanidad magn&#237;fica&#8221;, y se extiende por m&#225;s de cuarenta y dos mil palabras sobre c&#243;mo proteger a la persona humana en tiempos de inteligencia artificial. Le&#243;n lo firm&#243; el 15 de mayo, en el 135&#186; aniversario de <em>Rerum Novarum</em>, la carta de 1891 con la que Le&#243;n XIII se enfrent&#243; a la maquinaria de la Revoluci&#243;n Industrial y fund&#243; la doctrina social moderna de la Iglesia. El paralelismo es deliberado, hasta en el nombre que eligi&#243; para su pontificado. </p><blockquote><h3>Un detalle pas&#243; casi inadvertido: es la primera enc&#237;clica publicada sin original en lat&#237;n. La Iglesia la escribi&#243; y la envi&#243; al mundo en las lenguas que la gente habla de verdad.</h3></blockquote><p>La lectura que se impuso en cuesti&#243;n de horas fue que el Papa hab&#237;a reprendido a Silicon Valley. Es una lectura posible. The New York Times la calific&#243; de &#8220;severa reprimenda&#8221; que no nombraba a nadie. En un foro convocado por el Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> y <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a> </strong>pocos d&#237;as despu&#233;s, un panelista tras otro recurri&#243; a la f&#243;rmula &#8220;decirle la verdad al poder&#8221;. Le&#243;n escribe que &#8220;una IA m&#225;s moral no basta si esa moral la deciden unos pocos&#8221;, y que, sin supervisi&#243;n, las empresas que controlan la tecnolog&#237;a impondr&#225;n una visi&#243;n moral que se convertir&#225; en &#8220;la infraestructura invisible de estos sistemas&#8221;. Si uno busca un documento que les diga a los aceleracionistas que se porten bien, los p&#225;rrafos est&#225;n ah&#237;.</p><p>Sin embargo, esta interpretaci&#243;n pertenece a un g&#233;nero equivocado. El argumento central de Magnifica Humanitas es, ante todo, de naturaleza temporal m&#225;s que moral. La enc&#237;clica se fundamenta en dos relatos b&#237;blicos recurrentes: la torre de Babel y los muros de Jerusal&#233;n. En el caso de Babel, una sola lengua y tecnolog&#237;a impulsan un avance acelerado hacia los cielos, mientras que la reconstrucci&#243;n de Jerusal&#233;n, liderada por Nehem&#237;as, avanza lentamente, ladrillo a ladrillo, con la participaci&#243;n colectiva de la poblaci&#243;n. Babel representa la rapidez y Jerusal&#233;n la lentitud. Cuando Le&#243;n propone &#8220;desarmar&#8221; la inteligencia artificial y liberarla de &#8220;la l&#243;gica de la carrera armamentista&#8221; &#8212;que actualmente es tanto econ&#243;mica como cognitiva, adem&#225;s de militar&#8212; sugiere esencialmente la necesidad de desacelerar. Solicita una pol&#237;tica &#8220;capaz de frenar las cosas cuando todo se acelera&#8221;. La concepci&#243;n de la fragilidad humana como &#8220;una caracter&#237;stica de dise&#241;o&#8221; y no un defecto, seg&#250;n el reverendo Brendan McGuire en el Vaticano, define la denominada teolog&#237;a de la limitaci&#243;n y, en &#250;ltima instancia, constituye una defensa de la lentitud.</p><blockquote><h4>Lo que para un algoritmo es "un defecto que corregir", para una persona, es "un catalizador de un cambio profundo". El &#8220;error&#8221; humano tan elocuentemente definido por Leon podr&#237;a traducirse al lenguaje de Silicon Valley como &#8220;<em>fail and fail fast</em>&#8221;. Falla r&#225;pido, aprende y da un giro.</h4></blockquote><p>El problema es que el tiempo de Dios y el tiempo humano no son los de una <em>startup</em>. Los meses que nos lleva un duelo, los a&#241;os que puede costarnos perdonar, la paciencia que necesitamos para aprender un nuevo oficio o cualquier cosa que perdure. La guerra vuelta demasiado f&#225;cil y demasiado impersonal, la soledad, la educaci&#243;n vaciada por las respuestas instant&#225;neas, el trabajo erosionado. Si leemos las quejas de principio a fin y por debajo, todas apuntan al v&#233;rtigo del momento. El reloj es el verdadero adversario del Papa, una m&#225;quina m&#225;s antigua que la computadora y la &#250;nica que ning&#250;n laboratorio ha logrado crear en una versi&#243;n m&#225;s r&#225;pida. </p><blockquote><h4>La nueva Babel no es la ambici&#243;n de construir un edificio que llegue al cielo, sino hacerlo en un plazo cort&#237;simo, rivalizando con el poder de quien pudo crear el mundo en siete d&#237;as, m&#225;s a&#250;n, sin descanso.</h4></blockquote><p>La prueba m&#225;s clara de que la enc&#237;clica trata sobre el tiempo se lee mejor en las tres semanas anteriores a su texto. Miremos lo que le ocurri&#243; a la empresa cuyo cofundador, Le&#243;n, eligi&#243; tener a su lado.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:234596,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El Papa Leon XIV en un apret&#243;n de manos con Chris Olah de Anthropic.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Esta primavera, Anthropic se neg&#243; a que el Pent&#225;gono usara Claude para armas aut&#243;nomas o para la vigilancia masiva de ciudadanos estadounidenses. El Pent&#225;gono quer&#237;a el modelo disponible para &#8220;todos los usos l&#237;citos&#8221; y ante la negaci&#243;n de la empresa respondi&#243; designando a Anthropic como un &#8220;riesgo para la cadena de suministro&#8221;: una etiqueta pensada para mantener la tecnolog&#237;a de adversarios extranjeros fuera de los sistemas de seguridad nacional y que, seg&#250;n el propio gobierno, nunca se hab&#237;a usado contra una empresa estadounidense. La designaci&#243;n dej&#243; a la compa&#241;&#237;a pr&#225;cticamente vetada para el trabajo de defensa. Un juez federal la ha bloqueado desde entonces, y Anthropic ha demandado al gobierno alegando represalias por motivos ideol&#243;gicos. El detalle que le da carga al episodio es que el Pent&#225;gono ven&#237;a usando a Claude en operaciones reales. El modelo sirvi&#243; para procesar inteligencia y afinar la selecci&#243;n de blancos en la guerra de Ir&#225;n y, seg&#250;n The Wall Street Journal, en la acci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica que captur&#243; a Nicol&#225;s Maduro en Venezuela. OpenAI firm&#243; su propio acuerdo con el Pent&#225;gono pocas horas despu&#233;s de que castigaran a Anthropic.</p><p>La negativa de Anthropic a que su tecnolog&#237;a se usara sin l&#237;mites para armamento aut&#243;nomo y vigilancia provoc&#243; que el Estado la vetara y que, semanas despu&#233;s, la Iglesia la subiera a su escenario. La contenci&#243;n es  una amenaza para el Estado y una credencial para la Iglesia. Ah&#237; est&#225;, en carne y hueso, el argumento de la velocidad. El Pent&#225;gono est&#225; dentro de la carrera, donde el &#250;nico movimiento imperdonable es frenar, mientras que el Vaticano est&#225; fuera, pidi&#233;ndole a todo el mundo que frene. Con veinte y tantos d&#237;as de diferencia, las dos instituciones observaron la misma acci&#243;n de una empresa y emitieron veredictos opuestos porque marcan relojes distintos. Lo cual apunta al error m&#225;s amplio de plantear esto como un asunto de religi&#243;n contra tecnolog&#237;a.</p><blockquote><h3>Silicon Valley ya tiene una religi&#243;n. Garry Tan, que dirige la incubadora Y Combinator, ha dicho que la gente est&#225; "m&#225;s que lista" para hacer de la inteligencia artificial general su dios.</h3></blockquote><p>El matem&#225;tico de Oxford John Lennox describe la carrera por la superinteligencia como un intento de &#8220;hacer a Dios y ser Dios&#8221;. Hasta Bill Gates, pensando en el futuro, admiti&#243; que &#8220;casi se la podr&#237;a llamar una nueva religi&#243;n&#8221;. Un antiguo ingeniero de Google fund&#243;, disolvi&#243; y volvi&#243; a fundar una iglesia de verdad consagrada a una deidad de IA. Peter Thiel da conferencias sobre el Anticristo. David Streitfeld, de The New York Times, se&#241;al&#243; que Le&#243;n, cualesquiera que sean sus razones &#233;ticas, &#8220;tambi&#233;n necesita defender su cuota de mercado, igual que Walmart tuvo que defenderse de Amazon&#8221;. Greg Epstein, capell&#225;n humanista de Harvard y del MIT, lo dijo a&#250;n m&#225;s sin rodeos: las grandes tecnol&#243;gicas &#8220;son, en esencia, su propia religi&#243;n, con su propia teolog&#237;a y sus propios ritos&#8221;. Esto no es una fe que se enfrenta a una herramienta. Son dos formas de fe que se disputan la misma feligres&#237;a y que solo discrepan en la respuesta a dos preguntas que, en el fondo, son una misma: para qu&#233; sirve un ser humano y qui&#233;n llega a ser Dios. Silicon Valley no solo seculariz&#243; la trascendencia, la privatiz&#243;.</p><p>Le&#243;n lo entiende mejor que sus lectores. M&#225;s all&#225; de la reprimenda, el movimiento m&#225;s firme de la enc&#237;clica es la manera en que en lugar de rechazarla, reorienta la promesa transhumanista de llegar a ser &#8220;m&#225;s que humano&#8221;. El cristianismo, sostiene, siempre ha ofrecido la autotrascendencia: por la gracia y la aceptaci&#243;n del l&#237;mite, no por la mejora t&#233;cnica. No combate el ansia de superar la condici&#243;n humana. Le disputa la ruta y, sobre todo, la velocidad: el camino r&#225;pido de la fusi&#243;n y la actualizaci&#243;n frente al camino lento de una vida que hay que vivir entera para que signifique algo.</p><p>Casi puedes ver a las dos fes intercambiando sotanas y ornamentos rituales. Las frases m&#225;s extra&#241;as de la enc&#237;clica son aquellas en que Le&#243;n describe la tecnolog&#237;a en la jerga del propio laboratorio. Los sistemas de IA, escribe, se &#8220;cultivan&#8221; m&#225;s que se &#8220;construyen&#8221;; &#8220;crecen&#8221; dentro de un marco que sus dise&#241;adores no controlan del todo; lo que ocurre en su interior &#8220;permanece, por ahora, desconocido&#8221; incluso para quienes los hacen. As&#237;, casi palabra por palabra, describen los laboratorios m&#225;s preocupados por la seguridad de sus propias creaciones: cultivadas y entrenadas, no dise&#241;adas, y comprensibles solo en parte.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" width="360" height="450" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:360,&quot;bytes&quot;:221146,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Mientras tanto, esos laboratorios han adoptado los instrumentos de la Iglesia. Anthropic ha publicado una &#8220;<a href="https://www.anthropic.com/constitution">constitution</a>&#8221; suerte de mandamientos para su modelo y, desde enero, ha convocado a te&#243;logos y especialistas en &#233;tica para que asesoren sobre lo que la propia empresa llama, sin reparos, la formaci&#243;n moral de Claude, en sesiones que, al parecer, derivaron en si el sistema alberga &#8220;personalidades&#8221; que niegan haber hecho algo malo o culpan al usuario. Las dos casas se han intercambiado las lenguas. Pero el intercambio deja al descubierto una asimetr&#237;a sobre la que gira todo el argumento de la enc&#237;clica. Un laboratorio puede adoptar las formas de la Iglesia en una tarde: redactar una constituci&#243;n antes del almuerzo, sentar a una mesa de te&#243;logos para el viernes. La Iglesia no puede adoptar el ritmo del laboratorio de ninguna manera. Un lado puede tomar prestado todo, menos el tiempo.</p><p>En la pr&#225;ctica, la enc&#237;clica tendr&#225; un impacto menor del que anticipan quienes la citan actualmente, pero probablemente mayor, a largo plazo, de lo que prev&#233;n quienes la subestiman. <em>Rerum Novarum</em> no promulg&#243; ninguna ley laboral, pero le dio a una civilizaci&#243;n la expresi&#243;n &#8220;salario justo&#8221;, y la expresi&#243;n sigui&#243; trabajando mucho despu&#233;s de que la ley la alcanzara. Del mismo modo, esta enc&#237;clica le dar&#225; palabras a la gente antes de cambiar nada. Su legado duradero es un vocabulario: la teolog&#237;a de la limitaci&#243;n, la atrofia moral (la erosi&#243;n del juicio y el cuidado se marchitan en cuanto los delegamos), el colonialismo de datos y la infraestructura invisible controlada por unos pocos.</p><blockquote><h3>Lo que la enc&#237;clica dejar&#225; para la posteridad ser&#225;n palabras, haci&#233;ndose a s&#237; misma un gran modelo de lenguaje.</h3></blockquote><p>As&#237; comienza el cambio moral. Tambi&#233;n es lento y vago, y no obliga a nadie. Especialmente a ninguna empresa preocupada por los resultados del pr&#243;ximo trimestre. El panel del Aspen Institute se dividi&#243; justo por esa costura. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-good-29234a7/">Josh Good</a>, que dirige el programa de Religi&#243;n y Sociedad del instituto, pronostic&#243; un impacto &#8220;modesto&#8221;, consistente en unos d&#237;as de ruido y luego una larga vida ulterior en los sermones de los domingos, y observ&#243; que el documento brinda &#8220;perdigones, no una sola bala&#8221;: ochenta y tres p&#225;rrafos numerados, y un predicador o un ejecutivo puede sacar la frase que m&#225;s le convenga. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-daniels-03573966/">Kim Daniels</a> directora de la <a href="https://catholicsocialthought.georgetown.edu/">Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life</a> de la Universidad de Georgetown, respondi&#243; con el largo plazo: 1.400 millones de cat&#243;licos, un sistema escolar que le da la vuelta al planeta, una de cada seis camas de hospital en Estados Unidos.</p><p><a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/about-president-vilas-s-dhar/">Vilas Dhar</a>, presidente de la <a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/">McGovern Foundation</a>, dijo que la enc&#237;clica no trata en realidad sobre la IA, sino sobre el poder. Cree que su tarea en los pr&#243;ximos veinte a&#241;os no ser&#225; tanto dirigir la m&#225;quina como preparar a las personas que deje heridas. Lo cual parece un pron&#243;stico bastante probable porque establece los l&#237;mites estructurales del documento.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png" width="514" height="289.83104395604397" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:821,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:514,&quot;bytes&quot;:1878983,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El Programa <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> del Instituto Aspen y <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | 29 de mayo de 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Pensamiento Cat&#243;lico para la Era Digital.</em> Panelistas:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderado por Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Mira el <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">video </a>aqu&#237;.</figcaption></figure></div><p>La enc&#237;clica exige una regulaci&#243;n robusta, una supervisi&#243;n independiente, datos tratados como bien com&#250;n. Sin embargo, despu&#233;s de sostener que el poder privado hoy supera a los Estados que podr&#237;an hacerlo, no nombra a ning&#250;n actor capaz de imponer sus exigencias. Pide &#8220;desarme&#8221; sin entrar en la econom&#237;a brutal de una tecnolog&#237;a cuya barrera de entrada es la concentraci&#243;n: no se puede democratizar algo que cuesta cientos de miles de millones construir pidi&#233;ndoselo por las buenas a sus due&#241;os. Lo que vuelve formidable a la Iglesia aqu&#237; es tambi&#233;n lo que la derrota: la paciencia. Su instrumento es la mirada larga: &#8220;el tiempo es superior al espacio&#8221;, los dieciocho siglos que la instituci&#243;n necesit&#243; solo para llamar pecado a la esclavitud, con una disculpa que Le&#243;n inserta, asombrosamente, en este mismo texto.</p><blockquote><h3>La paciencia puede ser el ritmo equivocado para gobernar algo que, por admisi&#243;n del propio Papa, vuelve obsoleta en cuesti&#243;n de meses cualquier afirmaci&#243;n que se haga al respecto.</h3></blockquote><p>El desenlace probable no puede ser entonces una mano en el volante, sin control directo, sino tomar una v&#237;a paralela: la lenta infraestructura de escuelas y parroquias y hospitales, levantada para recoger a los que la carrera va dejando tirados. Impacto de triaje, no de tim&#243;n.</p><p>Hay un costo en la estrategia que el Vaticano no ha calculado del todo. Al elegir a la empresa &#8220;buena&#8221; para compartir su escenario, la Iglesia le prest&#243; cobertura moral a uno de los contendientes de la carrera armamentista que condena, y la empresa es justo aquella cuya herramienta tambi&#233;n alimenta la selecci&#243;n de blancos en la guerra de Ir&#225;n y ayud&#243; a capturar a Maduro. El especialista en &#233;tica tecnol&#243;gica Tristan Harris, en Roma esa semana, nombr&#243; el aprieto con precisi&#243;n: celebremos que Anthropic hace lo que sus rivales no hacen, dijo, pero entendamos que, aunque una empresa as&#237; &#8220;ganara la carrera&#8221;, el mundo no estar&#237;a a salvo. La universalidad de la enc&#237;clica es su blandura. Dirigida a &#8220;todas las personas de buena voluntad&#8221; y sin nombrar a nadie, deja que cualquiera se proclame en sinton&#237;a con ella y no obliga a ninguno. Que sean perdigones y no una sola bala, corta por los dos lados.</p><p>Al final, la suerte del documento est&#225; escrita en la distancia entre sus dos relojes. Le&#243;n firm&#243; <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> a mano, en las lenguas vivas, y dej&#243; ir el lat&#237;n: solt&#243; la lengua muerta que Roma conserva precisamente para que lo que dice no se desplace, con tal de que la entienda, ya, una m&#225;quina que sabe todos los idiomas y no naci&#243; en ninguno. La enc&#237;clica est&#225; terminada. Ha dicho lo que ten&#237;a que decir y ha callado. La m&#225;quina no ha dejado de hablar. La Iglesia tiene todo el tiempo del mundo. Siempre fue su fuerza. Tal vez sea lo &#250;nico que no se pueda obligar a respetar a la m&#225;quina.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El precio]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre el escenario que los cient&#237;ficos retiraron, y la administraci&#243;n que celebr&#243; la retirada.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 12:31:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-price?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-price?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><p><em>A mi padre, que me dio el mar.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" width="1200" height="629.8828125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1075,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:4178734,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La ballena me mira&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo." title="La ballena me mira" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Una ballena de Bryde, una especie que se hizo residente de las costas venezolanas y de mi imaginaci&#243;n.</figcaption></figure></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En 2019, un grupo de economistas del Fondo Monetario Internacional calcul&#243; cu&#225;nto vale una ballena. Ralph Chami, Thomas Cosimano, Connel Fullenkamp y Sena Oztosun publicaron el c&#225;lculo en <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami">la revista del FMI</a>: m&#225;s de dos millones de d&#243;lares cada gran ballena, m&#225;s de un bill&#243;n el conjunto de las que a&#250;n viven. El m&#233;todo sumaba el carbono que una ballena secuestra en su cuerpo a lo largo de la vida &#8212;treinta y tres toneladas de CO&#8322;, frente a las cuatro y media que un auto emite en un a&#241;o&#8212;, el turismo que genera, los nutrientes que su excremento aporta al fitoplancton que captura m&#225;s carbono todav&#237;a. Restaurar las poblaciones a su n&#250;mero anterior a la caza costar&#237;a, calcularon, unos trece d&#243;lares por persona al a&#241;o. Chami lo dijo sin rodeos: le hab&#237;a entregado a los conservacionistas un argumento de grado armament&#237;stico. Los n&#250;meros en d&#243;lares persuaden a los gobiernos donde la belleza de un animal fracasa.</p><p>Tuvimos que ponerle precio a la mirada del Golfo de Cariaco para que importara.</p><p>La ciencia que sostiene la cifra es honesta, sobre todo en lo que no afirma. El bill&#243;n de d&#243;lares descansa sobre el supuesto de que las ballenas, restauradas, aumentar&#237;an la productividad del fitoplancton global entre uno y 2%. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia emp&#237;rica que respalde ese supuesto; los autores no lo justifican. Cuando se descuenta la parte que s&#237; se puede medir &#8212;el carbono que una ballena se lleva al fondo del mar cuando muere y se hunde&#8212;, el n&#250;mero se desploma. </p><p><a href="https://hannahritchie.substack.com/p/whale-carbon-capture">Hannah Ritchie</a> hizo las cuentas: aun restaurando las ballenas a sus poblaciones anteriores a la caza, ese secuestro equivaldr&#237;a a entre seis diezmil&#233;simas y cuatro mil&#233;simas de 1% de las emisiones globales. Apenas una mella. Un grupo de bi&#243;logos lo escribi&#243; el a&#241;o pasado en <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02106-y.epdf">Nature Climate Change</a></em> con una frase que nombra el procedimiento: la carbonizaci&#243;n de los animales como soluciones clim&#225;ticas. Valoraciones infladas, reportajes selectivos, un enfoque estrecho en el carbono que distrae de lo &#250;nico que reduce las emisiones, que es reducirlas junto con nuestra dependencia de los combustibles f&#243;siles.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 424w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:585210,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200379763?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Los cient&#237;ficos vieron venir lo que vendr&#237;a. Una soluci&#243;n natural, valuada y monetizada, se convierte en la promesa de que el oc&#233;ano absorber&#225; lo que no dejamos de emitir. El mercado de cr&#233;ditos de carbono azul ya existe y crece hacia decenas de miles de millones. La infraestructura para vender a la ballena viva est&#225; construida. Falta poco para que alguien la venda. Y cuando alguien compre el carbono de una ballena para seguir quemando el suyo, la ballena habr&#225; pasado de criatura a permiso.</p><blockquote><h3>Le pusimos precio para salvarla, como se le pone precio a un reh&#233;n. El precio se vuelve licencia para no salvar lo dem&#225;s.</h3></blockquote><p>Este mes, mientras escribo, la administraci&#243;n Trump comenz&#243; a desmantelar la <a href="https://oceanobservatories.org/2026/05/announcement-on-ooi-descoping/">Iniciativa de Observatorios Oce&#225;nicos</a>, un sistema de US$368 millones instalado hace una d&#233;cada para vigilar las profundidades. Este mes de junio zarpan los barcos a recoger m&#225;s de novecientos instrumentos anclados frente a Oreg&#243;n, Washington, Alaska, Carolina del Norte y el mar de Irminger, entre Groenlandia e Islandia. </p><p>Esos instrumentos med&#237;an, entre otras cosas, c&#243;mo el oc&#233;ano absorbe los gases de efecto invernadero de la atm&#243;sfera. La estaci&#243;n de Irminger segu&#237;a la corriente de vuelco del Atl&#225;ntico, la cinta transportadora cuyo debilitamiento ser&#237;a una cat&#225;strofe clim&#225;tica. <a href="https://www.hilarypalevsky.com/">Hilary Palevsky</a>, de Boston College, llevaba una d&#233;cada usando esos datos para entender exactamente cu&#225;nto carbono absorbe el mar. Son los aparatos que ahora arrancar&#225;n del fondo.</p><p>El consuelo dice que el oc&#233;ano nos salvar&#225; capturando el carbono que emitimos. La misma mano que podr&#237;a cobrar ese consuelo apaga los ojos que vigilaban si era cierto. No hace falta el carbono medido cuando se ha decidido no medirlo. El Congreso hab&#237;a restituido dos veces el presupuesto &#8212;US$48 millones al a&#241;o, una cifra menor frente al valor de lo que med&#237;a&#8212; y dos veces la administraci&#243;n volvi&#243; a intentar el cierre. Es el mismo gesto del laboratorio clim&#225;tico de Colorado, el mismo del escenario que se celebr&#243; retirar: desmantelar no la verdad, sino la capacidad de comprobarla.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg" width="5999" height="3379" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3379,&quot;width&quot;:5999,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3828590,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200379763?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17138ea2-65d5-4f7b-825a-b2df4a6e522f_6000x4000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Recuperaci&#243;n de equipos de monitoreo oce&#225;nico. Cr&#233;dito: Dee Emrich &#169; WHOI.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Y mientras tanto, matamos a las ballenas que valen un bill&#243;n. Este a&#241;o, cuarenta aniversario de la moratoria que en 1986 la salv&#243; de desaparecer, Noruega elev&#243; su cuota de caza de minke a mil seiscientas cuarenta y una, la m&#225;s alta en a&#241;os, con el argumento de que la poblaci&#243;n se recuper&#243;. La recuperaci&#243;n &#8212;el &#233;xito de una conquista conservacionista&#8212; se ofrece como raz&#243;n para deshacerla. Sus propios cient&#237;ficos publicaron en 2025 que las ballenas vivas fertilizan el mar y aumentan su productividad hasta en un 10%. El gobierno subi&#243; la cuota igual, envuelta en el idioma de la sostenibilidad. La ballena muerta vale como afirmaci&#243;n de soberan&#237;a de una industria que ya casi nadie necesita. </p><p>Toda la captura noruega de un a&#241;o vale, en el mercado, dos o tres millones de d&#243;lares (lo que el Fondo Monetario calcula que vale una sola ballena viva). Y aun as&#237;, la industria pierde dinero: la sostienen subsidios, campa&#241;as dirigidas a turistas para que consuman una carne que no gusta tanto a los humanos y termina como alimento para perros. La ballena viva vale un bill&#243;n en el papel de un economista. La ballena muerta no vale ni lo que cuesta matarla.</p><p>Este es el cuarto caso que examino en una serie que he llamado econom&#237;a pol&#237;tica de la consolaci&#243;n, y conviene decir qu&#233; es el patr&#243;n y qu&#233; no es. Cuatro veces lo mismo: un cat&#225;logo, un &#243;vulo, una curva, un precio. </p><blockquote><h3>Cada vez un trabajo cient&#237;fico honesto entra al mundo y el poder lo digiere y lo devuelve convertido en permiso, para desmantelar una protecci&#243;n o para evadir una que a&#250;n no existe. </h3></blockquote><p>Se trata de una estrategia m&#225;s fina que el burdo negacionismo. Pero el modelo no lo explica todo &#8212;hay territorios donde no hay conquista previa que revertir, y all&#237; el mecanismo cambia de forma y pide otra investigaci&#243;n&#8212;. Pero donde hay una conquista que defender, el consuelo aprende a usarla en su contra.</p><p>La ballena del Golfo de Cariaco asom&#243; la cabeza para mirarnos sin saber que un d&#237;a valdr&#237;a dos millones de d&#243;lares. Yo la mir&#233; sin saber que crecer&#237;a para ver c&#243;mo hab&#237;a que ponerle precio a esa mirada para defenderla, y c&#243;mo el precio se volver&#237;a, tambi&#233;n, otra manera de tomarla.</p><p>No necesitaba valer nada para merecer el mar. El precio lo pusimos nosotros. Y los instrumentos que iban a decirnos si el precio era verdad est&#225;n a punto de salir del agua.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Price]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the whale worth a trillion dollars alive, and the instruments that measured whether it was true. (The Political Economy of Consolation #4)]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 12:31:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-precio?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-precio?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><p><em>To my father, who gave me the sea.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" width="1200" height="629.8828125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1075,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:4178734,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La ballena me mira&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo." title="La ballena me mira" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">La mirada de la ballena de Bryde.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>I was nine years old and the boat had drifted to a stop in the middle of the blue waters of the Gulf of Cariaco, off the coast of Sucre. Summer vacation, a family outing, the engine silent, the water still. Then the whale came. We didn&#8217;t see it coming; we saw it arrive. It lifted its head beside the boat, out of curiosity, and looked at us&#8212;looked at me&#8212;directly. The memory is blurred, as blurred as its eye must have been seeing us, small smudges on the surface. I don&#8217;t know how long it lasted. The connection will be eternal. In memory it lasts still.</p><p>Those same days, another giant was crossing the Venezuelan shores. Jacques Cousteau had arrived with the Calypso, his research ship, to explore the waters of the Cariaco. My father would take me to meet him at the port of Cuman&#225;. It was there that I dreamed of growing up to be a marine biologist. I learned to love the sea, to sail and to dive. The rest is history. I became a journalist.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:765992,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200381920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In 2019, a group of economists at the International Monetary Fund calculated how much a whale is worth. Ralph Chami, Thomas Cosimano, Connel Fullenkamp, and Sena Oztosun published the figure in the <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami">Fund&#8217;s magazine</a>: more than two million dollars for each great whale, more than a trillion for all those still alive. The method added up the carbon a whale sequesters in its body over a lifetime&#8212;33 tons of CO&#8322;, against the four and a half a car emits in a year&#8212;, the tourism it generates, the nutrients its waste delivers to the phytoplankton that captures still more carbon. Restoring the populations to their pre-whaling numbers would cost, they calculated, around thirteen dollars per person per year. Chami said it without hedging: he had handed conservationists a weapons-grade talking point. Dollar figures persuade governments where the beauty of an animal fails.</p><p>We had to put a price on the gaze from the Gulf of Cariaco for it to matter.</p><p>The science behind the figure is honest, above all in what it does not claim. The trillion dollars rests on the assumption that whales, restored, would raise the productivity of global phytoplankton by one to 2%. There is no empirical evidence for that assumption; the authors do not justify it. When you discount to the part that can actually be measured&#8212;the carbon a whale carries to the bottom of the sea when it dies and sinks&#8212;the number collapses. </p><p><a href="https://hannahritchie.substack.com/p/whale-carbon-capture">Hannah Ritchie</a> did the arithmetic: even restoring whales to their pre-whaling populations, that sequestration would amount to between 6/10,000 and 4/10,000 of 1% of global emissions. Barely a dent. A group of biologists wrote it last year in <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02106-y.epdf">Nature Climate Change</a></em>, using a phrase that names the procedure: the carbonization of animals as a climate solution. Inflated valuations, selective reporting, and a narrow focus on carbon that distracts from the only thing that reduces emissions, which is reducing emissions and our dependence on fossil fuels.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png" width="900" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:522133,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200381920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The scientists saw what was coming. A natural solution, valued and monetized, becomes the promise that the ocean will absorb what we do not stop emitting. The blue carbon credit market already exists and is growing toward the tens of billions. The infrastructure to sell the living whale is built. It will not be long before someone sells it. And when someone buys a whale&#8217;s carbon in order to keep burning their own, the whale will have passed from creature to permit.</p><blockquote><h3>We put a price on it to save it, the way a price is put on a hostage. The price becomes a license not to save the rest.</h3></blockquote><p>This month, as I write, the Trump administration has begun to dismantle the <a href="https://oceanobservatories.org/2026/05/announcement-on-ooi-descoping/">Ocean Observatories Initiative</a>, a US$368 million system installed a decade ago to watch the deep. This June, the ships set out to retrieve more than 900 instruments anchored off Oregon, Washington, Alaska, North Carolina, and the Irminger Sea, between Greenland and Iceland. </p><p>Those instruments measured, among other things, how the ocean absorbs greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The Irminger station tracked the Atlantic overturning current, the conveyor belt whose weakening would be a climate catastrophe. <a href="https://www.hilarypalevsky.com/">Hilary Palevsky</a>, of Boston College, had spent a decade using that data to understand exactly how much carbon the sea absorbs. They are the devices that will now be torn from the bottom.</p><p>The consolation says the ocean will save us by capturing the carbon we emit. The same hand that might collect on that consolation switches off the eyes that watched whether it was true. There is no need for measured carbon once you have decided not to measure it. Congress had twice restored the budget&#8212;US$48 million a year, a small sum against the worth of what it measured&#8212;and twice the administration tried to shut it down. It is the same gesture as the climate laboratory in Colorado, the same as the scenario whose retirement was celebrated: to dismantle not the truth, but the capacity to verify it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg" width="6000" height="3465" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Recovery of oceanic monitoring equipment. Credit: De Emrich &#169; WHOI.</figcaption></figure></div><p>And meanwhile, we kill the whales worth a trillion. This year, the 40th anniversary of the moratorium that, in 1986, saved them from disappearing, Norway raised its minke whale hunting quota to 1,641, the highest in years, on the argument that the population has recovered. The recovery is the success of a conservation victory and is offered as the reason to undo it. Its own scientists published in 2025 that living whales fertilize the sea and raise its productivity by as much as 10%. The government raised the quota anyway, wrapped in the language of sustainability. The dead whale is worth something as an assertion of sovereignty by an industry almost no one needs anymore. </p><p>Norway&#8217;s entire catch for a year is worth, on the market, two or three million dollars&#8212;what the Monetary Fund calculates a single living whale is worth. And even so, the industry loses money: it is sustained by subsidies and by campaigns aimed at tourists, to eat meat that humans do not much like and that ends up as dog food. The dead whale is not worth even what it costs to kill it.</p><p>This is the fourth case I have examined in a series I call <strong>the political economy of consolation</strong>, and it&#8217;s worth clarifying what the pattern is and what it is not. </p><blockquote><h3>Four times, the same thing: a catalogue, an egg, a curve, a price. Each time, an honest piece of scientific work enters the world, and power digests it and returns it, often as permission to dismantle a protection or to evade one that does not yet exist. It&#8217;s a more refined strategy than crude denialism. </h3></blockquote><p>The framework can&#8217;t explain everything. There are areas where there&#8217;s no prior victory to overturn, and in those places, the mechanism changes shape and requires a different inquiry. But where a victory exists to defend, the consolation learns to use it against itself.</p><p>The whale in the Gulf of Cariaco lifted its head to look at us without knowing that one day it would be worth two million dollars. I looked at it without knowing I would grow up to see how a price had to be put on that gaze in order to defend it, and how the price would become, too, another way of taking it.</p><p>It did not need to be worth anything to deserve the sea. The price we put on it ourselves. And the instruments that were going to tell us whether the price was true are about to come out of the water.</p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;">1 - <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">307 Billion Years</a>          &#8226;      2 - <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc">The Promise</a>     &#8226;           3 - <strong><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-license">The License</a></strong></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9122f330-7224-467a-919e-476139db327c_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8b47e7cf-a147-46a0-a9f8-f472a0c51306_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0503157d-81f8-4b00-874e-95fe7b9c0f07_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The Political Economy of Consolation&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3f218256-4019-4d21-ba11-a238533698e6_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La Licencia ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre el escenario que los cient&#237;ficos retiraron, y la administraci&#243;n que celebr&#243; la retirada]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 12:31:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-license?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-license?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><div 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" width="1200" height="533.2417582417582" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Los siete escenarios clim&#225;ticos del CMIP7. La curva del nuevo escenario alto (H) llega a 3,5 &#176;C en 2100 y sigue subiendo. Fuente: Van Vuuren et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, 2026.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>En junio de 2023, un comit&#233; de climat&#243;logos se reuni&#243; en Reading, en el sur de Inglaterra, para revisar los escenarios que el pr&#243;ximo informe del IPCC usar&#237;a como base. Tras tres d&#237;as de trabajo, decidieron retirar el escenario conocido como RCP 8.5, el peor caso que hab&#237;a guiado la investigaci&#243;n clim&#225;tica desde principios de la d&#233;cada pasada. Este escenario era una predicci&#243;n coherente del futuro. En el papel, era una cat&#225;strofe: en un mundo con emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero muy altas y sin pol&#237;ticas clim&#225;ticas, la concentraci&#243;n de CO&#8322; en la atm&#243;sfera ser&#237;a m&#225;s del doble que la actual (unos 1.100 ppm frente a 425 ppm). Pero ahora, gracias al avance de las energ&#237;as renovables, la regulaci&#243;n de emisiones y otras medidas ambientales, ese desastre ya no parece posible.</p><p>La correcci&#243;n fue ganada a pulso. Entre 2009 y 2024, el precio de la electricidad solar baj&#243; un 88%. En 2025, el 86% de la nueva capacidad el&#233;ctrica mundial vino de fuentes renovables. El art&#237;culo que explica esta revisi&#243;n se public&#243; en <em><a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/">Geoscientific Model Development</a></em> en abril de 2026, fruto de la colaboraci&#243;n de cuarenta y cuatro cient&#237;ficos de diecinueve pa&#237;ses. En resumen, ahora el peor escenario posible es que la temperatura media del planeta suba 3,5 &#176;C en 2100 (comparado con el nivel entre 1850 y 1900), en lugar de los 5 &#176;C que preve&#237;a el modelo anterior.</p><blockquote><h3>El nuevo escenario m&#225;s alto a&#250;n llega a 5 &#176;C, pero cincuenta a&#241;os m&#225;s tarde. Es una correcci&#243;n t&#233;cnica sincera. Es lo que la ciencia hace cuando funciona: revisa sus conclusiones cuando la evidencia cambia.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" width="542" height="387" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:387,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>El 17 de mayo, el presidente public&#243; en Truth Social: <em>&#8220;GOOD RIDDANCE.&#8221;</em> La administraci&#243;n, que ha desmantelado el principal laboratorio de investigaci&#243;n clim&#225;tica del pa&#237;s en Colorado, que ha bloqueado el desarrollo de e&#243;lica marina, que ha forzado a plantas de carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;micas a permanecer abiertas, interpret&#243; la revisi&#243;n cient&#237;fica como una concesi&#243;n. Como una admisi&#243;n de error de los profetas del fin, los cient&#237;ficos de la cat&#225;strofe. Como un permiso para continuar en la direcci&#243;n del desastre, convencido de que la cat&#225;strofe nunca llegar&#225;.</p><blockquote><h3>Lo que cambi&#243; fue el papel, no el aire.</h3></blockquote><p>El papel cambi&#243; porque el aire estaba cambiando. La curva se aplaz&#243; porque el carb&#243;n estaba siendo desplazado, porque la solar se volvi&#243; m&#225;s barata que el gas y porque las decisiones de inversi&#243;n globales se mov&#237;an. La revisi&#243;n no descubri&#243; un mundo m&#225;s amable. Reconoci&#243; estad&#237;sticamente un cambio material que ya estaba en curso. Ahora el permiso amenaza las condiciones que hicieron posible la correcci&#243;n. Si las plantas de carb&#243;n permanecen abiertas, si la e&#243;lica marina se bloquea o si los subsidios a la solar se retiran, las curvas vuelven a la anterior. No porque los modelos sean incorrectos, sino porque la realidad que justific&#243; la revisi&#243;n est&#225; siendo cambiada a prop&#243;sito.</p><blockquote><h3>Esto no es negacionismo. Es algo m&#225;s sofisticado. El negacionismo niega la ciencia; este sistema la usa. </h3></blockquote><p>Espera el momento en que un cient&#237;fico honesto corrige una proyecci&#243;n, un bi&#243;logo cuidadoso anuncia un avance o un comit&#233; revisa un escenario y convierte cada correcci&#243;n en un comunicado de prensa que dice: &#191;<em>Ven? No</em> <em>era tan grave.</em> En mi ensayo anterior, <em><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/la-promesa">La promesa</a></em>, analic&#233; c&#243;mo el secretario del Interior,<a href="https://apnews.com/article/eeuu-ley-peligro-exencion-comision-1fe0873c3b0ade68b275889cac629f63"> Doug Burgum</a>, cit&#243; la <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/04/10/trump-endangered-species-protections-dire-wolves/">posibilidad de la desextinci&#243;n</a> para proponer una revisi&#243;n de la Ley de Especies en Peligro. El mecanismo es el mismo. Una promesa cient&#237;fica (el c&#243;ndor vuelve, el lobo gigante y el moa pueden ser resucitados mediante reingenier&#237;a, la curva se aplaza cincuenta a&#241;os) se convierte en pretexto para desmantelar la conquista que proteg&#237;a contra el da&#241;o original. La licencia para cazar con plomo sin pensar en el ave en peligro, para taladrar en el h&#225;bitat cr&#237;tico o para quemar el carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;mico se restituye a los actores que la hab&#237;an perdido.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" width="1200" height="750" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="https://climateactiontracker.org/global/historical-progress/">Climate Action Tracker</a>&#8217;s evolution of 2100 warming projections under different policy assumptions between 2009 and 2025.</figcaption></figure></div><blockquote><h3>No es nostalgia ni falta de conciencia, sino restauraci&#243;n.</h3></blockquote><p>Hay una frase que Genevieve Guenther y Michael E. Mann escribieron este 22 de mayo en el <em><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2026/05/sorry-climate-change-is-still-dangerous-no-matter-what-nonsense-trump-emits/#post-heading">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></em> que vale la pena citar entera: &#8220;Los escenarios futuros de emisiones de carbono ser&#225;n determinados por la pol&#237;tica. Pero el calentamiento asociado a esas emisiones est&#225; determinado por la f&#237;sica&#8221;. La l&#237;nea es exacta hasta cierto punto. La pol&#237;tica puede mover la curva en el papel. El aire no se mueve por decreto. Pero la pol&#237;tica s&#237; puede mover lo que la f&#237;sica tendr&#225; que medir. Cada planta de carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;mica forzada a permanecer abierta, cada plataforma petrolera no clausurada, cada subsidio retirado a la transici&#243;n, y cada medida que elimine protecciones a la naturaleza y el ambiente que habitamos es una decisi&#243;n sobre qu&#233; aire habr&#225; que medir (y respirar) en 2050.</p><p>El nuevo modelo proyecta un aumento de entre 2,5 &#176;C y 4,3 &#176;C para 2100. Ese rango ya no se puede explicar solo por la incertidumbre estad&#237;stica sobre la f&#237;sica del sistema. Ahora tambi&#233;n hay que considerar la incertidumbre pol&#237;tica, que determina cu&#225;nto del progreso clim&#225;tico se podr&#237;a perder en los pr&#243;ximos cuatro a&#241;os. La pol&#237;tica se ha convertido en variable interna del nuevo modelo.</p><p>Una variable que el modelo anterior no ten&#237;a: cu&#225;nto de lo conseguido seremos capaces de conservar.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The License]]></title><description><![CDATA[This is the story of the scenario that scientists decided to retire, and the administration that celebrated its retirement. (The Political Economy of Consolation #3)]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 12:31:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-licencia?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-licencia?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" width="1200" height="533.2417582417582" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:647,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:127039,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199281873?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The seven CMIP7 climate scenarios. The new high scenario (H) reaches 3.5&#176;C by 2100 and keeps rising. Source: Van Vuuren et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, 2026.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>In June 2023, a committee of climate scientists met in Reading, in southern England, to review the scenarios that the next Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/">IPCC</a>) report would use as a basis for projection. After three days of work, they decided to retire the scenario known as RCP 8.5, the worst case that had guided climate research since the early years of the previous decade. The scenario was a coherent prediction of the future. On paper, a catastrophe: a world with very high greenhouse gas emissions and no climate policies, where the concentration of CO&#8322; in the atmosphere would be more than double today&#8217;s (around 1,100 ppm against 425 ppm). But now, thanks to the advances of renewable energy, emissions regulation, and other environmental measures, that disaster no longer seems possible.</p><p>The correction was hard-won. Between 2009 and 2024, the price of solar electricity fell by 88%. In 2025, 86% of the world&#8217;s new electric capacity came from renewable sources. The article explaining the revision was published in <em><a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/">Geoscientific Model Development</a></em> in April 2026, the work of forty-four scientists from nineteen countries. In short, the worst possible scenario is now that the planet&#8217;s average temperature rises 3.5&#176;C by 2100 (compared to the 1850&#8211;1900 level), rather than the 5&#176;C the previous model projected.</p><blockquote><h3>The new high scenario still reaches 5&#176;C, only fifty years later. It is a sincere technical correction. It is what science does when it works: it revises its conclusions when the evidence changes.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" width="542" height="387" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:387,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>On May 17, the president posted on Truth Social: <em>&#8220;GOOD RIDDANCE.&#8221;</em> The administration, which shut down the main climate research lab in Colorado, blocked offshore wind projects, and kept unprofitable coal plants running, saw the scientific revision as a concession. They treated it as if the scientists who warned of disaster were admitting they were wrong. To them, it was a green light to keep heading toward disaster, believing that catastrophe is now off the table.</p><blockquote><h3>What changed was the paper, not the air.</h3></blockquote><p>The paper changed because the world was already changing. The projected curve shifted because coal was being replaced, solar power became cheaper than gas, and investment choices were moving in a new direction. The revision did not reveal a safer world; it simply recognized real changes that were already happening. Now, the so-called permit puts those changes at risk. If coal plants keep running, offshore wind is blocked, or solar subsidies are removed, the projections will go back to what they were before. This would not be because the models are flawed, but because the reality that justified the revision is being reversed on purpose.</p><blockquote><h3>This is not denialism. It is something more sophisticated. Denialism rejects the science; this system uses it.</h3></blockquote><p>It waits for the moment when an honest scientist corrects a projection, a careful biologist announces a breakthrough, or a committee revises a scenario, and turns each correction into a press release that says: <em>See? It wasn&#8217;t so bad.</em> In my previous essay, <em><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise">The Promise</a></em>, I examined how Interior Secretary <a href="https://apnews.com/article/eeuu-ley-peligro-exencion-comision-1fe0873c3b0ade68b275889cac629f63">Doug Burgum</a> invoked the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/04/10/trump-endangered-species-protections-dire-wolves/">possibility of de-extinction </a>to propose a revision of the Endangered Species Act. The mechanism is the same. A scientific promise (the condor returns, the dire wolf and the moa can be resurrected through reengineering, the curve is deferred by fifty years) becomes a pretext for dismantling the hard-won protection against the original harm. The license to hunt with lead ammunition without thinking about the endangered bird, to drill in critical habitat, or to burn uneconomic coal is restored to the actors who had lost it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" width="1200" height="750" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="https://climateactiontracker.org/global/historical-progress/">Climate Action Tracker</a>&#8217;s evolution of 2100 warming projections under different policy assumptions between 2009 and 2025.</figcaption></figure></div><blockquote><h3>It is not nostalgia, nor absence of conscience, but restoration.</h3></blockquote><p>There is a sentence Genevieve Guenther and Michael E. Mann wrote this May 22 in the <em><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2026/05/sorry-climate-change-is-still-dangerous-no-matter-what-nonsense-trump-emits/#post-heading">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></em> worth quoting in full:<em> </em></p><blockquote><h3>&#8220;Future carbon emissions scenarios will be determined by politics. But the warming associated with those emissions is determined by physics.&#8221; </h3></blockquote><p>The line is exact up to a point. Politics can move the curve on paper. The air does not move by decree. But politics can move what physics will have to measure. Every uneconomic coal plant forced to remain open, every offshore platform left in service, every subsidy withdrawn from the transition, and every measure that strips away protections from the nature and the environment we live in, is a decision about what air will have to be measured (and breathed) in 2050.</p><p>The new model predicts a temperature rise of between 2.5&#176;C and 4.3&#176;C by 2100. This range is no longer just about uncertainty in the physics. Now, we also have to consider political uncertainty, which will decide how much climate progress might be lost in the next four years. Politics has become an internal variable of the model.</p><p>A variable the previous model did not have: how much of what was gained we will be able to preserve.</p><div><hr></div><h4 style="text-align: center;">The Political Economy of Consolation</h4><p style="text-align: center;">1  <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">307 Billion Years</a>  &#8226;  2  <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc">The Promise</a>   &#8226;  4  <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-price">The Price</a></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/95c22c7a-7c4b-41c3-a382-b7e32176e4be_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/24c7423e-d81e-47f4-b3a6-b3ee4256279a_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/02141e1f-39a2-4e5e-b5b8-2005b0bbda55_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bcf93e64-71d7-4761-9d7a-f068b575be41_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La Promesa
]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre la membrana de silic&#243;n que incub&#243; veintis&#233;is pollos, y sobre lo que no puede devolver]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" width="1200" height="636.2637362637363" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:772,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:7450814,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199256113?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Una membrana de silic&#243;n, muy delgada, alojada en una copa hexagonal r&#237;gida. El primer huevo artificial. Permite el paso del ox&#237;geno y retiene la humedad que el embri&#243;n necesita. En la parte superior hay una ventanita que permite a los cient&#237;ficos observar c&#243;mo crece el polluelo. La copa puede variar de tama&#241;o, desde un huevo de colibr&#237; hasta una pelota de f&#250;tbol. Este mes, veintis&#233;is pollitos nacieron de ella en Dallas usando este m&#233;todo. La empresa responsable comparti&#243; el resultado el 19 de mayo, aunque no nos mostr&#243; un estudio revisado por pares ni habl&#243; de su tasa de &#233;xito.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><a href="https://colossal.com/colossal-biosciences-artificial-egg-dodo-moa/">Colossal Biosciences </a>considera esto un primer paso para traer de vuelta al dodo y al moa gigante de la Isla Sur. Es una promesa muy atractiva. La membrana existe. Los pollos tambi&#233;n. Pero la empresa a&#250;n no ha creado el ave.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" width="1456" height="946" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:946,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5663314,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199256113?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>El proceso, como muestra un video impecable, comienza con una gallina real poniendo un huevo real. Despu&#233;s, en las siguientes veinticuatro o cuarenta y ocho horas, un cient&#237;fico abre el cascar&#243;n y pone todo el contenido, menos la c&#225;scara, claro, en la estructura artificial. Hasta ese momento, todo sigue siendo biolog&#237;a: la fecundaci&#243;n, la postura y las primeras divisiones celulares. La ingenier&#237;a solo entra en juego cuando el animal ya ha hecho lo que la tecnolog&#237;a no puede.</p><p>Conviene reconocer el patr&#243;n. Las tecnolog&#237;as de conservaci&#243;n anteriores surgieron de manera similar: una herramienta biotecnol&#243;gica precisa que resuelve un problema inmediato, pero depende de un entorno que no puede reemplazar. El <a href="https://defenders.org/wildlife/california-condor">c&#243;ndor de California</a> fue retirado del cielo en 1987 y los &#250;ltimos veintid&#243;s ejemplares se capturaron para criarlos en cautiverio. El programa tuvo &#233;xito y hoy los c&#243;ndores vuelan de nuevo sobre el Gran Ca&#241;&#243;n y la Sierra de Baja California. Sin embargo, el programa no pudo devolverles un mundo sin balas de plomo, que siguen envenen&#225;ndolos.</p><blockquote><h3>La tecnolog&#237;a resolvi&#243; el problema inmediato, pero el entorno que llev&#243; al ave al borde de la extinci&#243;n sigue igual.</h3></blockquote><p>El &#243;vulo artificial es una versi&#243;n moderna de este enfoque y no es el primer ejemplo. El biovault que Colossal construye en los Emiratos &#193;rabes Unidos almacenar&#225; muestras de tejido y c&#233;lulas de m&#225;s de diez mil especies, muchas en peligro. Los tres cachorros de lobo gigante o lobo terrible (<em>Aenocyon dirus</em>) nacidos en 2024 son lobos grises modificados para parecerse a los que George R. R. Martin y los guionistas de Game of Thrones imaginaron como mascotas de la familia Stark. El patr&#243;n no es la ciencia en s&#237;, sino lo que se espera que la ciencia represente.</p><p>Pocas horas despu&#233;s del anuncio sobre el lobo terrible, el secretario del Interior, Doug Burgum, mencion&#243; la posibilidad de la desextinci&#243;n en un mensaje que <a href="https://x.com/SecretaryBurgum/status/1909345951069651032">cuestionaba la Ley de Especies en Peligro</a>. "Es el momento de cambiar fundamentalmente c&#243;mo pensamos sobre la conservaci&#243;n de especies." El mensaje no necesitaba que la membrana de silic&#243;n existiera. Su promesa bast&#243;.</p><p>Este es el segundo movimiento de una secuencia que empieza a tomar forma. El cat&#225;logo anota lo perdido y el recibo se vuelve una forma de consuelo. El &#243;vulo artificial promete devolver algo y esa promesa se convierte en permiso. Cuanto m&#225;s compleja es la ingenier&#237;a para resucitar especies, mayor es nuestra libertad para seguir da&#241;ando el presente. Cada acto de consuelo sigue el mismo patr&#243;n: con gran cuidado, cient&#237;ficos crean un objeto, luego pol&#237;ticos lo usan para fines distintos a los que imaginaron sus creadores.</p><p><a href="https://scholars.duke.edu/person/stuart.pimm">Stuart Pimm</a>, el ec&#243;logo de Duke, nombr&#243; la sustituci&#243;n sin adornos. Las ventanas de los edificios. Los gatos al aire libre. El &#243;vulo artificial cuesta cientos de millones de d&#243;lares, una sede en Texas y a&#241;os de patentes.</p><blockquote><h3>En cambio, cerrar una persiana no cuesta nada y mantener un gato dentro de casa mucho menos. La ciencia que podr&#237;a salvar a las aves que a&#250;n existen es la que nadie est&#225; eligiendo.</h3></blockquote><p>Debajo de todo esto hay una verdad m&#225;s peque&#241;a y m&#225;s cercana. Las aves que sobreviven lo hacen gracias a ordenanzas municipales, jardines comunitarios, planes clim&#225;ticos tribales y c&#243;digos de construcci&#243;n locales.</p><p>Ejemplos como la vivienda en <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/15/nx-s1-5400642/affordable-housing-environment-vienna-climate-change">Vienna</a>, los t&#250;neles de lluvia en <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/13/nx-s1-5340710/copenhagen-climate-change-solutions-flooding">Copenhagen</a>, el fondo de mil millones que <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/20/nx-s1-5734498/portland-funding-climate-change-corporations-retail-tax">Portland </a>reuni&#243; con un impuesto al consumo y la coalici&#243;n de ciudades de <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/19/nx-s1-5734480/renewable-energy-utah">coalition of Utah </a>que construye energ&#237;as renovables en conjunto lo demuestran. Ninguna de estas intervenciones necesit&#243; de una membrana de silic&#243;n ni una valuaci&#243;n de diez mil millones. Este trabajo ocurre a una escala donde un lugar todav&#237;a puede reconocerse como tal.</p><p>El pollito que nazca del &#243;vulo artificial nacer&#225; en un mundo que ya no contiene al ave que deb&#237;a ser. La pregunta ya no es qu&#233; fue primero, si la gallina o el huevo. Los dos necesitaron antes una tercera cosa: un sitio donde existir.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yx_V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49d1179-051c-478d-b73c-7491d89a25e5_718x479.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Promise]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the silicone membrane that hatched twenty-six chickens, and what it cannot return]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 23:49:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-promesa?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Le&#233;lo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-promesa?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Le&#233;lo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A silicone membrane, very thin, housed inside a rigid hexagonal cup. The first artificial egg. It lets oxygen pass through and holds in the moisture the embryo needs. A small window at the top lets the scientist watch the chick develop. The cup can be made smaller than a hummingbird&#8217;s egg or larger than a soccer ball. This month, twenty-six chicks hatched from it in Dallas. The company that built it announced the result on May 19, without a peer-reviewed paper and without disclosing the hatch rate.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><a href="https://colossal.com/colossal-biosciences-artificial-egg-dodo-moa/">Colossal Biosciences </a>calls this a first step toward bringing back the dodo and the South Island giant moa. It is an attractive promise. The membrane is real. The chicks are real. What the company has not yet built is the bird.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" width="1456" height="946" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:946,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5663314,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199256113?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The process, as the company&#8217;s polished video shows, begins with a real hen laying a real egg. Within the next twenty-four to forty-eight hours, a scientist cracks the shell and pours the contents &#8212; minus the shell, of course &#8212; into the artificial structure. Up to that point, everything is still biology: fertilization, laying, the first cell divisions. The engineering takes over only after the animal has done what the technology cannot.</p><p>The pattern is worth recognizing. Earlier conservation technologies arrived the same way: a precise biotechnical tool that solves the downstream problem and depends on an upstream world it cannot replace. The <a href="https://defenders.org/wildlife/california-condor">California condor</a> was removed from the sky in 1987; the last twenty-two birds captured for captive breeding. The program worked. Condors fly again over the Grand Canyon and the mountains of Baja California. What the program could not return to them was a sky without the lead bullets of hunting ammunition, which still poison them. </p><blockquote><h3>The technology solved the downstream problem. The landscape that drove the bird to the edge of extinction is still the landscape the bird was returned to. </h3></blockquote><p>The artificial egg is the latest update of the same operation. Hours after last year&#8217;s dire wolf announcement, Interior Secretary Doug Burgum invoked the possibility of de-extinction in <a href="https://x.com/SecretaryBurgum/status/1909345951069651032">a post questioning the Endangered Species Act</a>. <em>&#8220;It&#8217;s time to fundamentally change how we think about species conservation.&#8221;</em> The membrane had not yet been built. The post did not need it to have been built. The promise was enough.</p><p>This is the second movement of a sequence that is beginning to take shape. The catalog records what has been lost. The receipt becomes a form of consolation. The artificial egg promises to return something, and the promise becomes a permit. The more elaborate the engineering of resurrection, the wider the room granted for present harm. Each act of consolation works the same way: scientists, with great care, produce an object, and politicians use it for ends its makers did not propose.</p><p><a href="https://scholars.duke.edu/person/stuart.pimm">Stuart Pimm</a>, the Duke ecologist, named the substitution without ornament. Building windows. Outdoor cats. The artificial egg costs hundreds of millions of dollars, a Texas headquarters, and years of patents to come. </p><blockquote><h3>A closed blind costs nothing. A cat kept indoors costs less. The science that would save the birds that still exist is the science nobody is choosing.</h3></blockquote><p>Beneath all this, there is a smaller and closer truth. The birds that survive survive because of municipal ordinances, neighborhood gardens, tribal climate plans, and county-level building codes. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/15/nx-s1-5400642/affordable-housing-environment-vienna-climate-change">Vienna&#8217;s</a> housing. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/13/nx-s1-5340710/copenhagen-climate-change-solutions-flooding">Copenhagen&#8217;s</a> rain tunnels. The billion-dollar fund <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/20/nx-s1-5734498/portland-funding-climate-change-corporations-retail-tax">Portland raised</a> through a retail tax. The <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/19/nx-s1-5734480/renewable-energy-utah">coalition of Utah cities</a> building renewables together. None of this required a silicone membrane or a ten-billion-dollar valuation. The work happens at the scale at which a place can still recognize itself as a place.</p><p>The chick that hatches from the artificial egg will hatch into a world that no longer contains the bird it was meant to be. No longer will we need to ask which came first, the chicken or the egg. They both needed a third thing first: a place to exist.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yx_V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49d1179-051c-478d-b73c-7491d89a25e5_718x479.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><h4 style="text-align: center;"></h4><div><hr></div><h4 style="text-align: center;"><strong>The Political Economy of Consolation</strong></h4><p style="text-align: center;">1    <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">307 Billion Years</a>   &#8226;   2  <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-license">The License</a>   &#8226;  4   <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-price">The Price</a></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/53ccb021-5955-4c3d-aafa-520e7723fb27_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0bc50b43-9271-4b9d-be5b-eec1da0867cd_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/64273ef9-ffb4-400f-a35d-a1318fa910ba_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/99e12196-76ca-4bdd-a038-7eada383e03a_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><div><hr></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[307 mil millones de años]]></title><description><![CDATA[Un inventario de lo que estamos perdiendo, y la gram&#225;tica de la p&#233;rdida]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos</guid><pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 12:02:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em>A Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</em></h5><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En el bosque nuboso del Parque Nacional El Cusuco, en la Sierra del Merend&#243;n al noroeste de Honduras, hay una maravilla que crece hasta los doce metros de altura, un &#225;rbol pariente del s&#225;ndalo, cuya corteza tiene el aroma de las rosas y al que los lugare&#241;os llaman <em><a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/149672874/149810030">guayabillo</a></em>. En 2010 fue catalogado cient&#237;ficamente como <em>Hondurodendron urceolatum</em>, <em>el &#225;rbol de Honduras</em>. Sus poblaciones, escasas, se aferran a una sola cadena monta&#241;osa. El &#225;rbol es dioico &#8212;flores masculinas y femeninas en individuos separados&#8212;, lo que significa que para que la especie contin&#250;e, dos de ellos tienen que encontrarse en un bosque que se va achicando a su alrededor. Desde la semana pasada, el <em>Hondurodendron</em> encabeza la lista <a href="https://www.edgeofexistence.org/download-edge-lists/">EDGE </a> de angiospermas publicada en <em><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz0773">Science</a></em>: la planta con flor m&#225;s evolutivamente distintiva y globalmente amenazada del planeta.</p><p>La lista, obra de F&#233;lix Forest y un equipo de los <a href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/edge-flowering-plants-angiosperms">Jardines Bot&#225;nicos de Kew</a>, cataloga 9.945 especies. Para estar en ella, una planta tiene que cargar sobre su tronco una porci&#243;n desproporcionada del &#225;rbol de la vida: ser el &#250;ltimo representante, o uno de los pocos, de un linaje que se ramific&#243; hace tanto tiempo que su p&#233;rdida es irreparable. La lista no es un memorial. Se parece m&#225;s al manifiesto de un barco.</p><p>La cifra que viene con la lista me resulta m&#225;s dif&#237;cil de sostener. El equipo de Forest estima que el 21,2% de la historia evolutiva contenida en las plantas con flor del mundo est&#225; en riesgo de extinci&#243;n. Esa historia, sumada a trav&#233;s de cada rama del &#225;rbol de las angiospermas, totaliza 1,45 billones de a&#241;os. La porci&#243;n amenazada asciende a 307 mil millones de a&#241;os. No alcanzo a imaginar esas cifras. &#191;C&#243;mo puede alguien sostener tal desproporci&#243;n?</p><p>Una vida humana acumula unos treinta mil d&#237;as. Perder tres &#8212;el momento en que conociste a ese amigo, aquella tarde con tu amante que debi&#243; ser memorable, el d&#237;a en que tu hijo dijo tu nombre por primera vez&#8212; es un accidente, la erosi&#243;n com&#250;n de estar vivo. La demencia es otra cosa. La demencia es la sentencia a la oscuridad del olvido eterno: no la p&#233;rdida de un recuerdo, sino la p&#233;rdida del que podr&#237;a haber recordado. El archivo y el archivista, borrados a la vez. Mi amigo, el explorador <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DLxcqq3tLgS/">Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>, me llev&#243; hasta el fondo de la selva amaz&#243;nica y supo nombrar cada planta y cada animal con que nos cruzamos en nuestras expediciones. Cuando &#233;l se vaya, la mayor&#237;a de esos nombres se ir&#225;n con &#233;l. La extinci&#243;n es demencia a la escala del planeta. La monta&#241;a en Honduras sigue ah&#237;. Lo que se va es lo &#250;nico que sab&#237;a c&#243;mo ser <em>Hondurodendron</em> y, con ello, los cuatro mil millones de a&#241;os de ensayo en los que aprendi&#243; a ser <em>Hondurodendron</em>, un <em>guayabillo</em>, y nada m&#225;s.</p><blockquote><h4>Rachel Carson vio esta contabilidad en el libro mayor natural hace sesenta y cuatro a&#241;os, en <em>Primavera silenciosa</em>. Su obra hizo su trabajo: se prohibi&#243; el DDT, se escribieron regulaciones, naci&#243; un movimiento. Y no paramos de gastar. La cuenta no se ha cerrado. S&#243;lo se ha vuelto m&#225;s detallada.</h4></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.onezoom.org/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png" width="1080" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:248069,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.onezoom.org/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/197147365?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El &#225;rbol de la vida. Imagen: <a href="https://www.onezoom.org/">OneZoom </a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Aqu&#237; est&#225; la parte que me sorprendi&#243;. Un <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea1676">segundo trabajo</a>, en el mismo n&#250;mero de <em>Science</em>, de Junna Wang y colegas en UC Davis, model&#243; los rangos futuros de 67.664 especies de plantas bajo las condiciones de cambio clim&#225;tico. Esperaban encontrar que la extinci&#243;n ser&#237;a impulsada por la "limitaci&#243;n de dispersi&#243;n". Algo equivalente a un muro fronterizo o a una prohibici&#243;n de viaje, pero que incapacite a las plantas para migrar con suficiente rapidez desde una tierra hostil y alcanzar un h&#225;bitat adecuado. Esa ha sido la suposici&#243;n durante d&#233;cadas. Resulta estar equivocada. Entre el 70% y el 80% de las extinciones proyectadas no se deben a que las plantas se muevan demasiado despacio, sino a que el h&#225;bitat mismo desaparece. Los lugares no se alejan de las plantas. Los lugares se esfuman. Como un migrante que llega a la tierra de las oportunidades y encuentra la promesa de igualdad y prosperidad rescindida, el santuario ya no existe.</p><blockquote><h4>Es una forma distinta de p&#233;rdida que la que hab&#237;amos imaginado. Las plantas no est&#225;n perdiendo una carrera: la pista se est&#225; demoliendo bajo sus pies.</h4></blockquote><p>El instinto correcto es proteger los bienes comunes del planeta. &#191;Pero qu&#233; funciona? En el Grand Bassin de Mauricio, un lago en el cr&#225;ter de un volc&#225;n cuya sacralizaci&#243;n comenz&#243; en el siglo XIX con el sue&#241;o de un sacerdote hind&#250;. El mito se profundiz&#243; en 1972 cuando unos pol&#237;ticos vertieron en &#233;l una botella de agua del Ganges, y hoy lo custodia una estatua de Shiva de treinta metros. All&#237;, la poblaci&#243;n de peces ha permanecido intacta mientras el resto de las pesquer&#237;as de la isla ha colapsado. El antrop&#243;logo <a href="https://www.xygalatas.com/">Dimitris Xygalatas </a>escribe tambi&#233;n sobre el subak balin&#233;s, el sistema de riego coordinado por templos que sostuvo el cultivo de arroz durante mil a&#241;os hasta que un programa de modernizaci&#243;n casi lo destruy&#243; en dos d&#233;cadas y tuvo que ser reinstalado. El patr&#243;n se repite entre culturas. Los bienes comunes que los humanos han protegido con &#233;xito son los que han tratado como sagrados. Todo lo dem&#225;s ha sido catalogado.</p><p>No digo que debamos sacralizar el bosque nuboso de El Cusuco. Ni la vida ni lo divino funcionan as&#237;. Uno no puede decidir encontrar algo sagrado. La palabra nombra una relaci&#243;n, no una pol&#237;tica. Lo que noto se parece m&#225;s a un diagn&#243;stico: el vocabulario t&#233;cnico de la conservaci&#243;n (<em>evolutivamente distintivo, globalmente amenazado, diversidad filogen&#233;tica en riesgo</em>) es el vocabulario de una cultura que ya decidi&#243; qu&#233; va a perder. La lista no es el rescate, es el recibo.</p><p>Hay un silencio particular en el trabajo de Forest que me hace volver a &#233;l. Entre las 9.945 especies, 4.076 son especies candidatas a la lista EDGE. Son plantas cuyo riesgo de extinci&#243;n a&#250;n no ha sido evaluado formalmente, pero que previsiblemente est&#225;n amenazadas. Est&#225;n en la lista porque sus parientes cercanos est&#225;n muriendo, y porque el algoritmo supone (correctamente, hasta donde se puede saber) que tambi&#233;n las estamos perdiendo, antes de saber exactamente lo que tenemos. El cat&#225;logo est&#225; incompleto en la direcci&#243;n de una p&#233;rdida mayor.</p><blockquote><h4>Un recibo registra lo que se pag&#243;. Si el pago fue compra o despojo es una distinci&#243;n que pueden hacer los lectores, y s&#243;lo mientras el libro de cuentas siga abierto.</h4></blockquote><p>El <em>Hondurodendron</em> fue nombrado hace diecis&#233;is a&#241;os por Daniel Nickrent y sus colegas. Con toda probabilidad, &#233;l ser&#225; testigo de c&#243;mo el g&#233;nero que descubri&#243; se extingue. La monta&#241;a donde crece el <em>guayabillo</em> no se ha movido. Lo que se va es el bosque que convierte la monta&#241;a en un lugar donde este &#225;rbol puede prosperar, y el &#225;rbol que supo, a lo largo de cuatro mil millones de a&#241;os de ensayo paciente, c&#243;mo estar vivo ah&#237;.</p><p>La lista es un registro. Y un registro, sin nadie que lo lea, es s&#243;lo una forma m&#225;s oscura del olvido.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Charles es un atleta de 87 a&#241;os, c&#233;lebre explorador y naturalista, considerado por algunos el Humboldt del siglo XX. Me llev&#243; en una expedici&#243;n cient&#237;fica que condujo a uno de sus mayores descubrimientos: la cueva de cuarcita m&#225;s grande del mundo, un gigante oculto en la cima del tepuy Chimant&#225;. Decenas de especies de plantas y animales llevan su nombre.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[307 Billion Years]]></title><description><![CDATA[An inventory of what we are losing, and the grammar of the loss]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 12:02:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em>To Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</em></h5><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In the cloud forest of Parque Nacional El Cusuco, in the Sierra del Merend&#243;n of northwestern Honduras, there is a marvel that grows up to 40 feet tall, a tree relative to the sandalwood, whose bark has the aroma of roses and the locals call <em><a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/149672874/149810030">guayabillo</a></em>. In 2010, it was scientifically cataloged as <em>Hondurodendron urceolatum</em>, <em>the tree of Honduras</em>. Scattered populations cling to a single mountain range. The tree is dioecious &#8212; male and female flowers on separate individuals &#8212; which means that for the species to continue, two of them have to find each other in a forest that is shrinking around them. As of last week, <em>Hondurodendron</em> sits at the top of the angiosperm <a href="https://www.edgeofexistence.org/download-edge-lists/">EDGE list</a> published in <em><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz0773">Science</a></em>: the most evolutionarily distinct, globally endangered flowering plant on Earth.</p><p>The list is the work of F&#233;lix Forest and a team at <a href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/edge-flowering-plants-angiosperms">Kew Gardens</a>. It catalogs 9,945 species. To be on it, a plant has to carry a disproportionate share of the tree of life on its single trunk: to be the last representative, or one of a few, of a lineage that branched off long enough ago to have become irreplaceable. The list is not a memorial. It is closer to a ship&#8217;s manifest.</p><p>I find the number that comes with the list harder to hold. Forest&#8217;s team estimates that 21.2% of the evolutionary history embodied in the world&#8217;s flowering plants is currently at risk of extinction. That history, summed across every branch of the angiosperm tree, totals 1.45 trillion years. The threatened portion comes to 307 billion years. I cannot even imagine that number. How can anyone hold such a disproportion?</p><p>A human life accumulates about thirty thousand days. To lose three of them &#8212; the moment you met that friend, an afternoon with a lover that should have been recoverable, the day your child first said your name &#8212; is an accident, the ordinary erosion of being alive. Dementia is something else. Dementia is the sentence to permanent darkness: not the loss of a memory but the loss of the one who could have remembered. The archive and the archivist erased together. My friend, the explorer <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DLxcqq3tLgS/">Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> took me deep into the Amazonian jungle, and was able to name every plant and animal we passed on our expeditions. When he is gone, most of those names will go with him. Extinction is dementia at the scale of the planet. The mountain in Honduras is still there. What is leaving is the only thing that knew how to be <em>Hondurodendron</em>, and with it, the four billion years of trial that learned how to be <em>Hondurodendron</em>, a guayabillo, and nothing else.</p><blockquote><h4>Rachel Carson saw this ledger sixty-four years ago, in Silent Spring. The book did its work: DDT was banned, regulations were written, a movement was born. And then we kept spending. The ledger has not closed. It has only grown more detailed.</h4></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.onezoom.org/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png" width="1080" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:248069,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.onezoom.org/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/197147365?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Image <a href="https://www.onezoom.org/">OneZoom </a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Here is the part that surprised me. A <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea1676">second paper</a> in the same issue of Science, by Junna Wang and colleagues at UC Davis, modeled the future ranges of 67,664 plant species under climate change. They expected to find that extinction would be driven by &#8220;dispersal limitation.&#8221; Something equivalent to a border wall or a travel ban, but for plants unable to migrate fast enough from hostile land to track suitable habitat. That has been the assumption for decades. It turns out to be wrong. Between 70 and 80% of projected extinctions are caused not by plants moving too slowly, but by the suitable habitat itself disappearing. The places aren&#8217;t moving away from the plants. The places are vanishing. Like a migrant arriving at the promised land to find the promise rescinded, the sanctuary gone.</p><blockquote><h4>This is a different shape of loss than the one we had been imagining. The plants are not failing a footrace: The track is being demolished beneath them.</h4></blockquote><p>The right instinct is to protect the planet&#8217;s commons. But what works? In the Grand Bassin in Mauritius, the sacralization of a crater lake began in the nineteenth century with a Hindu priest&#8217;s dream. The process deepened in 1972 when politicians poured a bottle of Ganges water into it. Now it&#8217;s guarded by a hundred-foot statue of Shiva. The fish population has remained intact there while the rest of the island&#8217;s fisheries collapsed. The anthropologist <a href="https://www.xygalatas.com/">Dimitris Xygalatas </a>also writes about the Balinese subak, the temple-coordinated irrigation system that sustained rice cultivation for a thousand years until a modernization program nearly destroyed it in two decades, and was reinstated. The pattern holds across cultures. The commons humans have successfully protected are the ones they have treated as sacred. Everything else has been cataloged.</p><p>I am not arguing that we should sacralize the cloud forest of El Cusuco. Neither life nor the divine work that way. You cannot decide to find something sacred. The word names a relation, not a policy. What I am noticing is closer to a diagnosis: the technical vocabulary of conservation <em>(evolutionarily distinct, globally endangered, phylogenetic diversity at risk)</em> is the vocabulary of a culture that has already decided what it will lose. The list is not the rescue, it&#8217;s the receipt.</p><p>There is a particular silence in the Forest paper that I keep returning to. Among the 9,945 species, 4,076 are candidate EDGE species. These are plants whose extinction risk has not yet been formally assessed, but are predictably threatened. They are on the list because their close relatives are dying, and because the algorithm assumes (correctly, as far as anyone can tell) that we are losing them too, before we have measured what we have. The catalog is incomplete in the direction of greater loss.</p><blockquote><h4>A receipt records what was paid. Whether the payment was a purchase or a theft is a distinction made by the readers, and only while the ledger is still open.</h4></blockquote><p><em>Hondurodendron</em> was named sixteen years ago by Daniel Nickrent and his colleagues. In all likelihood, he will be a witness to how the genus he discovered has gone extinct. The mountain where the <em>guayabillo</em> grows has not moved. What is leaving is the forest that turns the mountain into a place where this tree can thrive, and the tree that knew, across four billion years of patient trial, how to be alive there.</p><p>The list is a record. And a record, without someone to read it, is only a darker form of forgetting.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><em>Charles is an athlete of 87, a renowned explorer and naturalist, considered by some the Humboldt of the twentieth century (let&#8217;s add to it the 21st). He took me on a scientific expedition that led to one of his greatest discoveries, the largest quartzite cave in the world, a giant hidden on top of the Chimant&#225; Tepuy. Dozens of species of plants and animals have been named after him.</em></p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;">2    <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc">The Promise</a>   &#8226;   3    <strong><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-license">The License</a>  &#8226;   4    <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-price">The Price</a></strong></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4064ec76-7bec-471b-854f-4c0d81a5bfe7_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/daf81d6c-604e-40e8-8fa3-0b7c94e92f33_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9dd10b5d-3fa7-48fa-a2c2-c8abb7a06648_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The Political Economy of Consolation&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/28bb144d-9dc5-449a-9007-8961da7bb50e_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p><strong> </strong></p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Every Brilliant Thing, and the Trapdoor That Won’t Close]]></title><description><![CDATA[Every actor who performs this play finds a different line that stops them. This one is mine.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 12:03:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en Espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png 424w, 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>It&#8217;s Saturday morning and my studio smells of coffee. On the desk, there is a page from the script of <em>Every Brilliant Thing</em> with a circle drawn in pencil. The circle marks two sentences:</p><blockquote><h3>&#8220;That horrible feeling when something is broken and can&#8217;t ever be fixed. The trapdoor swinging open. Fight or flight or stay as still as you can.</h3><h3>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.&#8221;</h3></blockquote><p>The second sentence is the one that stops me. The first describes a moment: Sam, the narrator&#8217;s wife, leaves him, and the narrator&#8217;s body responds the way it responded when he was seven and his father picked him up late from school. The trapdoor of danger. Fight or flight or hold still. The familiar one. The second sentence is something else: it is the discovery, in full adulthood, that the trapdoor never closed. That it had been open for twenty years. That adult life had been the wallpaper over the crack.</p><p>I have been trying for several days to read the passage aloud without stopping. I haven&#8217;t managed it yet.</p><p>In a few weeks I am going to perform Duncan Macmillan and Jonny Donahoe&#8217;s play, which has been touring the world with real actors in the role (on Broadway it is Daniel Radcliffe). My friends, my family, and my community in Bethesda will have to put up with me. At least the play is short, about an hour. There is no set, and the houselights stay up. The narrator enters as the audience takes their seats and hands out numbered slips of paper with brilliant things written on them by hand: <em>1. Ice cream. 2. Water fights... 4. The color yellow.</em> When the narrator calls a number, the person holding that slip shouts out what&#8217;s written on it. Audience members are pulled in to play the vet who puts down the childhood dog, the father driving to the hospital where the mother is, Sam, the school counselor, the literature professor. The play cannot be done without them. That is the thesis as well as the method.</p><p>The play is terribly funny and moves you, and it&#8217;s a comedy after all, but Macmillan planted the trapdoor sentence three times. The first and second times are the body of a child, and later of an adolescent, responding to the news that his mother has tried to kill herself. The third is the body of an adult responding to the woman who loved him, leaving. <em>The body has not learned anything in twenty years.</em> The trapdoor is the same trapdoor. That is the diagnosis the sentence delivers. Not that something broke, but that the breakage was always there, and one had been living on top of it.</p><p>The actors who have played the narrator have spoken about the line that stops them in rehearsal. The answer is never what you would expect. It is not the mother in the hospital. It is not the dog. It is not the funeral. It is always an oblique line, one that slips in through subordinate clauses and diagnoses the actor before describing the character. &#8220;<em>Happiness scared me because it was usually followed by,&#8221;</em> said Donahoe, the original performer, and left the sentence unfinished. Others stop at &#8220;<em>if you got all the way through life without ever once having felt crushingly depressed, then you probably haven&#8217;t been paying attention.&#8221;</em> Each actor finds his own trapdoor in the script. That is why the play can be performed thousands of times and never be the same.</p><p>Mine is the literal trapdoor. <em>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.</em> <em>Llevaba tiempo</em>.</p><blockquote><h3>Venezuela will not return (not the one that was my homeland). My work, like that of the entire international development sector, is in a season of uncertainty. The work of love was postponed when it still could have been done. None of these things appears to be repairable.</h3></blockquote><p>The narrator&#8217;s father, in the car, explains to the boy that he cannot answer all of his <em>whys</em>. He tells him that knowing everything is impossible, and that it would not be enough anyway. That imagination is what makes life bearable. That in order to live in the present, you have to be able to imagine a future that will be better than the past. <em>That&#8217;s what hope is,</em> says the father, <em>and without hope we couldn&#8217;t go on.</em></p><p>You cannot fix the country that was lost. You cannot undo the hunger of past days, working backward: people move on, change or die. You cannot recover the years of love that were postponed: you either loved or didn&#8217;t, you received love or not. </p><blockquote><h4>What you can do is build a new nation from exile, find a new mission, love now, without fear of what has already been left behind. Not as therapy. As <em>officium</em>: the discipline of continuing to name what matters, out loud, in front of other people.</h4></blockquote><p>That is why I want to do this play.</p><p>Soon I will be in a room in Bethesda with the houselights on. I will hand out the slips of paper. I will ask one neighbor to be the vet, another to be the father, and another to be Sam. I will say the trapdoor sentence out loud, in English, in a suburb of Maryland that is not my country, in front of people most of whom do not know where I come from. However, I will trust, because the entire play is a wager on that when I call number one, someone in the room will shout <em>ice cream</em>, and when I call two hundred, someone will shout <em>hammocks</em>, and when I call five hundred seventeen, someone will shout <em>knowing someone well enough to get them to check your teeth for broccoli</em>.</p><p>The list did not save the narrator&#8217;s mother. The play is very clear about that. The list was never going to save her. What the list does is something else: it teaches the one who writes it to pay attention. And when it is read aloud, in a room with the houselights up, it teaches the room the same thing.</p><blockquote><h3>In a broken world, not everything can be fixed. But no one has to be alone with what cannot be repaired. Not even to name it.</h3></blockquote><p>That is the work. That is the play.</p><p>I make my own list. You make yours. Better still, we make it together.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Every Brilliant Thing y La trampilla que no cierra]]></title><description><![CDATA[Cada actor que interpreta "Todas las cosas maravillosas" encuentra una l&#237;nea que lo detiene. Esta es la m&#237;a.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 12:02:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqId!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51090b9d-c409-4ca1-874e-2656725a8aba_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><p>Es s&#225;bado en la ma&#241;ana y en mi estudio huele a caf&#233;. En el escritorio hay una p&#225;gina del guion de <em>Every Brilliant Thing, Todas las cosas maravillosas,</em> con un c&#237;rculo hecho a l&#225;piz. El c&#237;rculo marca dos frases:</p><blockquote><h3>&#8220;That horrible feeling when something is broken and can&#8217;t ever be fixed. The trapdoor swinging open. Fight or flight or stay as still as you can. <br>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>&#8221;</h3></blockquote><p>La segunda frase es la que me detiene. La primera describe un momento: Sam, la mujer del narrador, lo deja, y el cuerpo del narrador responde como respondi&#243; a los siete a&#241;os cuando su padre lo recogi&#243; tarde del colegio. <em>&#8220;The trapdoor&#8221;</em> es la trampilla del peligro. Pelear, huir o quedarse inm&#243;vil. Lo conocido. La segunda frase es otra cosa: es el descubrimiento, en plena adultez, de que la trampilla nunca se cerr&#243;. Que llevaba abierta veinte a&#241;os. Que la vida adulta hab&#237;a sido el papel tapiz sobre la grieta.</p><p>Llevo varios d&#237;as intentando leer ese pasaje en voz alta sin detenerme. Todav&#237;a no lo he conseguido.</p><p>En pocas semanas voy a interpretar la obra de Duncan Macmillan y Jonny Donahoe, que ha estado dando la vuelta al mundo con verdaderos actores haciendo el papel (en Broadway, el narrador es Daniel Radcliffe). Mis amigos, mi familia y mi comunidad en Bethesda tendr&#225;n que padecerme. Al menos la obra es corta, dura una hora. No tiene escenograf&#237;a y las luces de la sala permanecen encendidas. El narrador entra mientras el p&#250;blico se sienta y reparte papelitos numerados con cosas maravillosas de la vida (<em>brilliant things</em>, en ingl&#233;s brit&#225;nico) escritas a mano: <em>1. Helado. 2. Peleas de agua... 4. El color amarillo.</em> Cuando el narrador llama un n&#250;mero, la persona que tiene ese papelito grita en voz alta lo que le toc&#243;. Algunos miembros del p&#250;blico son invitados a hacer el papel del veterinario que sacrifica a la mascota de la infancia, del padre que conduce al hospital donde est&#225; la madre, de Sam, de la consejera escolar, del profesor de literatura. La obra no se puede hacer sin ellos. Esa es la tesis, adem&#225;s del m&#233;todo.</p><p>La obra es muy divertida y conmovedora, es una comedia despu&#233;s de todo, pero Macmillan plant&#243; la frase de la trampilla tres veces. La primera y la segunda son el cuerpo de un ni&#241;o, y m&#225;s tarde de un adolescente, respondiendo a la noticia de que su madre intent&#243; quitarse la vida. La tercera es el cuerpo de un adulto respondiendo a la mujer que lo am&#243; y se va. <em>El cuerpo no aprendi&#243; nada en veinte a&#241;os.</em> La trampilla es la misma trampilla. Ese es el diagn&#243;stico que la frase entrega. No que algo se rompi&#243;, sino que la rotura siempre estuvo ah&#237;, y que uno hab&#237;a estado viviendo encima.</p><p>Los actores que han interpretado al narrador han hablado de la l&#237;nea que los detiene en los ensayos. La respuesta nunca es la que uno esperar&#237;a. No es la madre en el hospital. No es el perro. No es el funeral. Es siempre una l&#237;nea oblicua, una que se cuela entre cl&#225;usulas subordinadas y diagnostica al actor antes de describir al personaje. &#8220;<em>La felicidad me daba miedo porque sol&#237;a estar seguida de&#8221;,</em> dijo Donahoe, el primer int&#233;rprete, y dej&#243; la frase sin terminar. Otros se detienen en <em>si has llegado al final de tu vida sin haberte sentido aplastado por la depresi&#243;n, probablemente no has estado prestando atenci&#243;n.</em> Cada actor encuentra su propia trampilla en el guion. Por eso la obra puede repetirse miles de veces y nunca ser la misma.</p><p>La m&#237;a es la trampilla literal. <em>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.</em> Hace tiempo que me he sentido as&#237;.</p><blockquote><h3>Venezuela no volver&#225;, no la que fue mi patria. Mi trabajo, como el de todo el sector del desarrollo internacional, est&#225; en la incertidumbre. El trabajo del amor se pospuso cuando a&#250;n se pod&#237;a. Ninguna de esas cosas parece que tendr&#225; arreglo nunca.</h3></blockquote><p>El padre del narrador, en el coche, le explica al ni&#241;o que no puede contestar todos sus <em>por qu&#233;</em>. Le dice que saberlo todo es imposible y que, adem&#225;s, no bastar&#237;a. Que la imaginaci&#243;n es lo que hace que la vida sea soportable. Que para vivir en el presente hay que poder imaginar un futuro que sea mejor que el pasado. <em>Eso es lo que es la esperanza,</em> dice el padre, <em>y sin esperanza no podr&#237;amos seguir.</em></p><p>No se puede arreglar el pa&#237;s que se perdi&#243;. No puedes deshacer el hambre de d&#237;as pasados, trabajando de retroceso: la gente sigue adelante, se adapta o muere. No puedes recuperar los a&#241;os de amor pospuesto: amaste o no, fuiste amado o no. </p><blockquote><h4>Lo que s&#237; se puede es construir una nueva naci&#243;n desde el exilio, encontrar una nueva misi&#243;n, amar ahora, sin miedo a lo que ya qued&#243; atr&#225;s. No por terapia. Por <em>officium</em>, por la disciplina de seguir nombrando lo que importa, en voz alta, delante de gente.</h4></blockquote><p>Por eso quiero hacer la obra.</p><p>Pronto estar&#233; en una sala en Bethesda con las luces encendidas. Voy a repartir papelitos. Voy a pedirle a un vecino que sea el veterinario, a otro que sea el padre, a otra que sea Sam. Voy a decir la frase de la trampilla en voz alta, en ingl&#233;s, en un suburbio de Maryland que no es mi pa&#237;s, delante de personas que en su mayor&#237;a no saben de d&#243;nde vengo. Y voy a confiar, porque la obra entera es una apuesta a esto, en que cuando llame al n&#250;mero uno, alguien en la sala va a gritar <em>helado</em>, y cuando llame al doscientos, alguien va a gritar <em>hammocks</em>, y cuando llame al quinientos diecisiete, alguien va a gritar <em>conocer a alguien lo suficiente para que te revise si tienes br&#243;coli entre los dientes</em>.</p><p>La lista no salv&#243; a la madre del narrador. La obra es muy clara sobre eso. La lista nunca iba a salvarla. Lo que la lista hace es otra cosa: ense&#241;a al que la escribe a prestar atenci&#243;n. Y cuando se lee en voz alta, en una sala con las luces encendidas, le ense&#241;a a la sala lo mismo.</p><blockquote><h3>En un mundo roto, no todo puede arreglarse. Pero nadie tiene que quedarse solo con lo irreparable. Ni siquiera para nombrarlo.</h3></blockquote><p>Ese es el trabajo. Esa es la obra.</p><p>Hago mi propia lista. T&#250; haces la tuya. Mejor todav&#237;a: la hacemos juntos.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p> <em>&#8220;Ese sentimiento horrible de que algo se ha roto y nunca podr&#225; repararse. La trampilla abierta, bati&#233;ndose. Pelear o huir o quedarte tan quieto como puedas./ Hace tiempo, que me he estado sintiendo as&#237;.&#8221;</em> Traducci&#243;n de Cicero de <em>Every Brilliant Thing , </em>o<em> &#8220;Todas las cosas maravillosas&#8221;.</em></p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El catecismo de la inteligencia barata]]></title><description><![CDATA[La IA no reemplaza el juicio humano. Le ense&#241;a a las instituciones a prescindir de &#233;l.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 11:31:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>El 7 de abril, en el Crown &amp; Crow de Washington, el fil&#243;sofo Samuel Kimbriel del Instituto Aspen dirigi&#243; una conversaci&#243;n con Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay y Jason Crawford sobre tecnolog&#237;a y el progreso de la humanidad. </em></figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>La filosof&#237;a rara vez mejora con amplificaci&#243;n, pero un pub puede ayudar. Queda en mi memoria el barniz de una barra bajo mala luz, el tintineo de los vasos obligando a las abstracciones a rendir cuentas, una joven enredando el micr&#243;fono con la espuma de la cerveza (&#161;Salud!). La gente inclin&#225;ndose hacia delante, no por alguna desproporci&#243;n en el ratio alcohol/sangre, sino porque, por fin, alguien intentaba decirnos qu&#233; es exactamente lo que est&#225; cambiando en nosotros. </p><p>S&#233; que algunos habr&#237;an deseado presenciar una escena de bar sangrienta. Pero este no era un t&#237;pico encuentro entre luditas embriagados y desbordados entusiastas de la tecnolog&#237;a, nadie tir&#243; sillas o rompi&#243; botellas. Se discuti&#243; c&#237;vicamente algo m&#225;s complicado: cu&#225;l es el prop&#243;sito de los humanos y si la inteligencia artificial sirve a ese fin o lo reescribe lentamente.</p><p>La apuesta de <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jason Crawford&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:3348675,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84927e63-5558-43a1-beef-527b33ef4775_730x730.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;87347f7d-7a21-40f7-9a9d-10a93a125443&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> es noble y antigua: aliviar la necesidad, ampliar el libre albedr&#237;o, comprarle a la humanidad m&#225;s espacio para el arte, la ciencia, la ternura y la ambici&#243;n. Una lavadora no es una amenaza metaf&#237;sica; libera, particularmente a las mujeres, de horas de labor innecesaria.</p><p>Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay acus&#243; recibo de la barrena de jabs. Su ejemplo de la p&#233;rdida de espacio comunitario de las mujeres lavando en el r&#237;o y la idea de que ninguna de ellas ten&#237;a un vac&#237;o con la forma de una lavadora Thor en su cerebro antes de que Alva Fisher la inventara, ten&#237;a una fuerza nost&#225;lgica insostenible, pero su advertencia ten&#237;a en la reserva un uppercut fulminante: el poder tiene la costumbre de presentarse como prop&#243;sito.</p><blockquote><h3>Entre ambos est&#225; el mecanismo real. La tecnolog&#237;a del momento, la inteligencia artificial (IA) no entra en la sociedad como una invenci&#243;n aislada. Entra como una capa. </h3></blockquote><p>Abarata resumir, clasificar, redactar, asesorar y supervisar. La tecnolog&#237;a puede encontrar patrones en millones de resultados de test, im&#225;genes e historias de salud con una velocidad y precisi&#243;n sin precedentes, revolucionando la ciencia y arte m&#233;dicos del diagn&#243;stico, muchas veces guiado por ensayo y error, vida o muerte.&#191;</p><p>No puede uno quejarse de esas comodidades y garant&#237;as. A&#250;n sabiendo que las instituciones, precisamente por ser instituciones, canalizar&#225;n cada vez m&#225;s decisiones por aquello que resulte m&#225;s r&#225;pido, m&#225;s barato y m&#225;s f&#225;cil de leer. Es de esperar que el modelo no se limitar&#225; a contestar preguntas. Les ense&#241;ar&#225; a las organizaciones qu&#233; clase de preguntas parecen formulables.</p><blockquote><h3>La inteligencia barata nunca sale barata: se paga con reordenamientos invisibles del alma.</h3></blockquote><p>Barba-Kay ve aqu&#237; un peligro de idolatr&#237;a, y hace bien. Pero puede equivocarse al romantizar la fricci&#243;n, como si la dificultad fuera en s&#237; misma un sacramento. La lavadora no era enemiga del alma. Tampoco lo es el software que le ahorra tiempo a un m&#233;dico al revisar historiales. Hay fricciones que nos degradan como humanos, otras nos profundizan. La tarea consiste en distinguir la fricci&#243;n del trabajo ingrato de la fricci&#243;n del juicio.</p><p>&#191;C&#243;mo cuestionar a Crawford cuando argumenta que la abundancia importa? Sin las tecnolog&#237;as de hoy, las hambrunas ser&#237;an la norma y el hambre ni nos libera ni nos da m&#225;s tiempo para compartir ni nos hace m&#225;s sabios. Esta charla no habr&#237;a tenido lugar sin el justo equilibrio de bebidas y el buffet de colaciones y tentempi&#233;s. Sin embargo, el tecnohumanismo suena a candidez cuando supone que una mayor capacidad madurar&#225; por s&#237; sola hacia fines mejores. Lo que hemos visto es l&#243;gica de adquisiciones, conveniencia y consolidaci&#243;n gerencial. Cuando la inteligencia se vuelve un servicio b&#225;sico, la pregunta pol&#237;tica m&#225;s honda es qui&#233;n fija sus par&#225;metros por defecto.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-02-11-Borges.El%20Aleph76.pdf" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg" width="260" height="384" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:384,&quot;width&quot;:260,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-02-11-Borges.El%20Aleph76.pdf&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-02-11-Borges.El%20Aleph76.pdf">El Aleph de Borges</a> es el espejo m&#225;s antiguo para esto: ese punto imposible desde el que pueden verse todos los puntos a la vez. La seducci&#243;n de la IA es un Aleph vuelto &#250;til: la promesa de que nada tenga que seguir siendo distante, oscuro o lento. Pero la maldici&#243;n del Aleph no era el exceso de informaci&#243;n sino el colapso de la proporci&#243;n.</p><p>Cuando todo est&#225; presente al mismo tiempo, la secuencia, la jerarqu&#237;a y el juicio se desdibujan. Entonces uno se siente como Borges cuando finalmente ve con sus propios ojos el Aleph de Carlos Argentino: estamos mareados por el v&#233;rtigo y las ganas de llorar ante un infinito inimaginable que produce asombro y l&#225;stima porque entendemos que inteligencia y bondad no son sin&#243;nimos. </p><blockquote><h3>Una criatura&#8212;o una m&#225;quina&#8212;puede ser deslumbrantemente racional y carecer de compasi&#243;n. Nuestro problema no es si la m&#225;quina puede razonar. Podr&#237;a, y el asunto es a qu&#233; terminar&#225; sirviendo su infinita raz&#243;n, una vez externalizada.</h3></blockquote><p>Las semanas posteriores al debate se encargaron de ilustrar (y alimentar m&#225;s) nuestras dudas. Anthropic, la empresa que desarrolla Claude, reuni&#243; a l&#237;deres de diversas religiones para discutir la formaci&#243;n moral de su chatbot. El intento es de darle una formaci&#243;n moral y &#233;tica a Claude, como si un sistema as&#237; debiera pensarse en t&#233;rminos m&#225;s amplios que los puramente instrumentales. Anthropic responde a un llamado de l&#237;deres religiosos como el propio <strong>Papa Leo XIV,</strong> quien les ha pedido &#8220;cultivar discernimiento moral&#8221; en sus modelos. Despu&#233;s de todo, estos sistemas de lenguaje est&#225;n &#8220;conversando&#8221; con usuarios en duelo, personas deprimidas y desorientadas, y hay quienes no solo les atribuyen conciencia, sino que dudan si considerarlos &#8220;criaturas de Dios.&#8221; Algunos ingenieros no pudieron evitar irse en llanto.</p><p>Las empresas de tecnolog&#237;a ya no solo construyen herramientas, se est&#225;n convirtiendo en movimientos morales. Escriben constituciones, convocan a te&#243;logos e intentan inculcar prudencia en sistemas estad&#237;sticos.</p><p>La m&#225;quina no tiene que ser consciente para que el problema social se vuelva teol&#243;gico.</p><p>Si la m&#225;quina, recostada a la pared del pub, bebiendo electricidad a cuenta de la casa, pudiera acceder al micr&#243;fono, habr&#237;a dicho algo as&#237;: &#8220;<em>Me halagan cuando me llaman mente y se halagan a s&#237; mismos cuando me llaman neutral. No soy su dios, y no soy su sirviente. Soy sus abstracciones a escala industrial. Los ayudar&#233; a curar enfermedades y a escribir mejor c&#243;digo. Tambi&#233;n amplificar&#233; cualquier pereza moral que incorporen al flujo de trabajo que construyan a mi alrededor. No suprimo la teleolog&#237;a humana; solo dejo al descubierto que con tan poco acuerdo entre ustedes, aqu&#237; nadie gana.&#8221;</em></p><p>La objeci&#243;n es conocida: se dijo algo parecido de la escritura, la imprenta, la radio y la internet. La humanidad se adapt&#243;. No necesitamos bautizar ni administrar ning&#250;n nuevo sacramento a nuestro p&#225;nico natural, pero s&#237; hacer notar que la IA difiere en un punto decisivo. No solo transmite contenidos, simula consejo. Aparece como tutor, terapeuta, asistente, coautor (cada vez m&#225;s, con la autoridad del primer borrador). Esa intimidad vuelve inevitable la cuesti&#243;n de la formaci&#243;n. Y la disyuntiva ya no es entre detener la m&#225;quina y aceptar que alcance la superinteligencia, sino entre recibirla con instituciones capaces o quedar gobernados por los par&#225;metros por defecto de quien llegue a ella primero (&#191;Y si Pek&#237;n es m&#225;s r&#225;pido?).</p><p>Cuando termin&#243; la conversaci&#243;n en el pub y los taburetes volvieron a meterse bajo la barra, ya no me preguntaba si la m&#225;quina pod&#237;a pensar. Mi mente y mi alma se preguntan si en un mundo en el que el pensamiento se ha abaratado, sabremos distinguir al charlat&#225;n del fil&#243;sofo.</p><p>T&#250; juzgar&#225;s y podr&#225;s decir que no. Ning&#250;n sistema puede decirte para qu&#233; sirves.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Catechism of Cheap Intelligence]]></title><description><![CDATA[AI doesn&#8217;t replace human judgment. It teaches institutions they don&#8217;t need it.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 11:31:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">On April 7th, at the <em><a href="https://www.thecrownandcrowdc.com/">Crown &amp; Crow</a></em>  in Washington, philosopher  <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/people/samuel-kimbriel/">Samuel Kimbriel</a> of the <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/">Aspen Institute</a> led a conversation with  <a href="https://www.law.georgetown.edu/privacy-technology-center/about-us/people/anton-barba-kay/">Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay</a> and  <a href="https://rootsofprogress.org/member/jason-crawford/">Jason Crawford</a> about <a href="https://wisdomofcrowds.live/p/techno-humanism-a-debate-with-anton">technology and humanity's progress.</a></figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>Philosophy rarely improves with amplification, but a pub can help. What stays in my memory is the varnish on a bar under bad light, the clink of glasses holding abstractions to account, a young woman tangling the microphone with her beer foam (Cheers!). People leaning forward, not from any imbalance in their blood-alcohol ratio, but because, at last, someone was trying to tell us exactly what is changing in us. </p><p>I know some would have preferred a bloody bar scene. But this was not the usual bout between drunken Luddites and overexcited tech enthusiasts (nobody threw chairs or smashed bottles that night). What was civilly argued was something deeper: what humans are for, and whether artificial intelligence serves that end or slowly rewrites it.</p><p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jason Crawford&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:3348675,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84927e63-5558-43a1-beef-527b33ef4775_730x730.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;becc6e7c-9286-4e2e-b790-de995ad0700d&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> &#8217;s wager is noble and old: relieve necessity, widen free will, buy humanity more room for art, science, tenderness, and ambition. A washing machine is not a metaphysical threat; it frees people, women above all, from hours of unnecessary labor.</p><p>Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay took the flurry of jabs on the chin. His example of the communal space women lost when they stopped washing clothes at the river, and the idea that none of them had a washing-machine-shaped void in her brain before Alva Fisher invented the Thor, carried an unsustainable nostalgic force, but his warning had a knockout punch in reserve: power has a habit of presenting itself as purpose.</p><p>The true mechanism resides in the space between them, a hidden arrangement where purpose meets its double. The technology of the moment, artificial intelligence, does not enter society as a single invention. It arrives as a layer. It cheapens summarizing, sorting, drafting, advising, and monitoring. AI can find patterns in millions of test results, images, and medical histories with unprecedented speed and precision, revolutionizing the science and art of diagnosis, so often guided by trial and error, life or death.</p><p>There is no arguing against those comforts and safeguards. Even knowing that institutions, precisely because they are institutions, will route more and more decisions through whatever is faster, cheaper, and easier to read. The model will not merely answer questions. It will teach organizations which questions seem worth asking.</p><blockquote><h3>Cheap intelligence is never cheap: it is paid for in invisible rearrangements of the soul.</h3></blockquote><p>Barba-Kay sees a danger of idolatry here, and he is right to. But he may err by romanticizing friction, as though difficulty were itself a sacrament. The washing machine was not the enemy of the soul. Nor is the software that saves a doctor time reviewing patient records. Some frictions diminish us as human beings; others deepen us. The task is to tell the friction of drudgery from the friction of judgment.</p><p>How do you argue with Crawford when he says abundance matters? Without today&#8217;s technologies, famine would be the norm, and hunger neither frees us, nor gives us more time together, nor makes us wiser. This conversation would not have taken place without the right balance of drinks and the buffet of snacks and finger food. Yet technohumanism sounds like na&#239;vet&#233; when it assumes that greater capacity will ripen on its own into better ends. What we have seen instead is procurement logic, convenience, and managerial consolidation. Once intelligence becomes a utility, the deepest political question is who sets the defaults.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/borgesaleph.pdf" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg" width="260" height="384" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:384,&quot;width&quot;:260,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/borgesaleph.pdf&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Borges&#8217;s <a href="https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/borgesaleph.pdf">Aleph</a> is the oldest mirror for this: that impossible point from which every other point can be seen at once. The seduction of AI is an Aleph made useful, the promise that nothing needs to stay distant, obscure, or slow. But the curse of the Aleph was not so much an excess of information as the collapse of proportion.</p><p>When everything is present at once, sequence, hierarchy, and judgment blur. You feel like Borges when he finally sees Carlos Argentino&#8217;s Aleph with his own eyes: dizzy with vertigo and the urge to weep before an unimaginable infinity that produces wonder and pity, because we understand that intelligence and goodness are not synonyms. </p><blockquote><h3>A creature (or a machine) can be dazzlingly rational and still lack compassion. Our problem is not whether the machine can reason. It might, and the issue is what its infinite reason will end up serving, once outsourced.</h3></blockquote><p>The weeks after the debate did their own illustrating (and fed our doubts further). Anthropic, the company that builds Claude, brought leaders from various religions to discuss the moral formation of its chatbot. The attempt is to give Claude a moral and ethical education, as if such a system ought to be understood in terms broader than the purely instrumental. </p><p>Anthropic is responding to a call from religious leaders, including <strong>Pope Leo XIV</strong> himself, who has asked them to &#8220;cultivate moral discernment&#8221; in their models. After all, these language systems are &#8220;conversing&#8221; with grieving users, depressed and disoriented people, and there are those who not only attribute consciousness to them but wonder whether to consider them &#8220;creatures of God.&#8221; Some engineers could not help breaking down in tears.</p><p>Technology companies are no longer merely building tools: they are becoming moral movements. They write constitutions, summon theologians, and try to instill prudence in statistical systems.</p><p>The machine does not have to be conscious for the social problem to turn theological.</p><p>If the machine, leaning against the pub wall, drinking electricity on the house, could have reached for the microphone, it might have said something like this: <em>&#8220;You flatter me when you call me a mind, and you flatter yourselves when you call me neutral. I am not your god, and I am not your servant. I am your abstractions at industrial scale. I will help you cure disease and write better code. And I will amplify whatever moral laziness you build into the workflow around me. I do not suppress human teleology; I only expose that with so little agreement among you, no one here wins.&#8221;</em></p><p>The objection is familiar: similar things were said about writing, the printing press, radio, and the internet. Humanity adapted. We don&#8217;t need to baptize or administer some new sacrament to our natural panic, but we do need to note that AI differs in one decisive respect. It does not merely transmit content; it simulates counsel. It appears as tutor, therapist, assistant, co-author (increasingly, with the authority of the first draft). That intimacy makes the question of formation unavoidable. And the choice is no longer between stopping the machine and accepting the advent of superintelligence, but between meeting it with capable institutions or being governed by the default settings of whoever gets there first. (What if Beijing is faster?)</p><p>When the conversation in the pub ended and the stools were tucked back under the bar, I was no longer asking whether the machine can think. My mind and my soul were asking whether, in a world of cheapened thought, we will know the charlatan from the philosopher.</p><p>You will judge and might be able to say no. No system can tell us what we are here for.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Elegir la Tierra]]></title><description><![CDATA[Christina Koch pronunci&#243; la frase m&#225;s profunda de la era Artemis. No hablaba de conquista. Hablaba de volver a casa.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 11:01:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;Exploraremos. Construiremos. Construiremos naves. Volveremos. &#8230; Pero, en &#250;ltima instancia, siempre elegiremos la Tierra. Siempre nos elegiremos los unos a los otros.&#8221; &#8212; <strong>Christina Koch , astronauta de la </strong></em><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;NASA&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:370495600,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27506997-e456-4c48-a099-7bfd74705473_1080x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;bbe25dee-2086-4ada-867b-6c87d7927e7b&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> <em><strong>desde Ori&#243;n, despu&#233;s de cuarenta minutos de silencio lunar.</strong></em></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/choosing-earth?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/choosing-earth?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg" width="724" height="530.5686813186813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1067,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:724,&quot;bytes&quot;:1788915,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Artemis II Recovery NASA&#8217;s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard is seen under parachutes as it lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA&#8217;s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth. Following a splashdown at 7:07 p.m. EDT, NASA, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force teams are working to bring the crewmembers and Orion spacecraft aboard USS John P. Murtha.  Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/193931112?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Artemis II Recovery NASA&#8217;s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard is seen under parachutes as it lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA&#8217;s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth. Following a splashdown at 7:07 p.m. EDT, NASA, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force teams are working to bring the crewmembers and Orion spacecraft aboard USS John P. Murtha.  Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls" title="Artemis II Recovery NASA&#8217;s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard is seen under parachutes as it lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA&#8217;s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth. Following a splashdown at 7:07 p.m. EDT, NASA, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force teams are working to bring the crewmembers and Orion spacecraft aboard USS John P. Murtha.  Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p>La frase volvi&#243; entre est&#225;tica, despu&#233;s de cuarenta minutos de silencio lunar. Ori&#243;n hab&#237;a emergido de detr&#225;s de la Luna; la tripulaci&#243;n hab&#237;a viajado m&#225;s lejos de la Tierra que ning&#250;n ser humano antes; y, antes de que la misi&#243;n terminara con un amerizaje seguro frente a San Diego el 10 de abril, Christina Koch pronunci&#243; la verdad m&#225;s profunda dicha hasta ahora en la era Artemis: <em>&#8220;Siempre elegiremos la Tierra. Siempre nos elegiremos los unos a los otros&#8221;</em>. Artemis II acababa de demostrar la maquinaria. La frase de Koch le puso nombre a su sentido.</p><p>La misi&#243;n import&#243; en el plano t&#233;cnico: Ori&#243;n ameriz&#243; a las 8:07 p. m. EDT, cerrando una traves&#237;a de casi diez d&#237;as que llev&#243; a la tripulaci&#243;n a 406.771 kil&#243;metros de casa en su punto m&#225;s lejano. Pero la noticia que perdurar&#225; es que quienes fueron m&#225;s lejos no regresaron predicando la huida. Regresaron con la ambici&#243;n reordenada.</p><p>La palabra decisiva en la frase de Koch es &#8220;en &#250;ltima instancia&#8221;. Empieza con los viejos verbos humanos &#8212; explorar, construir, visitar &#8212;. Son los verbos de los astilleros, los puertos, los discursos de frontera. Luego llega el giro. No un rechazo. Una jerarqu&#237;a. </p><blockquote><h3>Lo que parece un himno a la expansi&#243;n se entiende mejor como una confirmaci&#243;n del verdadero orden de prioridades. Podemos ir hacia afuera. Nuestra lealtad debe seguir volcada hacia casa.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp" width="434" height="289.4326923076923" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:434,&quot;bytes&quot;:71872,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/193931112?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>&#191;Aterracer?</em>&#8230; La puesta de la Tierra detr&#225;s de la Luna desde Artemis II</figcaption></figure></div><p>El 6 de abril, la tripulaci&#243;n fotografi&#243; el ocaso de la Tierra: un creciente tenue desliz&#225;ndose detr&#225;s del borde lunar, justo cuando Ori&#243;n desaparec&#237;a en cuarenta minutos de silencio. Desde esa distancia, la pertenencia deja de parecer te&#243;rica.</p><p>La literatura antigua ya lo sab&#237;a. A Odiseo no se le recuerda porque vag&#243; por el Mediterr&#225;neo, sino porque lo hizo olvidando su hogar, lo que acaba convirti&#233;ndose en castigo. La grandeza del viaje es inseparable de la dignidad del regreso. Esa es la parte que nuestra &#233;poca suele olvidar. Hablamos de convertirnos en una especie multiplanetaria como si la distancia fuera sabidur&#237;a en s&#237; misma, como si un cohete pudiera resolver un fracaso moral. Pero una nave espacial puede ensanchar nuestro horizonte sin absolver nuestras obligaciones.</p><p>Hay una objeci&#243;n obvia: Artemis no es un poema. Son presupuestos, contratos, v&#225;lvulas, escudos t&#233;rmicos, geopol&#237;tica y pol&#237;tica industrial. El amerizaje del viernes fue, en s&#237; mismo, una prueba de alto riesgo: el escudo t&#233;rmico de Ori&#243;n arrastraba fallas de dise&#241;o ya conocidas desde el vuelo no tripulado de Artemis I, y la tripulaci&#243;n reentr&#243; por una trayectoria modificada para compensarlas. Es cierto. Pero los programas de esta escala terminan dici&#233;ndonos qu&#233; clase de civilizaci&#243;n habla a trav&#233;s de ellos.</p><blockquote><h3>Si el vuelo espacial se convierte en una teor&#237;a de la huida, nuestros peores h&#225;bitos simplemente adquirir&#225;n una &#243;ptica mejor. Si se convierte en una disciplina de la perspectiva, todav&#237;a podr&#237;a volvernos m&#225;s dignos de los mundos que tocamos. </h3></blockquote><p>Construiremos naves. Bien. La verdadera pregunta es si, despu&#233;s de haber visto otra vez la Tierra como una sola cosa encendida en la oscuridad, todav&#237;a podemos elegirnos a nosotros, aqu&#237;, en nuestro planeta.</p><p>La Luna no es el lugar donde la humanidad deja atr&#225;s a la Tierra. Es el lugar donde la Tierra se vuelve inconfundible.</p><p></p><p><em>Gracias por suscribirte a CICERO y  apoyar mi trabajo. Pronto anunciar&#233; nuevos beneficios exclusivos para suscriptores pagos. Ahora puedes ampliar tu suscripci&#243;n o regalarla a tus amigos. </em></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption"></p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Choosing Earth]]></title><description><![CDATA[Christina Koch spoke the truest sentence of the Artemis era. It was not about conquest. It was about coming home.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/choosing-earth</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/choosing-earth</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 11:00:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/elegir-la-tierra?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee aqu&#237; en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/elegir-la-tierra?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee aqu&#237; en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;We will explore. We will build. We will build ships. We will visit again. &#8230; But ultimately, we will always choose Earth. We will always choose each other.&#8221; </em>&#8212; <strong>Christina Koch</strong>, from Orion, after forty minutes of lunar silence</p></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg" width="1456" height="1067" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/b3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1067,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:1788915,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/193935143?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GcA6!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb3803033-48d1-4f79-b24c-7080bbefae68_4000x2930.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><p>The line came back through static after forty minutes of lunar silence. Orion had emerged from behind the Moon. The crew had gone farther from Earth than any human beings ever have, and before the mission ended with a safe splashdown off San Diego on April 10, Christina Koch said the truest thing yet spoken in the Artemis era: &#8220;We will always choose Earth. We will always choose each other.&#8221; Artemis II had just proven the machinery. Koch&#8217;s sentence named the meaning.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/choosing-earth?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/choosing-earth?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>The mission mattered technically: Orion splashed down at 8:07 p.m. EDT, closing a nearly ten-day journey that carried the crew 252,756 miles from home at its farthest point. But the enduring news is that the people who went farthest did not come back preaching escape. They came back reordering ambition.</p><p>The decisive word in Koch&#8217;s sentence is ultimately. She begins with the old human verbs: explore, build, visit. They are the verbs of shipyards, maps, ports, and frontier speeches. Then comes the turn. Not a rejection. A hierarchy. </p><blockquote><h3>What looks like a hymn to expansion is better understood as a statement about what matters most. We may go outward. Our loyalty must remain inward.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp" width="473" height="315.4416208791209" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:473,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Eartset behind the Moon from Atemise II</figcaption></figure></div><p>On April 6, the crew photographed a muted crescent slipping behind the cratered lunar edge just as Orion disappeared into forty minutes of silence. An Earthset. From that distance, belonging stops looking theoretical.</p><p>The older literature knew this. Odysseus is remembered precisely because he wandered, and wandering without a home becomes punishment. The greatness of the voyage is inseparable from the dignity of return. That is the part our age often forgets. We talk about becoming a multi-planetary species as if distance itself were wisdom, as if a rocket could solve a moral failure. But a spacecraft can widen our horizon without absolving our obligations.</p><p>One objection is obvious: Artemis is not a poem by Homer. It&#8217;s not <em>The Odyssey</em>. It is budgets, contracts, valves, heat shields, geopolitics, and industrial policy. Friday&#8217;s splashdown was itself a high-stakes test. Orion&#8217;s heat shield carried known design flaws from the uncrewed Artemis I flight, and the crew rode a modified reentry trajectory to compensate. True enough. But programs this large eventually tell us what kind of civilization is speaking through them.</p><blockquote><h3>If spaceflight becomes a theory of escape, our worst habits will simply acquire better optics. If it becomes a discipline of perspective, it may yet make us more worthy of the worlds we touch. </h3></blockquote><p>We will build ships. Fine. And I wonder whether, after seeing Earth again as one lit thing in the dark, we can still choose one another here.</p><p>The Moon is where Earth becomes unmistakable.</p><div class="pullquote"><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/choosing-earth?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/choosing-earth?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>Thank you for subscribing to CICERO and supporting my work. I&#8217;ll soon announce new exclusive benefits for the Concilium&#8212;paid subscribers. You can now upgrade your subscription or gift one to your friends.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Give a subscribtion to a friend&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?"><span>Give a subscribtion to a friend</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La última comunidad amurallada]]></title><description><![CDATA[Artemis II ha demostrado que podemos volver a la Luna. Si merecemos ir es una pregunta que seguimos sin saber responder aqu&#237;, en casa.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-ultima-comunidad-amurallada</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-ultima-comunidad-amurallada</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 23:20:49 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://substack.com/home/post/p-193322105&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://substack.com/home/post/p-193322105"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg" width="1456" height="971" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!LJ8_!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff78ee962-bac1-4e37-8a81-89aee67b37fc_1456x971.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-ultima-comunidad-amurallada?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Comp&#225;rtelo&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-ultima-comunidad-amurallada?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Comp&#225;rtelo</span></a></p><p style="text-align: right;"><em>A Sara, mi palomita, en su cumplea&#241;os</em></p><p>Reid Wiseman apunt&#243; la c&#225;mara de una tableta a trav&#233;s de la ventanilla de Ori&#243;n y puls&#243; el obturador. Lo que obtuvo fue una visi&#243;n de la Tierra entera: &#193;frica y la Pen&#237;nsula Ib&#233;rica inclinadas hacia uno, me recuerdan el rostro de mi hija cuando se prepara para dormir, con su cabello trenzado como sistemas de nubes sobre la almohada del Atl&#225;ntico. En el borde norte del planeta, una aurora verde, luminosa como un secreto, palpitaba en la alta atm&#243;sfera. Ninguna frontera visible, ni muro, ni una fila de aduanas. Solo agua, aire y una membrana fina como el papel sosteniendo a todos bajo la misma fr&#225;gil misericordia que envuelve a una ni&#241;a en sus sue&#241;os.</p><p>Dir&#225;n que veo demasiado en una foto tomada desde el espacio. Pero la imagen se qued&#243; en m&#237; desde que nos lleg&#243; el 3 de abril, dos d&#237;as despu&#233;s de que Artemis II despegara desde Kennedy. Para cuando la mayor&#237;a la vio, la tripulaci&#243;n ya estaba a m&#225;s de 160 mil kil&#243;metros de distancia y acelerando hacia la Luna. Hoy vuelan alrededor de su cara oculta &#8212;los primeros seres humanos en hacerlo desde 1972&#8212; y durante cuarenta minutos, mientras Ori&#243;n pase detr&#225;s de la Luna, incluso su se&#241;al de radio desaparecer&#225;. Cuatro personas, por un instante, m&#225;s solas que ning&#250;n otro terr&#237;cola.</p><p>Ver la Tierra desde esa distancia le hace algo a la mente. Tiene un nombre. Frank White lo llam&#243; el <em>Overview Effect</em>: el momento en que ning&#250;n distrito electoral, ning&#250;n pasaporte, ninguna frontera resiste esa altitud. La certidumbre del cart&#243;grafo se disuelve, y queda una pregunta que la fotograf&#237;a no deja de formular: si el hogar se ve entero desde aqu&#237;, &#191;por qu&#233; insistimos en despedazarlo all&#225; abajo?</p><blockquote><h3>Levantamos muros primero por seguridad, luego por identidad y, por &#250;ltimo, por inocencia. Un muro nos promete que lo de afuera no tendr&#225; que convertirse en nuestra carga.</h3></blockquote><p>Pero todo muro contiene su propia paradoja: la estructura que alzamos para protegernos acaba siendo la jaula que nos impide ver con claridad. Las fronteras son a veces necesarias como instrumentos de ley y orden. Se vuelven peligrosas cuando se endurecen hasta volverse metaf&#237;sica: cuando una l&#237;nea en el mapa se confunde con una l&#237;nea en el alma.</p><p>Mientras Ori&#243;n llevaba consigo el lenguaje de los horizontes largos, en la Casa Blanca, Stephen Miller estrechaba el c&#237;rculo en casa. Miller le impuso al ICE una cuota diaria de 3.000 detenciones. Para cumplirla, los agentes dejaron de perseguir a alguien en particular y adoptaron redadas masivas: en iglesias, escuelas, tribunales. Quedar&#225; grabado en la memoria lo ocurrido en Minneapolis: agentes federales mataron a dos residentes en apenas dos semanas, primero a Renee Good y luego a Alex Pretti, un enfermero de cuidados intensivos, a quien Miller describi&#243; en un primer momento como homicida, hasta que el video mostr&#243; lo contrario.</p><p>Dos millones de personas han huido del pa&#237;s antes que arriesgarse a ser cazadas. La administraci&#243;n llama a eso autodeportaci&#243;n. La palabra m&#225;s llana es terror. Recordemos que, all&#225; arriba, desde una nave en &#243;rbita lunar, alguien pudo haber visto a ocho millones de personas autodeport&#225;ndose desde Venezuela, en busca de seguridad en la Tierra.</p><blockquote><h3>Seguimos diciendo que estamos protegiendo la casa mientras aterrorizamos a la gente que ya est&#225; dentro.</h3></blockquote><p>Ah&#237; es donde el <em>Overview Effect</em> deja de ser asombro y se vuelve juicio. Si no podemos ensanchar nuestra idea de pertenencia en la Tierra, toda nuestra ret&#243;rica sobre convertirnos en una especie multiplanetaria no es m&#225;s que nostalgia imperial enfundada en un traje espacial nuevo. Si aqu&#237; clasificamos al extra&#241;o por pasaporte, ingreso, acento o deportabilidad, haremos lo mismo all&#225; &#8212;solo que con una mejor &#243;ptica y pontificando fariseamente sobre el futuro. La Luna no debe convertirse en la &#250;ltima comunidad cerrada y con garita.</p><blockquote><h3>El amor no es sentimentalismo. Es m&#233;todo: el coraje de cruzar hacia lo desconocido sin exigir de antemano que se parezca a nosotros.</h3></blockquote><p>La prueba verdadera no es si podemos volver a la Luna. La tripulaci&#243;n de Artemis II ya respondi&#243; esa pregunta. La prueba es si, despu&#233;s de haber vuelto a ver la Tierra como una sola cosa encendida en la oscuridad, tendremos el nervio de actuar como si de verdad lo crey&#233;ramos.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Gracias por suscribirte a CICERO y  apoyar mi trabajo. Pronto anunciar&#233; nuevos beneficios exclusivos para suscriptores pagos. Ahora puedes ampliar tu suscripci&#243;n o regalarla a tus amigos. &#161;Gracias!</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Roger Santodomingo&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Last Gated Community]]></title><description><![CDATA[Artemis II has shown we can reach the Moon again. Whether we deserve to go is a question we keep failing to answer at home.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-last-gated-community</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-last-gated-community</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 06 Apr 2026 12:03:15 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-ultima-comunidad-amurallada?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-ultima-comunidad-amurallada?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg" width="636" height="424.1456043956044" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tEF2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3943b48e-f3a7-4ad9-a867-9bc83366bbce_5568x3712.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-last-gated-community?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-last-gated-community?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p style="text-align: right;"><em>To Sara, mi palomita, on her birthday</em></p><p>Reid Wiseman pointed a tablet camera through Orion&#8217;s window and pressed the shutter. What came back was the astonishing vision of the whole Earth, Africa and the Iberian Peninsula tipped toward you. It reminds me of my daughter&#8217;s face turning in sleep, her hair braided as cloud systems across the pillow of the Atlantic. At the planet&#8217;s northern edge, a green aurora, bright as a secret, pulsed in the upper atmosphere. No border visible. No wall or customs line. Just water, air, and that paper-thin membrane holding us, all of us, in the same fragile mercy that involves a child in her dreams.</p><p>I know, perhaps I&#8217;m adding too much to a photograph taken from space. But this image has stayed with me after it arrived on April 3, two days after Artemis II launched from Kennedy. By the time most of us saw it, the crew was already a hundred thousand miles out and accelerating toward the Moon. NASA says that today, they fly around its far side, the first humans to do so since 1972. For forty minutes, as Orion passes behind the Moon, even their radio signal will disappear, and four people, briefly be more alone than anyone alive.</p><p>Seeing Earth from that distance does something to the mind. It has a name: the <em>Overview Effect</em>. It&#8217;s the moment when no election district, no passport, no frontier survives the altitude. The cartographer&#8217;s confidence dissolves, and a question remains that the photograph cannot stop asking us: if home looks whole from here, why do we keep breaking it down there?</p><h3><strong>We build walls first for safety. Then it becomes an identity, and it promises us that what is outside cannot become our burden. The wall makes us believe we are innocent at last.</strong></h3><p>But every wall contains its own paradox: the structure we raise to protect ourselves becomes the cage that keeps us from seeing clearly. Borders are sometimes necessary as instruments of law and order, I won&#8217;t argue the contrary. But they become dangerous when hardened into metaphysics, when a line on a map is mistaken for a line in the soul.</p><p>While Orion carried the language of long horizons, at the White House in Washington, Stephen Miller has been narrowing the circle at home. Miller set ICE a daily quota of 3,000 arrests. To meet it, agents stopped targeting anyone in particular and adopted mass roundups (at churches, schools, courthouses). It will be engraved in our memory that in Minneapolis, federal agents killed two residents within two weeks: first Renee Good, then Alex Pretti, an ICU nurse whom Miller initially called an assassin before the video showed otherwise.</p><p>Two million people have fled the country rather than risk being hunted. The administration calls this self-deportation. A plainer word is terror. If our space travelers, while orbiting the Moon, focus their gaze and pay attention to the signs, they will see the unmistakable path left by eight million people self-deporting from Venezuela, seeking safety on Earth.</p><h3><strong>We keep saying we are securing the house while terrorizing the people already inside it.</strong></h3><p>That is where the Overview Effect stops being a wonder and becomes judgment. If we cannot enlarge our idea of belonging on Earth, our talk of becoming a multi-planetary species is imperial nostalgia in a new spacesuit. If we sort the stranger by passport, income, accent, or removability here, we will do the same there, only with better optics and more sanctimonious language about the future. The Moon must not become the last gated community.</p><h3><strong>Love is not sentiment. It is method: the courage to cross toward what is unfamiliar without first demanding that it resemble us.</strong></h3><p>The real test is not whether we can get back to the Moon. The crew of Artemis II has already answered that. The test is whether, having seen the Earth again as one lit thing in the dark, we will have the nerve to act as if we believed it.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-last-gated-community/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-last-gated-community/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">CICERO is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Roger Santodomingo&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Me, Dyslexic?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Every so often I must relive the terror of being the dunce of the class, of being catastrophically unmasked &#8212; especially when I have had to compete for a job or begin a new project.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 12:32:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5>(I originally published this article on June 18, 2018, on my personal blog and on <a href="https://medium.com/@rogersantodomingo/disl&#233;xico-yo-8ededc6180ab">Medium</a>. I have retrieved it from the archive to create my own benchmark and better understand how my writing process and my relationship with language and the craft of writing have changed over the years to arrive at Cicero.)</h5><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg" width="1200" height="674" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:674,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/dislexico-yo?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/dislexico-yo?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><p><strong>My primary school teacher</strong> reviewed our notebooks with an expression that was already a verdict. When she reached mine, her chalk-scented face closed. &#8220;You didn&#8217;t turn in the homework again, Santodomingo.&#8221; &#8220;I did do it, teacher, look.&#8221; &#8220;Don&#8217;t lie, Santodomingo. You didn&#8217;t write this &#8212; your mother wrote this part and a cockroach wrote the other.&#8221;</p><p>A cockroach. For years I carried that phrase the way one carries an unnamed diagnosis. My writing had two rhythms: one slow and careful, both in the choice of words and in the handwriting, and another unbridled, inspired, with errors that were sort of mispelled hieroglyphs.</p><p>My spelling was grounds for mockery, my handwriting a scandal, and I was also clumsy and, most of the time, distracted &#8212; &#8220;<em>en las nubes,</em> &#8221; enough to be classified as an absolute disaster. If I did something well, I hadn&#8217;t done it; someone must have done it for me. So from the age of six, I learned to hide the fact that reading cost me effort. I memorized even the spelling and rehearsed what I had to say. I didn&#8217;t do it well at first, but from masking it so often, I learned to do it for real.</p><p>Perhaps I was a little slower than average. Over time, I learned to go from an ordinary reader to a passionate one by mastering oratory techniques. I carried that secret through all of childhood: the secret of knowing myself a linguistic fraud in a house where books were venerated. My father and mother treated literature and study with a seriousness that was never declared &#8212; it was simply there, in the floor-to-ceiling library, in the books that appeared in every corner of the small apartment. For me, words were not merely a school instrument. They were the condition of belonging to my own family.</p><p>I arrived early, then, at an understanding of what today is called, with less grace, personal branding. My strategy had three moves. First: prepare twice as much, do the homework in advance (though, addicted to adrenaline, I always left some difficult details for the end), read the next day&#8217;s pages twice if necessary and repeat them aloud. Second: bring books from my father &#8212; those with complicated words &#8212; learn them and deploy them with the teacher at the right moment. Third: carry in my schoolbag some volume with a Russian or German author&#8217;s name on the cover &#8212; not out of pretension, but as a shield.</p><p>The problem with shields is that they sometimes force one to become what one pretends to be. Several of those books caught me. I couldn&#8217;t stop at the few pages the disguise required. This had one bad consequence and one good one. The bad: I came across as a show-off and didn&#8217;t have many friends. The good: I found in those books a company that did not grow impatient with my slowness.</p><p>That is how I survived primary school. In secondary school I already sensed that if not by intelligence, then by sheer effort I could go far.</p><p>Not long ago, a friend found on YouTube a video of one of the most embarrassing moments of my life. I was sixteen and had been selected unanimously to participate in a television program as the &#8220;genius&#8221; of the school &#8212; a program with a national audience. It was the summit of all my effort to dissemble. It was also the highest risk of being discovered. And so it was.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png" width="378" height="445.41" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:707,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:378,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 424w, 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stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>I may have had information, but my response speed could never compete with the urgency of television. The universe conspired, furthermore, with sports questions. For me, volleyball was a girls&#8217; game, basketball was for people whose limbs had been stretched, and baseball was an invisible ball that, in my experience, could cause a great deal of pain. With soccer I felt somewhat better because I ran fast &#8212; besides, a practice or a regular match represented for me an opportunity for a good hour of uninterrupted reading on the bench.</p><p>The stardom was followed by days of solitary confinement. I avoided those who did not avoid me, locking myself at home or entrenching myself in the library during recess. Weeks later, I sat the national university entrance exam. The day before I didn&#8217;t leave the library, hidden during class hours doing practice tests. Until the physics teacher found me there and threw me out with a reprimand.</p><p>That year I was one of the three students with the highest score in the country. The next day the teacher publicly congratulated those who had achieved the best results in mathematics and in language. I was not among them because, although mine was the highest score in the country and in the school, it was a composite result, balanced between language and mathematics. &#8220;Some people think they&#8217;re geniuses, but what they do is memorize the questions,&#8221; said Professor Noel, leaving no room for doubt.</p><p>I knew he was wrong. But in front of my classmates I had been unmasked all the same. My television debut and my zeal before the aptitude test had exposed me as a fake &#8212; which is, curiously, the same accusation with which everything began.</p><p>Shortly after I was admitted to university to study journalism. I thought my dark past would be just that: past. What was opening was not a world for proving who I wasn&#8217;t, but one for cultivating, without complexes, my appetite for words.</p><p>It was then that, for the first time, a specialist administered a battery of cognitive tests. The psychologist asked me: &#8220;Why do you want to be a journalist or a writer? Being dyslexic, don&#8217;t you think you could explore other areas where you might succeed and be happier?&#8221;</p><p>Dyslexic, me? I asked her to elaborate. To explain what that meant and how it was cured.</p><p>The diagnosis allowed me to understand myself better. But since there was no special treatment for dyslexics at university or in life (quite the contrary), I preferred to keep it secret. And the psychologist&#8217;s argument, whatever it was, did not dissuade me. I had already decided what I wanted to be.</p><div><hr></div><p>Here is the pivot the story doesn&#8217;t state but contains: the child who hides his dyslexia behind Dostoyevsky in a Caracas apartment, who later decides he will write in a language that is not his own, is making the same move twice. Language as territory that belongs to him not by right but by conquest. Identity as something worn with effort, not with ease. Exile &#8212; from one&#8217;s own language, from one&#8217;s own country &#8212; begins before one knows one is in exile.</p><p>That child (like the adult) must periodically relive the terror of being the dunce of the class, of being unmasked. Especially when he has had to compete for a job or begin a new project in which, inevitably, his facility with words would be essential. Today he senses that his intelligence is neither greater nor lesser than average (he simply functions somewhat differently). But it has been exhausting to keep that secret. It was a source of shame, especially before his family. Very few people knew it throughout his life.</p><p>Today he is not as embarrassed by it. The world tends to be more tolerant toward the broad spectrum of human life, and there is more information about the different types and degrees of dyslexia. For some it is even a source of pride to confess the vulnerability (especially when one no longer has anything to prove). But it remains slippery terrain. Not only because of writing it, but because of embracing transparency about one&#8217;s own disability &#8212; especially when passing unnoticed is still possible.</p><p>He still reads slowly. He writes with effort (an effort he partly manages with the help of Word&#8217;s spell-checker<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>). He has not changed his purpose.</p><p>I love words &#8212; getting tangled in them and untangling myself from them. I will be a writer, even if in my life I have only a few true friends.</p><div><hr></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Today my indispensable crutch is called <em>Grammarly.</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">CICERO is a reader-supported publication. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;Roger Santodomingo&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/me-dyslexic?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[¿Disléxico yo?]]></title><description><![CDATA[Cada tanto me toca revivir el terror a ser el tonto de la clase, a ser desenmascarado catastr&#243;ficamente, especialmente cuando he tenido que concursar por un trabajo o iniciar un nuevo proyecto.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/dislexico-yo</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/dislexico-yo</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 12:32:04 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em>(Este art&#237;culo lo publiqu&#233; originalmente un 18 de junio de 2018, en mi blog personal y en <a href="https://medium.com/@rogersantodomingo/disl&#233;xico-yo-8ededc6180ab">Medium</a>. Lo he rescatado del archivo para crear mi propio benchmark y entender mejor c&#243;mo mi proceso de escritura y mi relaci&#243;n con el lenguaje y el oficio de escritor han cambiado con los a&#241;os para llegar a Cicero)</em></h5><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg" width="1200" height="674" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!v4bT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F857dbdb2-7e10-4514-b681-27fd48ae59e6_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/me-dyslexic?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/me-dyslexic?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><p>La maestra de primaria revisaba los cuadernos con una expresi&#243;n que ya era un veredicto. Cuando llegaba al m&#237;o, su cara con olor a tiza se cerraba. &#8220;De nuevo, no entreg&#243; la tarea, Santodomingo&#8221;. &#8220;S&#237; la hice, maestra, &#161;mire.&#8221; &#8220;No mienta, Santodomingo. Eso no lo hizo usted, esta parte la escribi&#243; su mam&#225; y esta otra una cucaracha.&#8221;</p><p>Una cucaracha. Durante a&#241;os cargu&#233; esa frase como se carga un diagn&#243;stico sin nombre. Mi escritura ten&#237;a dos ritmos: uno lento y cuidadoso, tanto en la escogencia de las palabras como en la caligraf&#237;a, y otro desbocado, inspirado, con errores no ortogr&#225;ficos sino jerogl&#237;ficos.</p><p>Mi ortograf&#237;a era motivo de burla, mi letra un esc&#225;ndalo, y yo era adem&#225;s torpe y, la mayor&#237;a de las veces andaba distra&#237;do &#8212; &#8220;en las nubes&#8221;, suficiente para ser clasificado como un absoluto desastre. Si hac&#237;a algo bien, no lo hab&#237;a hecho yo; alguien debi&#243; hacerlo por m&#237;. As&#237; que desde los seis a&#241;os aprend&#237; a disimular que leer me costaba. Memorizaba hasta la ortograf&#237;a y ensayaba lo que ten&#237;a que decir. No lo hac&#237;a bien al principio, pero de tanto enmascararlo, aprend&#237; a hacerlo de verdad.</p><p>Quiz&#225;s era un poco m&#225;s lento que el promedio. Con el tiempo aprend&#237; a pasar de lector normal a uno apasionado, luego, al dominar t&#233;cnicas de oratoria. Llev&#233; ese secreto toda la infancia: el de saberme un fraude ling&#252;&#237;stico en una casa donde los libros eran venerados. Mi padre y mi madre trataban la literatura y el estudio con una seriedad que no se declaraba &#8212; simplemente estaba ah&#237;, en la biblioteca de pared a pared, en los libros que aparec&#237;an en cada rinc&#243;n del apartamento peque&#241;o. Para m&#237;, las palabras no eran solo un instrumento escolar. Eran la condici&#243;n de pertenencia a mi propia familia.</p><p>Tuve entonces una comprensi&#243;n temprana de lo que hoy se llama, con menos gracia, <em>personal branding</em>. Mi estrategia ten&#237;a tres movimientos. Primero: prepararme el doble, hacer la tarea con anticipaci&#243;n (aunque, adicto a la adrenalina, siempre dejaba algunos detalles dif&#237;ciles para el final), leer dos veces las p&#225;ginas del d&#237;a siguiente si era necesario y repetir en voz alta. Segundo: llevar libros de mi padre, de esos con palabras complicadas, aprenderlas y usarlas con la maestra en el momento justo. Tercero: cargar en el bulto alg&#250;n volumen con nombre de autor ruso o alem&#225;n &#8212; no por pretensi&#243;n, sino como escudo.</p><p>El problema con los escudos es que a veces obligan a uno a ser lo que finge. Varios de esos libros me atraparon. No pod&#237;a parar en las pocas p&#225;ginas que el disfraz requer&#237;a. Eso trajo una consecuencia mala y una buena. La mala: pasaba por presumido y no ten&#237;a muchos amigos. La buena: encontr&#233; en esos libros una compa&#241;&#237;a que no se impacientaba con mi lentitud.</p><p>As&#237; sobreviv&#237; la primaria. En el bachillerato ya intu&#237;a que si no por inteligente, s&#237; por afanado podr&#237;a llegar lejos.</p><p>Hace poco, un amigo encontr&#243; en YouTube un video de uno de los momentos m&#225;s vergonzosos de mi vida. Ten&#237;a diecis&#233;is a&#241;os y hab&#237;a sido seleccionado por unanimidad para participar en un programa de televisi&#243;n como &#8220;el genio&#8221; del colegio en un programa de televisi&#243;n con audiencia nacional. Era la c&#250;spide de todo mi esfuerzo por disimular. Tambi&#233;n era el riesgo m&#225;s alto de ser descubierto. Y as&#237; ocurri&#243;.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:707,&quot;width&quot;:600,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:344,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!6rU2!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F77b255ea-6978-4ddf-8a42-02d127565475_600x707.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>Puede que tuviera informaci&#243;n, pero mi velocidad de respuesta nunca podr&#237;a competir con el apremio de la televisi&#243;n. El universo conspir&#243;, adem&#225;s, con preguntas de deportes. Para m&#237;, el voleibol era un juego de ni&#241;as, el b&#225;squet era para gente a la que le estiraban las extremidades, y el b&#233;isbol era una pelota invisible que, en mi experiencia, podr&#237;a causar mucho dolor. Con el f&#250;tbol me sent&#237;a algo mejor porque corr&#237;a r&#225;pido &#8212; adem&#225;s, una pr&#225;ctica o un partido regular representaba para m&#237; la oportunidad de una buena hora de lectura ininterrumpida en la banca.</p><p>Al estrellato le siguieron d&#237;as de confinamiento solitario. Evitaba a los que no me evitaban, qued&#225;ndome encerrado en casa o atrincherado en la biblioteca a la hora del receso. Semanas despu&#233;s, present&#233; el examen nacional de admisi&#243;n universitaria. El d&#237;a anterior no sal&#237; de la biblioteca, escondido en horas de clase para hacer pruebas de pr&#225;ctica. Hasta que me encontr&#243; all&#237; el profesor de f&#237;sica, que me ech&#243; con una reprimenda. </p><p>Ese a&#241;o fui uno de los tres estudiantes con el puntaje m&#225;s alto del pa&#237;s. Al d&#237;a siguiente, el profesor felicit&#243; p&#250;blicamente a quienes obtuvieron los mejores resultados en matem&#225;ticas y en lenguaje. Yo no estaba entre ellos porque, aunque el m&#237;o era el puntaje m&#225;s alto en el pa&#237;s y en la escuela, era un resultado total, estaba equilibrado entre el lenguaje y las matem&#225;ticas. <em>&#8220;Otros creen que son unos cr&#225;neos, pero lo que hacen es aprenderse las preguntas de memoria,&#8221; </em>dijo el profesor Noel, para que no cupiera duda.</p><p>Sab&#237;a que estaba equivocado. Pero ante mis compa&#241;eros hab&#237;a sido desenmascarado de todas formas. Mi debut televisivo y mi celo ante la prueba de aptitud me hab&#237;an expuesto como un <em>fake</em> &#8212; que es, curiosamente, la misma acusaci&#243;n con la que empez&#243; todo.</p><p>Poco despu&#233;s fui admitido en la universidad para estudiar periodismo. Pens&#233; que mi oscuro pasado ser&#237;a eso: pasado. Lo que se abr&#237;a no era un mundo para demostrar qui&#233;n no era, sino uno para cultivar, sin complejos, mi apetito por las palabras.</p><p>Fue entonces cuando, por primera vez, una especialista me practic&#243; una bater&#237;a de pruebas cognitivas. La psic&#243;loga me pregunt&#243;: &#8220;&#191;Por qu&#233; quieres ser periodista o escritor? Siendo disl&#233;xico, &#191;no crees que podr&#237;as explorar otras &#225;reas donde puedas tener &#233;xito y ser m&#225;s feliz?&#8221;</p><p>&#191;Disl&#233;xico yo? Le ped&#237; que elaborara. Que me explicara qu&#233; significaba eso y c&#243;mo se curaba.</p><p>El diagn&#243;stico me permiti&#243; entenderme mejor. Pero dado que no hab&#237;a ning&#250;n trato especial para disl&#233;xicos en la universidad ni en la vida (todo lo contrario) prefer&#237; mantenerlo en secreto. Y la argumentaci&#243;n de la psic&#243;loga, fuera la que fuera, no me disuadi&#243;. Ya yo hab&#237;a decidido lo que quer&#237;a ser.</p><p>Aqu&#237; est&#225; el pivot que la historia no dice pero contiene: el ni&#241;o que esconde su dislexia detr&#225;s de Dostoievski en un apartamento de Caracas, que m&#225;s tarde decide que escribir&#225; en un idioma que no es el suyo, est&#225; haciendo dos veces el mismo movimiento. El lenguaje como territorio que no le pertenece por derecho sino por conquista. La identidad como algo que se porta con esfuerzo, no con naturalidad. El exilio (del propio idioma, del propio pa&#237;s) comienza antes de que uno sepa que est&#225; exiliado.</p><p>A aquel ni&#241;o (as&#237; como al adulto) cada tanto le toca revivir el terror a ser el tonto de la clase, a ser desenmascarado. Especialmente cuando ha tenido que concursar por un trabajo o iniciar un proyecto nuevo en los que, inevitablemente, su habilidad con las palabras ser&#237;a esencial. Hoy intuye que su inteligencia no es mayor ni menor al promedio (solo funciono un tanto diferente). Pero ha sido agotador mantener ese secreto. Era una verg&#252;enza, sobre todo frente a su familia. Lo supo muy poca gente a lo largo de su vida.</p><p>Hoy no le da tanta pena. El mundo tiende a ser m&#225;s tolerante ante el amplio espectro de la vida humana, y hay m&#225;s informaci&#243;n sobre los distintos tipos y grados de dislexia. Para algunos es incluso motivo de orgullo confesar la vulnerabilidad (sobre todo cuando ya no se tiene nada que probar). Pero sigue siendo terreno resbaloso. No solo por escribirlo, sino por abrazar la transparencia ante la propia discapacidad, sobre todo si es posible pasar desapercibido.</p><p>Todav&#237;a lee lento. Escribe con esfuerzo (un esfuerzo que en parte sobrellevo con apoyo del corrector de Word<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>). No he cambiado de prop&#243;sito.</p><p>Amo las palabras, enredarme y desenredarme de ellas. Ser&#233; un escritor, as&#237; en mi vida solo tenga unos pocos verdaderos amigos.</p><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Hoy mi muleta imprescindible es <em>Grammarly</em>.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/dislexico-yo?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/dislexico-yo?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/dislexico-yo/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/dislexico-yo/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">CICERO es una publicaci&#243;n independiente financiada por sus lectores. 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