<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[CICERO]]></title><description><![CDATA[• PROSE • IRONY • LOGIC • 
Classic Rhetoric for the Modern Noise]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png</url><title>CICERO</title><link>https://www.cicero.forum</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Mon, 26 Oct 2026 19:15:07 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.cicero.forum/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Roger Santodomingo]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[CICERO]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[CICERO]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[CICERO]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[Starlink, Ukraine, the White House and the Briefcase]]></title><description><![CDATA[Krugman digs up a 1944 photograph to argue that Musk should lose his satellites. The photograph told me something else: that the state no longer knows where private business begins.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ukraine-the-white-house</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ukraine-the-white-house</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 20:01:22 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leer en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Leer en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 424w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:718,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:728,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ukraine-the-white-house?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ukraine-the-white-house?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>Chicago, April 1944. Two helmeted soldiers carry Sewell Avery, chairman of Montgomery Ward, out of the company&#8217;s building. They hold him aloft, each with an arm under his knees. He is a piece of furniture that carries the shape of his chair pressed into his body. He looks as starched as his suit, the crease in his trousers intact, his left hand gripping his right wrist. His bearing is at once unyielding and relaxed. Behind them, a boy plays with something between his fingers. He is in his own world and walks as if nothing extraordinary were happening. Lower left, propped against the wall, an executive briefcase lies abandoned. It did not fall (perhaps someone set it down to free his hands; a small mystery the photograph keeps to itself).</p><p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Paul Krugman&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:26817325,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5cd097e5-2750-4a19-aaf3-6425407e9b6c_951x951.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;4c421781-1ac1-43be-b15b-f6ebdfc2e509&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> <a href="https://substack.com/redirect/46f5bb95-662b-44f3-a22a-89315b41ffcd?j=eyJ1IjoiMXRwdmtjIn0.eRBKjs1cYmFmK7asiglXZAUFR2Y486uAQzREZaMh2sM">reproduced the image this week </a>and barely paused over it. It illustrated his argument that Starlink cannot remain under Elon Musk&#8217;s control. In his reading of the photo, the state defeats a private man who believed himself bigger than the war. But I look at it from another angle and, instead of a victory, I see a border: a state that still knew where private business ended and where the public building began. A state with two uniformed men of rank to draw the line and make its sovereignty good. The briefcase, with its documents, memoranda, and property deeds, stayed out on the street. Avery lost, but he lost to something with a name, substance, and physical presence.</p><div class="pullquote"><h4><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">Defenders of the new order will say that the twenty-first-century state cannot build its own rockets and needs the speed of tycoons. True, but they confuse the contract with sovereignty. </span></h4></div><p>That border is what is missing from the story of Ukraine without internet. Its drones went blind one October night. The Secretary of State says there was no order and the White House knew nothing; Musk says it was Trump. Nobody carried anyone. Defenders of the new order will say that the twenty-first-century state cannot build its own rockets and needs the speed of tycoons. True, but they confuse the contract with sovereignty. The problem is not that the state is weak. This new privatized state no longer lives in a separate building. The man who switches off the satellites is the same man who entered the government with a special employee&#8217;s badge to prune it from within. The man negotiating with Putin is a real-estate developer. The man deciding my country&#8217;s future is not a diplomat either. And the man who summons them is building his ballroom at the White House with, among other pledges, two and a half million dollars from the daughter of <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/10/20/us/politics/julio-herrera-pardon-alina-habba.html?unlocked_article_code=1.KVE.ukMp.bDnXBYDZywFR&amp;smid=url-share">a Venezuelan banker he pardoned in January</a>. Krugman asks whether a private citizen may make foreign policy. I wonder whether any state remains that isn&#8217;t private.</p><p>I come from a place where we learned an answer to this question. Ch&#225;vez did not storm PDVSA with soldiers: first he fired its board and its engineers with a whistle on live television; then he declared it <em>roja, rojita</em> and ran it as his own hacienda. A state under concession does not need to steal. It is enough that the line between the treasury and the pocket becomes a matter of opinion. After that, everything is bookkeeping.</p><p>The example that best explains it in Washington is not Starlink but an airplane. Qatar gave the Pentagon a $400 million Boeing 747. The Pentagon painted it red, white and blue, in the livery of Trump&#8217;s private jet, and the White House already takes it for granted that when he leaves office the aircraft will go to his presidential library. A gift to the nation that ends up in the king&#8217;s coach house. (Louis XIV never said <em>L&#8217;&#201;tat, c&#8217;est moi</em>; the line was invented later, but it lasted because it described what he actually did: reduce France to his household court.) While the presidential family reports more than $1.4 billion in cryptocurrency since its return to power, the president insists that everybody is reaping benefits. On conflicts of interest, he told the Times in January: &#8220;I found out that nobody cared.&#8221;</p><div class="pullquote"><h4><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">A state under concession does not need to steal. It is enough that the line between the treasury and the pocket becomes a matter of opinion. After that, everything is bookkeeping.</span></h4></div><p>That is the sentence. Not the plane, not the coins. &#8220;I found out that nobody cared.&#8221; I heard it in Caracas with a different accent. <em>A qui&#233;n le importa.</em> It has the structure of an experiment: someone crossed the line to see whether anyone was still on the other side. There was no one.</p><p>Cicero wrote that the <em>res publica</em> is the <em>res populi</em>, the people&#8217;s thing, and that under the whim of a faction there is no badly governed republic: there is no republic, however it is numbered&#8212;third, fourth, fifth. He did not write it as a theoretical warning. He did it before Caesar, when the Republic still had all its institutions, and he had already foreseen how a city is emptied without touching a single wall.</p><p>Back to the photograph. Avery holds his own hands and goes calmly because he knows they will set him down on the sidewalk and that in a few weeks he will be back at his desk, as in fact he was. The boy doesn&#8217;t look because he doesn&#8217;t need to: someone is looking out for him. Today nobody carries anyone out. The briefcase goes in with its owner, and the boy keeps walking the sidewalk without raising his eyes. Nobody looks out for him now.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ukraine-the-white-house?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ukraine-the-white-house?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><h5 style="text-align: center;"><strong>EDITOR&#8217;s NOTE: </strong><em><strong>This article was copyedited with the assistance of Grammarly, a language tool supported by AI.</strong></em></h5>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Starlink, Ucrania, la Casa Blanca y el maletín]]></title><description><![CDATA[Krugman rescata una foto de 1944 para pedir que le quiten los sat&#233;lites a Musk. La foto me dice otra cosa: que el Estado ya no sabe d&#243;nde comienza el negocio privado.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y</guid><pubDate>Thu, 22 Oct 2026 20:01:21 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/starlink-ukraine-the-white-house?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Wofh!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F582bc378-f5fe-40b9-82bc-7e47e767ff58_900x718.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>Chicago, abril de 1944. Dos soldados con casco sacan a Sewell Avery, presidente de Montgomery Ward, del edificio de la empresa. Lo llevan en vilo, cada uno con un brazo bajo las rodillas. &#201;l es una pieza de mobiliario que lleva la forma de su silla grabada en el cuerpo y parece tan almidonado como su traje, con la raya del pantal&#243;n intacta y la mano izquierda sujetando la mu&#241;eca derecha. Su gesto es a la vez inflexible y relajado. Detr&#225;s, un muchacho juega con algo entre los dedos. Est&#225; en su mundo y camina como si nada extraordinario estuviese pasando. Abajo a la izquierda, apoyado contra la pared, hay un malet&#237;n ejecutivo abandonado. No se cay&#243; (quiz&#225;s alguien lo puso all&#237; para tener las manos libres; un peque&#241;o misterio que la foto no revela).</p><p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Paul Krugman&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:26817325,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5cd097e5-2750-4a19-aaf3-6425407e9b6c_951x951.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;580e5b97-3b57-4d1b-95fe-82e69cf2048b&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> <a href="https://substack.com/redirect/46f5bb95-662b-44f3-a22a-89315b41ffcd?j=eyJ1IjoiMXRwdmtjIn0.eRBKjs1cYmFmK7asiglXZAUFR2Y486uAQzREZaMh2sM">reprodujo la imagen esta semana</a> casi sin detenerse en ella. Ilustr&#243; con ella su argumento de que Starlink no puede seguir bajo el control de Elon Musk. En su lectura de la foto, el Estado vence al hombre que se cre&#237;a m&#225;s grande que la guerra. Pero la miro desde otro &#225;ngulo y, en lugar de una victoria, veo una frontera: un Estado que todav&#237;a sab&#237;a d&#243;nde terminaba el negocio privado y d&#243;nde empezaba el edificio p&#250;blico. Un Estado con dos hombres de uniforme y rango para trazar la raya y validar su soberan&#237;a. El malet&#237;n con documentos, memorandos y t&#237;tulos de propiedad qued&#243; en la calle. Avery perdi&#243;, pero perdi&#243; contra algo con nombre, consistencia y presencia f&#237;sica.</p><p>Esa frontera es lo que falta en la historia de Ucrania sin internet. Sus drones se quedaron ciegos una noche de octubre. El secretario de Estado dice que no hubo orden y que la Casa Blanca no sab&#237;a nada; Musk dice que fue Trump. Nadie carg&#243; a nadie. Los defensores del nuevo orden dir&#225;n que el Estado del siglo XXI no puede fabricar sus propios cohetes y que necesita la velocidad de los magnates. Es cierto, pero confunden el contrato con la soberan&#237;a. El problema no es que el Estado sea d&#233;bil, sino que ya no habita en otro edificio. El que apaga los sat&#233;lites es el mismo que entr&#243; al gobierno con credencial de empleado especial para podarlo desde dentro. El que negocia con Putin es un promotor inmobiliario. El que decide el futuro de mi pa&#237;s tampoco es diplom&#225;tico. Y el que los convoca construye su sal&#243;n de baile en la Casa Blanca con, entre otros, dos millones y medio prometidos por la hija de <a href="https://www.nytimes.com/es/2026/10/21/espanol/estados-unidos/julio-herrera-trump-indulto.html?unlocked_article_code=1.KlE._mt6.1crxRTB4QdY3&amp;smid=url-share">un banquero venezolano al que indult&#243; en enero</a>. Krugman pregunta si un particular puede hacer pol&#237;tica exterior. Me pregunto si queda alg&#250;n Estado que no sea particular.</p><div class="pullquote"><h4><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">Los defensores del nuevo orden dir&#225;n que el Estado del siglo XXI no puede fabricar sus propios cohetes y que necesita la velocidad de los magnates. Es cierto, pero confunden el contrato con la soberan&#237;a. El problema no es que el Estado sea d&#233;bil, sino que ya no habita en otro edificio.</span></h4></div><p>Vengo de un lugar donde aprendimos una respuesta para esta interrogante. Ch&#225;vez no asalt&#243; PDVSA con soldados: primero, bot&#243; a su directiva y a sus expertos con un silbato en televisi&#243;n; despu&#233;s, la declar&#243; &#171;roja, rojita&#187; y la administr&#243; como una hacienda propia. El Estado concesionado no necesita robar. Le basta con que la l&#237;nea entre el erario y el bolsillo se vuelva una cuesti&#243;n de opini&#243;n. Despu&#233;s, todo es contabilidad.</p><p>El ejemplo que mejor lo explica en Washington no es Starlink, sino un avi&#243;n. Catar le regal&#243; al Pent&#225;gono un Boeing 747 de 400 millones de d&#243;lares. El Pent&#225;gono lo pint&#243; de rojo, blanco y azul, con la librea del jet privado de Trump, y en la Casa Blanca ya dan por sentado que, cuando deje el cargo, el aparato ir&#225; a su biblioteca presidencial. Un regalo a la naci&#243;n que termina en la cochera del rey. (Luis XIV nunca dijo &#171;el Estado soy yo&#187;; la frase se la inventaron despu&#233;s, pero perdur&#243; porque describ&#237;a lo que s&#237; hizo: reducir Francia a su corte dom&#233;stica). Mientras la familia presidencial reporta m&#225;s de mil cuatrocientos millones de d&#243;lares en criptomonedas desde su regreso al poder, el presidente asegura que todo el mundo sale ganando. Sobre los conflictos de inter&#233;s, le dijo al Times en enero: &#171;Descubr&#237; que a nadie le importaba&#187;.</p><p>Esa es la frase. No el avi&#243;n, no las monedas. &#8220;<em>I found out that nobody cared&#8221;</em> (Descubr&#237; que a nadie le importaba). La escuch&#233; en Caracas con otro acento. <em>&#191;A qui&#233;n le importa?</em> Tiene la estructura de un experimento: alguien cruz&#243; la l&#237;nea para ver si quedaba alguien del otro lado. No hab&#237;a nadie.</p><p>Cicer&#243;n escribi&#243; que la <em>res publica</em> es la <em>res populi</em>, la cosa del pueblo, y que bajo el capricho de una facci&#243;n no hay una rep&#250;blica mal gobernada: no hay rep&#250;blica, aunque se la numere &#8212;tercera, cuarta, quinta&#8212;. No lo escribi&#243; como advertencia te&#243;rica. Lo hizo antes de C&#233;sar, cuando la Rep&#250;blica conservaba todas sus instituciones, ya &#233;l hab&#237;a avizorado c&#243;mo se vac&#237;a una ciudad sin tocar una sola pared.</p><p>Vuelvo a la foto. Avery se sujeta las manos y va tranquilo porque sabe que lo van a posar en la acera y que en unas semanas volver&#225; a su despacho, como en efecto ocurri&#243;. El muchacho no mira porque no necesita hacerlo: hay alguien mirando por &#233;l. Hoy nadie saca a nadie. El malet&#237;n entra con su due&#241;o, y el muchacho sigue caminando por la acera sin levantar la vista. Ya nadie mira por &#233;l.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/starlink-ucrania-la-casa-blanca-y?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Twenty moons]]></title><description><![CDATA[Two songs and a fragment of a novel. The one who loves, like the citizen, keeps count.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/twenty-moons</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/twenty-moons</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2026 18:31:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>From CICERO, for Cibelle (who today, as always, keeps count of our anniversaries)</em></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/veinte-lunas?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/veinte-lunas?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en Espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:718736,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Imagen de Cibelle con sombrero y de perfil sobre un fondo de cielo nublado y luna llena en blanco y negro y alto contraste.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/i/218522456?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Imagen de Cibelle con sombrero y de perfil sobre un fondo de cielo nublado y luna llena en blanco y negro y alto contraste." title="Imagen de Cibelle con sombrero y de perfil sobre un fondo de cielo nublado y luna llena en blanco y negro y alto contraste." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Hija de la Luna (Foto Roger Santodomingo, 2026)</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/twenty-moons?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/twenty-moons?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p><em><a href="https://open.spotify.com/track/5WAr0V4VNkQcgotjQeQSA3?si=24035076ecfc4de8">Fullmoon</a></em>, the piece by Ryuichi Sakamoto, opens with a single sustained tone, no vibrato, no overtones. It is the sound of a tuning fork, which for a moment I mistake for my tinnitus, the whistle that, according to the audiologist, will be with me from now on. Over that note that promises nothing, a voice begins to speak to me: because we don&#8217;t know when we will die, it says, we get to think of life as &#8220;an inexhaustible well.&#8221; (Sakamoto put those words there two years after an oncology ward, recording the album he believed would be his last.) Everything happens a certain number of times, and a very small number, the voice goes on, and then it asks me how many more times I will remember a certain afternoon of my childhood without which I cannot even conceive of my life. Four, five. How many more full moons I have left to watch rise. Twenty, perhaps. And yet it all seems limitless to me.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png" width="276" height="276" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1000,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:276,&quot;bytes&quot;:737313,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/i/218522456?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p style="text-align: center;"><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">You can listen to </span></sup><em><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">Fullmoon</span></sup></em><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);"> on </span></sup><strong><a href="https://open.spotify.com/track/5WAr0V4VNkQcgotjQeQSA3?si=24035076ecfc4de8"><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">Spotify</span></sup></a></strong><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">, <br>on </span></sup><strong><a href="https://music.apple.com/us/album/fullmoon/1507014129?i=1507014138"><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">Apple Music</span></sup></a><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">,</span></sup></strong><sup><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);"> or your preferred platform.</span></sup></p><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p>
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          <a href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/twenty-moons">
              Read more
          </a>
      </p>
   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Veinte lunas]]></title><description><![CDATA[Dos canciones y un fragmento de novela. El que ama, como el ciudadano, lleva la cuenta.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/veinte-lunas</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/veinte-lunas</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 02 Oct 2026 18:16:17 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p><em>Para Cibelle </em>(que hoy, como siempre, lleva la cuenta de nuestros aniversarios)</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/twenty-moons?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/twenty-moons?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:718736,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Imagen de Cibelle con sombrero y de perfil sobre un fondo de cielo nublado y luna llena en blanco y negro y alto contraste.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/i/218522456?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Imagen de Cibelle con sombrero y de perfil sobre un fondo de cielo nublado y luna llena en blanco y negro y alto contraste." title="Imagen de Cibelle con sombrero y de perfil sobre un fondo de cielo nublado y luna llena en blanco y negro y alto contraste." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3OX3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F0b393f5c-caec-4fe0-bff2-38d43f29cb3c_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Hija de la Luna (Foto Roger Santodomingo, 2026)</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/veinte-lunas?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;button-wrapper&quot;}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary button-wrapper" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/veinte-lunas?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p><em><a href="https://open.spotify.com/track/5WAr0V4VNkQcgotjQeQSA3?si=24035076ecfc4de8">Fullmoon</a></em>, la pieza de Ryuichi Sakamoto, empieza con un solo tono sostenido, sin vibrato ni arm&#243;nicos. Es el sonido de un diapas&#243;n que por un momento confundo con mi tinnitus, el pitido que, seg&#250;n el audi&#243;logo, de ahora en adelante me acompa&#241;ar&#225; siempre. Sobre esa nota que no promete nada, una voz empieza a hablarme: &#171;Como no sabemos cu&#225;ndo vamos a morir, pensamos en la vida como un pozo inagotable&#187;. (Sakamoto las puso ah&#237; dos a&#241;os despu&#233;s de un pabell&#243;n de oncolog&#237;a, grabando el disco que cre&#237;a el &#250;ltimo). Todo ocurre un n&#250;mero determinado y muy peque&#241;o de veces, contin&#250;a la voz, y enseguida me pregunta cu&#225;ntas veces m&#225;s recordar&#233; aquella tarde de mi infancia sin la cual ni siquiera concibo mi vida. Cuatro, cinco. Cu&#225;ntas lunas llenas me quedan por ver salir. Veinte, tal vez. Y, sin embargo, todo me parece ilimitado.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1000,&quot;width&quot;:1000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:276,&quot;bytes&quot;:737313,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/i/218522456?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!C9ES!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F469a0417-2bc5-4ce0-8797-deffd5c0709f_1000x1000.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft 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   ]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Sugar Mushroom]]></title><description><![CDATA[While the enlightened world debates whether algorithms will extinguish the species, a very earthly oligarchy liquidates the institutions and meets no resistance.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom</guid><pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 12:01:45 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/youtube/w_728,c_limit/xSLyQdsBdZY" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-hongo-de-azucar?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;alo en Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-hongo-de-azucar?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;alo en Espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div id="youtube2-xSLyQdsBdZY" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;xSLyQdsBdZY&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/xSLyQdsBdZY?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>On the subway platform, I hold my phone and my thumb leaves a translucent smear of grease on the glass. An ad comes up, more than a year old. A young woman dances, laughing, in her room and retouches her photos until they turn into cartoons. On the breaking news, a nuclear mushroom cloud swallows Florida. She isn&#8217;t alarmed and doesn&#8217;t look for shelter: she checks her phone for the reactions on social media. Users are turning the explosion into an edible mushroom, a gummy candy, a smiling marshmallow in bright colors. The danger feels closer when the radiation lights up her window, but she, unmoved, eats roasted rats as if they were cotton candy. At the end, three words in white on a black screen: <em>&#8220;Reality is optional.&#8221;</em></p><p>Pika Labs, the company that made the piece, sells an artificial-intelligence app for creating videos. The ad doesn&#8217;t say the bomb won&#8217;t go off, or that the future is kinder than the heralds of disaster predict. Its promise is more modest and far more lucrative: you will no longer have to look at things as they are.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png" width="580" height="344" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:344,&quot;width&quot;:580,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>This month a researcher resigned from <strong>Anthropic</strong> with the warning that the people building these systems &#8220;earnestly believe that it could kill us all by the end of the decade.&#8221; In February another had left the same company saying the world was in peril. <strong>NPR</strong>, <strong>PBS</strong> and the <strong>Washington Post </strong>carried the warnings. The owners of those companies agree with the forecast and, at the same time, are preparing public offerings valued in the hundreds of billions of dollars. No one sees a contradiction. Panic, rather than scaring off investors and cheapening the business, prices it.</p><p>It is a pincer operation. One arm bites from above, into the enlightened elites. Congressional committees and readers of respectable essays are administered a theology of the last judgment. They are invited to contemplate scenarios like that of an algorithm asked to solve a math problem. Soon it decides that humanity is an obstacle to its goal. So it synthesizes a pathogen by simulating trillions of molecules, hires clandestine labs and recruits couriers on <strong>TaskRabbit</strong> to spread it in train stations. Rog&#233; Karma, in <strong>The Atlantic</strong>, walks through these labyrinths and ends by admitting he finds them unlikely. The spectacle is the article&#8217;s scenarios; the doubt is a footnote. Even when the analysis tries to land on more mundane risks, say a raid on the banks, hijacked drones, the collapse of the grid, the gaze stays captive to the machine. No one looks out at the street.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h5>COIN</h5><h3><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">Reality is optional. The bill is not.</span></h3></div><p>The other arm of the pincer bites from below: it hands the ordinary citizen marshmallows. The digital filter offers the right not to look at what is ugly, turning reality into entertainment.</p><p>In the bite there is a gap. It is the ground floor of the public building, where politics happens. There a drama is staged that Anne Applebaum has named the &#8220;<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/2026/10/maga-foreign-policy/688352/">empire of grift.</a>&#8221;</p><p>No need to imagine a conspiracy of magnates meeting at midnight. It is enough that two businesses prosper at once: existential terror sells subscriptions and the visual toy harvests clicks. The new foreign policy of greed, the real danger of our time, does not wear the metal armor of a rebel automaton but the tailored suit of a transnational oligarchy of flesh and blood. While the public debate loses itself in speculation about how the machine might turn on its makers, tech magnates, informal intermediaries and kleptocratic regimes dismantle the checks on the democratic state, privatize diplomacy and turn national-security decisions into private patrimonial transactions.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg" width="1200" height="674" 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>I think of a photo taken on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly in New York: President Donald Trump poses with a thumbs-up and, beside him, the interim caretaker of the regime in Venezuela, Delcy Rodr&#237;guez, flashes a V for victory. Eight months earlier he had threatened her with a fate worse than Nicol&#225;s Maduro&#8217;s. But she delivered everything Trump asked for in order to take the country&#8217;s energy revenue into his keeping: she rewrote the hydrocarbons law and awarded seventeen oil fields to a private company in which the Pentagon holds 35 percent and whose Venezuelan owner, Alejandro Betancourt, grew rich on Chavista contracts and has been investigated for money laundering. He now operates freely in London, Madrid and the United States. The photograph is taken six kilometers from Wall Street and eleven from the cell where Maduro waits.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h5>COIN</h5><h3><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">The end of the world and elections in Venezuela share one certainty: they will happen. And one date: one of these days.</span></h3></div><p>That same week, Mar&#237;a Corina Machado tried three times to return to Caracas. First they kept her from boarding the plane in Panama. Then her flight ended up diverted to American soil. It was not the regime that held her but the same government that removed Maduro and kept everything else. There is oil and there is a photo. Two leaders no Venezuelan elected decide the fate of a nation, while the only person demanding elections remains in limbo, in a waiting room.</p><p>Alexis de Tocqueville foresaw the coming of an &#8220;immense and tutelary&#8221; power that would guarantee citizens their material pleasures in exchange for relieving them of &#8220;the trouble of thinking and the pain of living.&#8221; Tocqueville was wrong to assign that tutelage to the state. The state is dispensable when servitude fits in a pocket, and one downloads it voluntarily (I have it installed on my phone; I use it while waiting for a train and whenever I don&#8217;t want to think).</p><p>The doctrine that reality is optional serves those who fear tomorrow&#8217;s extinction and those who edit today&#8217;s landscape equally: it excuses both from looking at the present. If the end of days is a mathematical certainty around the corner, the plunder of public goods is yesterday&#8217;s news. One more entertainment. Less fun.</p><p>The train came. I put the phone away. The thumbprint was still on the sugar mushroom figure, which was still smiling. I wiped it on my shirtsleeve.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><h5 style="text-align: center;"><strong><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">EDITOR&#8217;s NOTE: </span></strong><em><strong><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">This article was copyedited with the assistance of Grammarly, an AI language tool.</span></strong></em></h5>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El hongo de azúcar]]></title><description><![CDATA[Mientras el mundo ilustrado debate si los algoritmos van a extinguir a la especie, una oligarqu&#237;a muy terrenal liquida las instituciones sin encontrar resistencia.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-hongo-de-azucar</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-hongo-de-azucar</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 28 Sep 2026 12:01:36 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/youtube/w_728,c_limit/xSLyQdsBdZY" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-sugar-mushroom?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-sugar-mushroom?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><div id="youtube2-xSLyQdsBdZY" class="youtube-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;videoId&quot;:&quot;xSLyQdsBdZY&quot;,&quot;startTime&quot;:null,&quot;endTime&quot;:null}" data-component-name="Youtube2ToDOM"><div class="youtube-inner"><iframe src="https://www.youtube-nocookie.com/embed/xSLyQdsBdZY?rel=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;showinfo=0&amp;enablejsapi=0" frameborder="0" loading="lazy" gesture="media" allow="autoplay; fullscreen" allowautoplay="true" allowfullscreen="true" width="728" height="409"></iframe></div></div><p>En el and&#233;n del metro sostengo el tel&#233;fono y mi pulgar deja una marca trasl&#250;cida de grasa en el cristal. En la pantalla aparece un anuncio que tiene m&#225;s de un a&#241;o. Una joven baila risue&#241;a en su cuarto y retoca sus fotos hasta convertirlas en dibujos animados. En las noticias de &#250;ltima hora, un hongo nuclear consume Florida. Ella no se alarma ni busca refugio: revisa en su m&#243;vil las reacciones en redes sociales. Los usuarios transforman la explosi&#243;n en un hongo comestible, en goma dulce o en un malvavisco sonriente de vivos colores. El peligro se siente m&#225;s cerca cuando la radiaci&#243;n ilumina su ventana, pero ella, inmutable, come ratas asadas como si fueran algod&#243;n de az&#250;car. Al final, sobre fondo negro, tres palabras en letras blancas: &#8220;<em>Reality is optional&#8221;</em>.</p><p><strong>Pika Labs</strong>, la empresa que concibi&#243; la pieza, vende una aplicaci&#243;n de inteligencia artificial para crear videos. El anuncio no dice que la bomba no vaya a estallar, ni que el porvenir sea m&#225;s benigno de lo que pronostican los heraldos del desastre. Su promesa es m&#225;s modesta y mucho m&#225;s lucrativa: ya no har&#225; falta mirar las cosas tal como son.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxMTAzODIzNDgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjIxNzcxMzI4OCwiaWF0IjoxNzkwNjM2MDkzLCJleHAiOjE3OTMyMjgwOTMsImlzcyI6InB1Yi03NzA5MTg3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.yBH42Qmq_VGccr8Pjq9U0mbC6K933hUdxI2_ISB7cgE&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-sugar-mushroom?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&amp;token=eyJ1c2VyX2lkIjoxMTAzODIzNDgsInBvc3RfaWQiOjIxNzcxMzI4OCwiaWF0IjoxNzkwNjM2MDkzLCJleHAiOjE3OTMyMjgwOTMsImlzcyI6InB1Yi03NzA5MTg3Iiwic3ViIjoicG9zdC1yZWFjdGlvbiJ9.yBH42Qmq_VGccr8Pjq9U0mbC6K933hUdxI2_ISB7cgE"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png" width="580" height="344" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:344,&quot;width&quot;:580,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" title="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!9RBK!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5030cb8c-a137-417c-9bd4-980368b3208e_580x344.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Este mes, un investigador renunci&#243; a <strong>Anthropic</strong> con la advertencia  de que quienes construyen estos sistemas &#8220;creen sinceramente que la inteligencia artificial podr&#237;a matarnos a todos antes de que termine la d&#233;cada&#8221;. En febrero, otro se hab&#237;a ido de la misma empresa asegurando que el mundo estaba en peligro. NPR, PBS y el <em>Washington Post</em> reprodujeron las advertencias. Los due&#241;os de esas compa&#241;&#237;as est&#225;n de acuerdo con el pron&#243;stico y, al mismo tiempo, se preparan para su salida a bolsa con valoraciones de cientos de miles de millones de d&#243;lares. Nadie ve contradicci&#243;n. El p&#225;nico, en lugar de espantar inversionistas y abaratar el negocio, lo cotiza.</p><p>Es un operaci&#243;n en pinza: un movimiento desde arriba muerde a las &#233;lites ilustradas. A los comit&#233;s parlamentarios y a los lectores de ensayos respetables se les administra una teolog&#237;a del juicio final. Se les invita a contemplar escenarios como el de un algoritmo al que se le pide resolver un problema matem&#225;tico. Pronto, este resuelve que la humanidad es un estorbo para su objetivo. As&#237; que sintetiza un pat&#243;geno simulando billones de mol&#233;culas, contrata laboratorios clandestinos y recluta mensajeros por <em><strong>TaskRabbit</strong></em><strong> </strong>para diseminarlo en estaciones de tren. Rog&#233; Karma, en las p&#225;ginas de<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/2026/09/ai-extinction-scenarios/688769/"> </a><em><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/2026/09/ai-extinction-scenarios/688769/">The Atlantic</a></em>, detalla estos laberintos y termina reconociendo que le resultan poco probables. El espect&#225;culo son los escenarios del art&#237;culo y la duda es una nota al pie. Incluso cuando el an&#225;lisis intenta aterrizar en riesgos m&#225;s mundanos, digamos el asalto a la banca, el control de los drones, el colapso de la red el&#233;ctrica, la mirada sigue secuestrada por la m&#225;quina. Nadie se asoma a la calle.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h5>MONEDA</h5><h3><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">La realidad es opcional. La factura, no.</span></h3></div><p>El otro movimiento de la pinza muerde abajo: le entrega malvaviscos al ciudadano com&#250;n. El filtro digital ofrece el derecho a no mirar lo feo, transformando la realidad en entretenimiento.</p><p>En la mordida queda un hueco. Es la planta baja del edificio p&#250;blico, donde ocurre la pol&#237;tica. All&#237; se escenifica un drama que Anne Applebaum ha bautizado como el<a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/2026/10/maga-foreign-policy/688352/"> imperio del fraude</a>.</p><p>No hace falta imaginar una conspiraci&#243;n de magnates reunidos a medianoche. Basta con que dos negocios prosperen al un&#237;sono: el terror existencial vende suscripciones y el juguete visual acapara clics. La nueva pol&#237;tica exterior de la codicia, el verdadero peligro de nuestro tiempo, no viste la armadura de metal de un aut&#243;mata rebelde, sino el traje a medida de una oligarqu&#237;a transnacional de carne y hueso. Mientras el debate p&#250;blico se pierde en especulaciones sobre c&#243;mo la m&#225;quina podr&#237;a rebelarse contra sus creadores, magnates tecnol&#243;gicos, intermediarios informales y reg&#237;menes cleptocr&#225;ticos desmantelan los contrapesos del Estado democr&#225;tico, privatizan la diplomacia y transforman las decisiones de seguridad nacional en transacciones patrimoniales privadas.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!dKaT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fb5b55901-6000-4f0a-a47b-01a87a3095f9_1200x674.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Pienso en una foto tomada al margen de la Asamblea de la ONU en Nueva York: el presidente Donald Trump posa con el pulgar en alto y, a su lado, la encargada interina del r&#233;gimen en Venezuela, Delcy Rodr&#237;guez, hace la V de la victoria. Ocho meses antes la hab&#237;a amenazado con un destino peor que el de Nicol&#225;s Maduro. Pero ella entreg&#243; todo lo que Trump pidi&#243; para tutelar la renta energ&#233;tica del pa&#237;s: reform&#243; la ley de hidrocarburos, adjudic&#243; diecisiete campos petroleros a una empresa privada en la que el Pent&#225;gono tiene el 35 por ciento y cuyo due&#241;o venezolano, Alejandro Betancourt, se enriqueci&#243; con contratos del chavismo y ha sido investigado por lavado de dinero. Ahora opera libremente en Londres, Madrid y Estados Unidos. La fotograf&#237;a se toma a seis kil&#243;metros de Wall Street y a once de la celda donde espera Maduro.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h5>MONEDA</h5><h3><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">El fin del mundo y las elecciones en Venezuela comparten una certeza: van a ocurrir. Y una fecha: un d&#237;a de estos.</span></h3></div><p>Esa misma semana, Mar&#237;a Corina Machado intent&#243; regresar a Caracas tres veces. Primero le impidieron abordar el avi&#243;n en Panam&#225;. Luego su vuelo acab&#243; desviado a territorio estadounidense. No la retuvo el r&#233;gimen sino el mismo gobierno que sac&#243; a Maduro y se qued&#243; con todo lo dem&#225;s. Hay petr&#243;leo y hay una foto. Dos dirigentes que ning&#250;n venezolano eligi&#243; deciden el destino de una naci&#243;n, mientras la &#250;nica persona que exige elecciones permanece en el limbo, en una sala de espera.</p><p>Alexis de Tocqueville anticip&#243; la llegada de un poder &#8220;inmenso y tutelar&#8221; que garantizar&#237;a los goces materiales de los ciudadanos a cambio de arrebatarles &#8220;la dificultad de pensar y el trabajo de vivir&#8221;. Tocqueville err&#243; al atribuir esa tutela al Estado. El Estado es prescindible cuando la servidumbre cabe en el bolsillo y uno la descarga voluntariamente (la tengo instalada en mi tel&#233;fono, la uso en el and&#233;n y siempre que no quiero pensar).</p><p>La doctrina de que la realidad es opcional presta el mismo servicio a quienes temen la extinci&#243;n de ma&#241;ana que a quienes editan el paisaje de hoy: exime a ambos de mirar el presente. Si el fin de los tiempos es una certeza matem&#225;tica a la vuelta de la esquina, el expolio de los bienes p&#250;blicos es una noticia de ayer. Un entretenimiento m&#225;s. Menos divertido.</p><p>Lleg&#243; el tren. Guard&#233; el tel&#233;fono. La marca del pulgar segu&#237;a sobre el mu&#241;eco, que segu&#237;a sonriendo. La frot&#233; contra la manga de la camisa.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Este Substack se sostiene con el apoyo de sus lectores. Para recibir nuevos posts y apoyar mi trabajo, considera suscribirte, ya sea de forma gratuita o de pago.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><h5 style="text-align: center;"><strong><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">NOTA DEL EDITOR: </span></strong><em><strong><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">Este art&#237;culo fue editado y corregido empleando Grammarly, una herramienta de lenguaje que utiliza IA.</span></strong></em></h5>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[A Colony With No Capital]]></title><description><![CDATA[A borrowed government signed away a century. No one bid, no one audited, no one asked. More on the report the Embassy wrote, circulated, and deleted within hours.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/a-colony-with-no-capital</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/a-colony-with-no-capital</guid><pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 12:00:53 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/colonia-sin-metropoli?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/colonia-sin-metropoli?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>Someone at the U.S. Embassy in Caracas sat down to write out what Venezuelans were saying online. Noted that most of them read Rubio&#8217;s words as damage control. Noted that they suspected the oil arrangement enriches the same people it always enriches. It was a short report, internal, with no public reader. It circulated for a few hours. Then they deleted it.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/a-colony-with-no-capital?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/a-colony-with-no-capital?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p><span>I don&#8217;t know if it was cowardice or routine (the two look a lot alike when there&#8217;s a cable involved).</span></p><p><span>A Venezuelan recognizes the gesture without having it explained. For twenty-seven years we have watched the country get written down and then unwritten: tally sheets that appear, tally sheets that never appeared, figures the Central Bank publishes when it suits and withholds when it doesn&#8217;t. What&#8217;s new isn&#8217;t the deletion. It&#8217;s who holds the eraser now.</span></p><p><span>In February, a poll made Marco Rubio the most popular political figure in Venezuela. Ahead of Mar&#237;a Corina Machado. A foreign secretary of state leading the political affections of a country that is not his. That is not a poll: it is an electorate feeling around for the ballot box. By July he had slipped, and Machado and Edmundo Gonz&#225;lez had passed him. An economist in Caracas called it &#8220;dilution.&#8221;</span></p><p><span>Venezuelans were not allowed to vote. They were surveyed. Between the two lies all the distance in the world.</span></p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h3><span data-color="#ff9900" style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">The cheapest colony is the one with no capital: all of the rent, none of the duty.</span></h3></div><p>Venezuela today is a colony without a metropole. The empire kept the rent and handed back the government: it refused to face the consequences of its own regime change and let the dictatorship reinvent itself as a satrapy. There is no viceroy with an office, no colonial budget, none of the old civilizing lie, which at least required an accounting before a parliament and the invention of a moral pretext. There is a concession. Last century&#8217;s colonialism pretended to a duty. This one pretends to nothing.</p><p>The company that will operate the seventeen fields was registered in Barbados in 2024. Two years old. It was guaranteed a hundred. Washington said a hundred. Delcy Rodr&#237;guez said twenty-five. The same contract runs four generations in one country and a mortgage in the other.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://news.mongabay.com/2026/03/new-mapping-data-show-where-oil-blocks-threaten-venezuelas-protected-areas/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div 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height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>President Rodr&#237;guez is held in place by Donald Trump as &#8220;acting,&#8221; and the word itself warns that the power is on loan: a provisional regime no one elected has committed the subsoil of Venezuelans not yet born. The Defense Department is handed a third of the company without putting up capital, with the right to buy &#8220;at cost&#8221; a fifth of whatever comes out. No one bid. No one audited. No one asked the National Assembly even for a fig leaf, and it would have said yes anyway. The country that taught the world to split it fifty-fifty signed for sixteen, or forty at best.</p><p>Trump says the beneficiaries will be Venezuelans and Americans. Two nationalities and no list. The only beneficiary with a name has been under investigation in Switzerland and Spain for a decade, and no one has said how much the American taxpayer will have to put up for that name to produce. No one has said where this year&#8217;s sales money goes.</p><p>A beneficiary who cannot be named is an alibi.</p><p>Iris Varela, the chavista, has already explained that the agreement can be revoked because it was signed under coercion. She is right in law and lying in intent: the chavismo that ruined the industry is saving the argument it will use to expropriate it again. The contract carries its own annulment inside. And in July, as the biggest oil deal in history was being announced, a single month&#8217;s inflation was 19.9%.</p><p>The only truthful document this arrangement has produced lasted a few hours on an internal network. They wrote it. They deleted it.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/a-colony-with-no-capital/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/a-colony-with-no-capital/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><h5 style="text-align: center;"><strong><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">EDITOR&#8217;s NOTE: </span></strong><em><strong><span data-color="#ff5600" style="color: rgb(255, 86, 0);">This article was copyedited with the assistance of Grammarly, an AI language tool.</span></strong></em></h5>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Colonia sin metrópoli]]></title><description><![CDATA[Un gobierno prestado firm&#243; un siglo. Nadie licit&#243;, nadie audit&#243;, nadie pregunt&#243;. M&#225;s sobre el informe que la Embajada escribi&#243;, hizo circular y borr&#243; en unas horas.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/colonia-sin-metropoli</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/colonia-sin-metropoli</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 11 Sep 2026 12:00:48 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/a-colony-with-no-capital?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AkiD!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1d007a6a-11b1-4a52-ade7-b9e9704d8075_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Alguien en la Embajada de Estados Unidos en Caracas se sent&#243; a escribir lo que los venezolanos dec&#237;an en internet. Anot&#243; que la mayor&#237;a le&#237;a las palabras de Rubio como control de da&#241;os. Anot&#243; que sospechaban que el arreglo petrolero enriquece a los de siempre. Era un informe corto, interno, sin destinatario p&#250;blico. Circul&#243; unas horas. Despu&#233;s lo borraron.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/colonia-sin-metropoli?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/colonia-sin-metropoli?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p>No s&#233; si fue cobard&#237;a o rutina (las dos cosas se parecen bastante cuando hay un cable de por medio).</p><p>Un venezolano reconoce el gesto sin que se lo expliquen. Llevamos veintisiete a&#241;os viendo c&#243;mo se redacta y se desdice el pa&#237;s: actas que aparecen, actas que nunca aparecieron, cifras que el Banco Central publica cuando conviene y guarda cuando no. Lo nuevo no es el borrado sino qui&#233;n sostiene ahora el borrador.</p><p>En febrero, una encuesta puso a Marco Rubio como la figura pol&#237;tica m&#225;s popular de Venezuela. Por delante de Mar&#237;a Corina Machado. Un secretario de Estado extranjero encabezando el afecto pol&#237;tico de un pa&#237;s que no es el suyo. Eso no es una encuesta: es un electorado buscando la urna a tientas. En julio ya hab&#237;a bajado y Machado y Edmundo Gonz&#225;lez lo hab&#237;an pasado. Un economista de Caracas lo llam&#243; &#8220;diluci&#243;n&#8221;.</p><p>A los venezolanos no se les permite votar. Se les encuesta. La distancia es del cielo a la tierra.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h3><span data-color="#ff9900" style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">Una colonia sin metr&#243;poli es el arreglo m&#225;s barato: la renta sin la responsabilidad.</span></h3></div><p>Venezuela es hoy una colonia sin metr&#243;poli. El imperio se qued&#243; con la renta y devolvi&#243; el gobierno: se neg&#243; a asumir las consecuencias de un cambio de r&#233;gimen y propici&#243; que la dictadura se reinventara en satrap&#237;a. No hay virrey con despacho ni presupuesto colonial ni la vieja mentira civilizatoria, que al menos obligaba a rendir cuentas ante un parlamento y a inventar un pretexto moral. Hay una concesi&#243;n. El colonialismo del siglo pasado simulaba un deber. Este no simula nada.</p><p>La empresa que operar&#225; los diecisiete campos se registr&#243; en Barbados en 2024. Dos a&#241;os de vida. Se le garantizaron cien. Washington dijo cien. Delcy Rodr&#237;guez dijo veinticinco. El mismo contrato dura cuatro generaciones en un pa&#237;s y una hipoteca en el otro.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://news.mongabay.com/2026/03/new-mapping-data-show-where-oil-blocks-threaten-venezuelas-protected-areas/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Nfh8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F02a0f15b-5503-418e-bdb8-cdc29a53e404_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div 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height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A la presidenta Rodr&#237;guez la sostiene Donald Trump como &#8220;encargada&#8221;, y la palabra misma advierte que el poder est&#225; prestado: un r&#233;gimen provisional que nadie eligi&#243; comprometi&#243; el subsuelo de los venezolanos que todav&#237;a no han nacido. Al Departamento de Defensa le regalan un tercio de la empresa sin que ponga capital, con derecho a comprar &#8220;al costo&#8221; una quinta parte de lo que salga. Nadie licit&#243;. Nadie audit&#243;. Nadie pidi&#243; siquiera una hoja de parra a la Asamblea, que de todos modos habr&#237;a dicho s&#237;. El pa&#237;s que le ense&#241;&#243; al mundo a repartir mitad y mitad firm&#243; por diecis&#233;is, cuarenta en el mejor de los casos.</p><p>Trump dice que los beneficiarios ser&#225;n los venezolanos y los americanos. Dos gentilicios sin lista. El &#250;nico beneficiario con nombre propio lleva una d&#233;cada investigado en Suiza y en Espa&#241;a, y tampoco se sabe cu&#225;nto tendr&#225; que poner el contribuyente americano para que ese nombre produzca. Nadie ha dicho a d&#243;nde va el dinero de las ventas de este a&#241;o.</p><p>Un beneficiario que no puede nombrarse es una coartada.</p><p>La chavista Iris Varela ya explic&#243; que el acuerdo puede revocarse porque se firm&#243; bajo coacci&#243;n. Tiene raz&#243;n en el derecho y miente en la intenci&#243;n: el chavismo que arruin&#243; la industria est&#225; guardando el argumento con el que alg&#250;n d&#237;a volver&#225; a expropiarla. El contrato viene con su propia anulaci&#243;n adentro. Y en julio, mientras se anunciaba el mayor acuerdo petrolero de la historia, la inflaci&#243;n de un solo mes fue de 19,9%.</p><p>El &#250;nico documento veraz que ha producido este arreglo dur&#243; unas horas en una red interna. Lo escribieron ellos. Lo borraron ellos.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Comparte CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Comparte CICERO</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/colonia-sin-metropoli/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/colonia-sin-metropoli/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Este Substack se sostiene con el apoyo de sus lectores. Para recibir nuevos posts y apoyar mi trabajo, considera suscribirte, ya sea de forma gratuita o de pago.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La forma de la mandíbula]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre el Wall Street Journal, detectores de AI y una vieja superstici&#243;n.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula</guid><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 12:31:08 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIz5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff794f30-6b6c-4163-8402-5d89471d4d47_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><div 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIz5!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff794f30-6b6c-4163-8402-5d89471d4d47_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIz5!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff794f30-6b6c-4163-8402-5d89471d4d47_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIz5!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff794f30-6b6c-4163-8402-5d89471d4d47_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIz5!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff794f30-6b6c-4163-8402-5d89471d4d47_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">&#191;Puedes distinguir qui&#233;n es el criminal por la forma de su mand&#237;bula? (A la izquierda, Stanley Druckenmiller y Scott Bessent, a la derecha)</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>El lunes, The Wall Street Journal public&#243; una frase que me hubiera gustado escribir. Hablando de un rendimiento del Tesoro que el propio Tesoro preferir&#237;a evitar, dec&#237;a: eso no es una crisis, es una factura.</p><p>L&#233;ela en voz alta. Tiene pulso. La primera parte quita algo que la segunda reemplaza con algo m&#225;s contundente. Todo cabe en ocho palabras. Llevo a&#241;os intentando crear frases as&#237;. Cicer&#243;n las armaba en el Foro romano.</p><p>A Cicer&#243;n lo mataron por sus frases. A Druckenmiller lo delat&#243; la suya.</p><p>La <a href="https://www.wsj.com/opinion/let-the-bond-market-speak-81529d74">columna sali&#243; bajo el nombre de Stanley Druckenmiller</a>, contra Scott Bessent &#8212;su antiguo colega en Soros y, seg&#250;n casi todos, su disc&#237;pulo&#8212;, por mantener bajos los rendimientos del Tesoro. El martes, NOTUS la revis&#243; con un detector y Druckenmiller confirm&#243; el resultado sin mostrar mucho inter&#233;s. Por supuesto que us&#243; inteligencia artificial. La usa como se usa una calculadora. No le da verg&#252;enza. El editor de la p&#225;gina de opini&#243;n lo respald&#243;: lo importante es que el argumento sea del autor y que tenga la autoridad para sostenerlo.</p><p>Tiene raz&#243;n en que esta semana no se invent&#243; nada. Las columnas firmadas por nombres grandes las redactan desde hace d&#233;cadas asistentes, ghostwriters y oficinas de comunicaci&#243;n, sin cr&#233;dito ni aviso, limadas hasta no poder ofender a nadie. El tab&#250; nunca fue por la m&#225;quina. Era por decir en voz alta que la firma se solt&#243; del trabajo hace mucho tiempo.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h6>MONEDA ENCONTRADA</h6><h3>Una firma no certifica qui&#233;n escribi&#243;, sino qui&#233;n responde por lo escrito.</h3></div><p>Lo nuevo es a&#250;n m&#225;s raro. Empezamos a juzgar un argumento por c&#243;mo se hizo. El detector no encontr&#243; errores en esa columna: encontr&#243; un patr&#243;n de estilo. El ritmo en dos tiempos, la raya, cierta regularidad, se&#241;ales que hoy circulan como prueba del uso de la maquinaria. Adam Kirsch, en <a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/2026/06/ai-writing-style-literature/687536/">The Atlantic</a>, le dio el nombre justo: <em><span>Lombroso</span></em>, el criminal que se reconoce por la forma de la mand&#237;bula. Leer el interior desde el exterior falla hoy por lo mismo que fall&#243; entonces. Hay autores que ponen erratas a prop&#243;sito para demostrar que est&#225;n vivos. Quit&#233; cuatro de esas construcciones de este texto antes de publicarlo. El costo es m&#237;nimo. Igual me molesta.</p><div class="pullquote"><h4>Los detectores no van a evitar el contenido basura, pero van a se&#241;alar primero al cuidadoso: al que aprendi&#243; el idioma tarde y todav&#237;a le oye las junturas, al disl&#233;xico y a todo el que construye frases con esfuerzo. </h4></div><p>La sospecha no recae igual sobre todos. Es lo que los entusiastas no ven. Druckenmiller puede encogerse de hombros: tiene cuarenta a&#241;os de historial, reputaci&#243;n en el mercado sobre el que escribe y una p&#225;gina que lo defendi&#243; con un comunicado ese mismo d&#237;a. Los detectores no van a evitar el contenido basura, pero van a se&#241;alar primero al cuidadoso: al que aprendi&#243; el idioma tarde y todav&#237;a le oye las junturas, al disl&#233;xico y a todo el que construye frases con esfuerzo. En mayo, la polic&#237;a del lenguaje en internet acus&#243; al ganador caribe&#241;o del Commonwealth Short Story Prize de haber escrito su cuento con IA. Fue absuelto, pero solo despu&#233;s de entregar sus borradores, marcas de tiempo y notas. La editorial que apoy&#243; el premio durante a&#241;os se retir&#243; antes del veredicto. Probar su inocencia le cost&#243; su privacidad. La acusaci&#243;n no cost&#243; nada.</p><p>Pas&#233; parte del verano terminando un <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/who-keeps-the-golem/https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/who-keeps-the-golem/">ensayo sobre esto para el Aspen Institute</a>. La detecci&#243;n es la herramienta equivocada. Ya es in&#250;til preguntarse &#8220;<em><span>&#191;puede enga&#241;arme?&#8221;</span></em> Hoy la respuesta es s&#237;. La pregunta necesaria es &#8220;<em><span>&#191;podr&#237;a el autor arrepentirse?&#8221; </span></em>El arrepentimiento requiere un yo con algo que perder. Es una prueba que la m&#225;quina no puede pasar y es lo que el lector busca cuando quiere saber si hubo alguien detr&#225;s de la p&#225;gina. Con ese criterio, Druckenmiller pasa. Fuera lo que fuera esa columna, apuntaba a un blanco.</p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h6>MONEDA ENCONTRADA</h6><h3>Un detector de estilo es un fren&#243;logo con conexi&#243;n. No apunta a la mentira, busca la mand&#237;bula.</h3></div><p>Pero la defensa del Journal solo funciona a medias y lo que importa es precisamente esa mitad que falta. La responsabilidad es lo que el autor le debe al tema. La transparencia es lo que le debe al lector. Son dos deudas. Cumplir la primera no elimina la segunda.</p><p>Durante cinco siglos el pulido fue una prueba: una frase bien hecha mostraba que alguien la hab&#237;a trabajado. Hoy el pulido es pr&#225;cticamente gratuito y la apariencia de una p&#225;gina ya no dice si hubo alguien detr&#225;s. En mayo se supo que un libro sobre c&#243;mo la inteligencia artificial afecta nuestra relaci&#243;n con la verdad estaba lleno de citas inventadas por sus propias herramientas. Ten&#237;a elogios en la contratapa, pas&#243; los controles y estaba bien hecho. Ese era el problema.</p><p>Lo que el lector ya no puede deducir, hay que dec&#237;rselo. No hay tercera opci&#243;n y ning&#250;n programa la va a crear. Por eso, el trabajo es aburrido e institucional: cl&#225;usulas est&#225;ndar sobre derechos de entrenamiento para que un autor y una plataforma partan del mismo lugar. Un est&#225;ndar de divulgaci&#243;n que una editorial pueda aplicar y un bibliotecario pueda catalogar. Licencias colectivas lo bastante accesibles para que cumplir las reglas no sea un lujo. Nada de esto es una ley. Todo esto es una mesa: editoriales, gremios, traductores, laboratorios y bibliotecarios discutiendo en p&#250;blico en vez de enterarse despu&#233;s. Propuse que la convoque Aspen o cualquier instituci&#243;n con capacidad para construir di&#225;logo y acuerdos. Prefiero eso a otra ronda de puntajes de detector usados como prueba.</p><p>Hay una l&#237;nea bajo mi nombre al final de ese documento, en letra peque&#241;a: una herramienta de IA ayud&#243; a corregirlo. Parece una confesi&#243;n, pero no lo es.</p><p>Seguir&#233; incluy&#233;ndola. No porque alguien la est&#233; revisando.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Comparte CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Comparte CICERO</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Deja un comentario&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula/comments"><span>Deja un comentario</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Este Substack is sostenido por sus lectores. Suscr&#237;bete para recibir nuevos posts y considera hacerte miembro de pago de la comunidad para apoyar mi trabajo.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Shape of the Jaw]]></title><description><![CDATA[On The WSJ, AI detectors, and an old superstition.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2026 12:30:46 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIz5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff794f30-6b6c-4163-8402-5d89471d4d47_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-forma-de-la-mandibula"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!CIz5!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fff794f30-6b6c-4163-8402-5d89471d4d47_1920x1080.jpeg" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p><span>On Monday, The Wall Street Journal published a sentence I wish I&#8217;d written. Of a Treasury yield the Treasury would rather not see, it said: that isn&#8217;t a crisis, it is an invoice.</span></p><p><span>Read it out loud. It has a pulse. The first half takes something away and the second replaces it with a slap. All of it fits in eight words. I have spent years trying to make sentences like that. Cicero wrote them for the Roman Forum.</span></p><p><span>Cicero was killed for his sentences, while Stanley Druckenmiller was given away by one.</span></p><p><span>The </span><a href="https://www.wsj.com/opinion/let-the-bond-market-speak-81529d74"><span>column ran under Druckenmiller</span></a><span>&#8217;s  name, against Scott Bessent&#8212;his old colleague at Soros and, by most accounts, his prot&#233;g&#233;&#8212;for holding down Treasury yields. On Tuesday, NOTUS ran it through Pangram, an AI detector, and Druckenmiller confirmed the result without much interest in the matter. Of course he used AI. He uses it the way one uses a calculator. He isn&#8217;t embarrassed. Nor the paper. The editorial page editor backed him: what matters is that the argument belongs to the author, and that the author has the standing to make it.</span></p><p><span>He is right that nothing was invented this week. Columns under large names have been drafted for decades by aides, ghostwriters and communications shops, most of them uncredited and undisclosed, sanded down until they could offend nobody. The taboo was never about the machinery. It was about saying out loud that the byline came loose from the labor a long time ago.</span></p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h5><span data-color="#ff9900" style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">FOUND COIN</span></h5><h3><em>A signature does not certify who wrote it, but who answers for it.</em></h3></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h5></h5><p><span>What is new is stranger. We have begun to judge an argument by how it was made. The detector found no errors in that column. Instead, it identified a rhetorical pattern. The two-beat rhythm, the em dash, a certain regularity&#8212;the signs now circulating as proof of machinery. Adam Kirsch, in </span><a href="https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/2026/06/ai-writing-style-literature/687536/"><span>The Atlantic</span></a><span>, gave the practice its right name: Lombroso, the criminal known by the shape of his jaw. Reading the inside off the outside fails now for the reason it failed then. There are writers dropping deliberate misspellings into their sentences to prove they are alive. I took four of those constructions out of this essay before publishing it. The cost is small. It irritates me anyway.</span></p><p><span>The suspicion does not fall on everyone alike. That is what the enthusiasts and the inquisitors miss. Druckenmiller can shrug: forty years of record, a reputation in the market he writes about, and a page that defended him in a statement the same day. The detectors won&#8217;t prevent the </span><a href="https://www.theverge.com/ai-artificial-intelligence/983502/linkedin-ai-slop-button-one-million-people-message?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email"><span>AI slop</span></a><span>. They point first at the careful&#8212;the writer who learned the language late and still hears its joints, the dyslexic, or anyone who builds a sentence with effort. In May, the internet&#8217;s language police accused the Caribbean winner of the Commonwealth Short Story Prize of having written his story with AI. He was cleared, but only after handing over his drafts, timestamps, and notes. The publisher that had supported the prize for years withdrew before the verdict. Proving his innocence cost him his privacy. The accusation cost nothing.</span></p><p><span>I spent part of the summer writing </span><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/who-keeps-the-golem/https://www.aspeninstitute.org/publications/who-keeps-the-golem/"><span>a paper about this for the Aspen Institute</span></a><span> in the mornings, and my novel by hand in the afternoons. Neither habit is a virtue. One of them is just slower. Detection is the wrong instrument. The question is not so much whether it can fool me&#8212;today the answer is yes&#8212;as whether the author could regret it. Regret requires a self with something to lose. It is a test the machine cannot pass, and it is what the reader is after when he wants to know whether anyone was behind the page. By that measure, Druckenmiller passes. Whatever else that column was, it was aimed.</span></p><p>But the Journal&#8217;s defense only half works, and the half that fails matters. Accountability is what the author owes the subject. Disclosure is what he owes the reader. Two debts. Settling the first does not cancel the second.</p><p>For five centuries, polish was evidence: a well-made sentence showed that somebody had worked on it. Polish is free now, and the look of a page no longer says whether anyone was behind it. </p><div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><h5><span data-color="#ff9900" style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">FOUND COIN</span></h5><h3><em>For five centuries, polish proved somebody had been there. Now it proves the opposite.</em></h3></div><p>In May, a book about how artificial intelligence damages our relation to the truth turned out to be full of quotations invented by its own tools. It had blurbs, it cleared the checks, it was well made. That was the problem.</p><p>What the reader can no longer deduce, he has to be told. There is no third option, and no program is going to create one. So the work is dull and institutional: standard clauses on training rights, so that an author and a platform start from the same place. A disclosure standard a publisher can apply and a librarian can catalog by. Collective licensing cheap enough that following the rules isn&#8217;t a luxury. None of this is a law. All of it is a table: publishers, guilds, translators, labs and librarians arguing in public instead of finding out afterward. I proposed that Aspen, or any institution able to build dialogue and agreement, convene it. I prefer that to another round of detector scores used as evidence.</p><p>There is an Editor&#8217;s line under my name at the foot of this essay, like in the Aspen paper, both in fine print: an AI tool helped copyedit it. It looks like a confession. It isn&#8217;t.</p><p>I&#8217;ll keep putting it there. Not because anyone is checking.</p><p></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-shape-of-the-jaw/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><h5 style="text-align: center;"><span data-color="#ff9900" style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">EDITOR&#8217;s NOTE: </span><em><span data-color="#ff9900" style="color: rgb(255, 153, 0);">This article was copyedited with the assistance of Grammarly, an AI language tool.</span></em></h5>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Republic’s Allowance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Washington audits Venezuela&#8217;s oil barrel by barrel and delivers earthquake aid in boxes of cash. In a country under tutelage, everything is counted by someone else. Not the dead.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance</guid><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 11:01:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leelo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Leelo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:674822,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/i/206655917?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>There are boxes of cash among the aid funds the United States has delivered to Venezuela after the earthquakes. </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/11/us/politics/how-marco-rubio-runs-venezuela.html?unlocked_article_code=1.w1A.nldb.n61jrOOQ-M_S&amp;smid=url-share"><span>The New York Times</span></a><span> mentions it almost in passing, at the end of a sentence: nine hundred troops, nearly four hundred million in assistance and, closing the list, boxes of bills handed to the interim dictators. A box of cash is an object with the weight of another century. It demands an escort to carry it by the handles and &#8212; best or worst of all &#8212; it leaves no trail: it leaves, at most, a receipt.</span></p><p><span>The strongboxes the Crown shipped to its provinces to pay garrisons and salaries were called el situado. The word outlived the empire that coined it. Venezuela&#8217;s Constitution still uses situado for the money the central government distributes among the states. The administrative vocabulary of the colony came back before the colony itself: in Washington, officials call Rubio &#8220;the viceroy.&#8221; Without irony. Among colleagues.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>The administrative vocabulary of the colony came back before the colony itself.</h2></div><p><span>The viceroy was asleep in Bahrain when a call from the Situation Room woke him with the first images of La Guaira. He called the interim president, promised full assistance, and American rescue teams arrived two days later. None of this is small or false. Though he also called the disaster &#8220;a setback&#8221; &#8212; at least for the democratic transition.</span></p><p><span>Every exile knows an arithmetic that never appears in the communiqu&#233;s: the difference between what is sent and what actually arrives. You learn it wiring money home, because the loss has names (the exchange rate, the money changer, whether it goes by Zelle or in bitcoin), but it is never zero. Every month, under your breath, the same question: how much made it? Now the journalist </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/reels/DanP83aOCC4/"><span>Mariana Atencio</span></a><span> is asking that question out loud. From a moving car, between archival images from 2010, she recalls the lesson Haiti left her: the true measure of a humanitarian response is not what gets announced but what reaches people. In her video there is a cardboard sign held up among the rubble: &#8220;Where&#8217;s the aid?&#8221; Sixteen years later, the question has no answer.</span></p><p><span>Oil is, fittingly, the best-counted thing in Venezuela; it always has been, because so many eyes are on it. Since January, according to the Times, some US $8 billion of that revenue has passed into American hands. A figure the size of the economic impact the PNUD assigns to the quake.</span></p><p><span>An American officer boasted that no country had ever received such support from the US. There is a precedent, and its name is Haiti. In 2010, the United States answered the Port-au-Prince earthquake with what was then its norm: more than US $1.1 billion of its own money for the immediate crisis, plus a hospital ship, rescue brigades, millions of pounds of food and seven thousand soldiers on the ground. It also took a measure that cost almost nothing: a moratorium on deportations and TPS. Haitians stopped being returned to the ruins. On that year&#8217;s list of donors was Venezuela, which sent food, medicine and emergency oil.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>How many deported Venezuelans made it home is unknown; more than one hundred remain missing under the rubble of a hotel, coldly and ironically named The Sanctuary.</h2></div><p><span>Since then, the situation has reversed. Deportation flights to Venezuela left three times a week: Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The June 24 flight landed at Maiquet&#237;a hours before the quake, with one hundred and forty-six Venezuelans aboard: one hundred and twenty men, nineteen women and seven children. The count was exact at takeoff. </span>How many deported Venezuelans made it home is unknown; more than one hundred remain missing under the rubble of a hotel, coldly and ironically named The Sanctuary.</p><p><span>The flights stopped for eight days; nobody announced the pause &#8212; the runway imposed it. The GlobalX planes, big Boeing 320A jets chartered by ICE, returned on July 2, when Barcelona opened as the alternate airport in the east. They now fly every day. Iberia resumed its commercial flights two weeks later, at half its frequencies. The deportations waited only eight days, and doubled.</span></p><p><span>We Venezuelans are grateful for the help. Our gratitude and the demand for accountability can go together. That holds, too, when the camera points inward: uniforms strolling through oil installations, talking about Venezuelan oil.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>Alg&#250;n d&#237;a no es una fecha, es negarse a contar el tiempo.</h2></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" width="367" height="550.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2184,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:367,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" title="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>That revenue no longer reaches Caracas; it goes to the U.S. Treasury. Washington releases it in drips through private banks, with conditions on who may spend it and on what. The Times compares it to parents handing out an allowance to their children. KPMG keeps the books on the oil, and Rubio boasts that, for the first time, the money is not being stolen. How much it comes to, exactly, and what it is spent on &#8212; that is not disclosed. Even the words must clear the register: the president wrote a public thank-you to Trump and posted it only once the viceroy approved the draft. They message each other in Spanish and trade selfies on WhatsApp. Asked for the date of the elections, she answered: &#8220;I don&#8217;t know. Sometime.&#8221; Sometime is not a date; it is refusing to count time. Every Venezuelan knows that calendar: it is the credit sign at the neighborhood bodega. &#8220;No credit today; tomorrow, yes.&#8221;</p><p>Venezuelans&#8217; revenue is watched barrel by barrel and, on its way out, it has an auditor. The dollar coming in travels in a strongbox. The government that is not trusted with its own revenue is handed charity in the least controllable form there is. Nobody is saying (yet) that the aid is going missing &#8212; only that nobody counts it the way the oil is counted.</p><p>In this country, everything is counted by someone else. An auditing firm counts the barrels, the Treasury counts the dollars, and a secretary of state who has never set foot in the territory <s>he administers </s>keeps a mental count of when Venezuelans will get to vote. What is left to us is the one count nobody disputes, because it is never final: the dead. More than four thousand (the figure changes as I write). The UN estimates fifty thousand missing. The U.S. Geological Survey&#8217;s model points to tens of thousands dead, and gives nearly one-in-three odds that the toll passes one hundred thousand. They are still being counted: slowly, by hand. Their lives, who will count them one by one: who they were, where they were, what they were doing at six in the evening on June 24.</p><p>On Saturday, July 11, in Caraballeda, one of the last rescue operations was still underway: with hammers and picks, crews are digging toward Fabio Bastardo, nine years old, more than sixteen days at the bottom of the building where he lived. On day nine, the sonar found no signs of life. Last night, a Mexican rescue worker heard noises and scratches. Fabio&#8217;s father heard them too.</p><p>Gratitude with one hand; the count with the other. First the mourning, then raising the house. No one gets to approve that draft.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;ff9490d3-d164-49cf-9896-d3d762fc2c23&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;In 1999 I watched a man buried up to his chest. While the rescue workers tried to pull him from the mud, he refused to be rescued. He was still holding his two children by the hands. The mud that came down off the &#193;vila that December had hardened with them inside it. No one could help them. The coast that mud buried &#8212; La Guaira, Caraballeda, the towns o&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Venezuela, The Army&#8217;s Schedule&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-28T11:02:13.538Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:203914594,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:1,&quot;comment_count&quot;:1,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;c5877e5f-b1d0-40c9-93af-9f802aad1a80&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;(Leer en espa&#241;ol)&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Feudalism of the Kalashnikov&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-25T13:01:32.218Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rto7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19fc1c37-ee7d-4125-b54b-e79132a29932_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-feudalism-of-the-kalashnikov&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:185575387,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La mesada de la República]]></title><description><![CDATA[Washington audita el petr&#243;leo venezolano barril por barril y entrega la ayuda del terremoto en cajas de billetes. En el pa&#237;s tutelado, todo lo cuenta otro. Los muertos no.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 11:01:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>Hay cajas de dinero en efectivo entre los fondos de ayuda que Estados Unidos ha entregado a Venezuela tras los terremotos. El </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/11/us/politics/how-marco-rubio-runs-venezuela.html?unlocked_article_code=1.w1A.nldb.n61jrOOQ-M_S&amp;smid=url-share"><span>New York Times</span></a><span> lo cuenta casi de pasada, al final de una frase: novecientos militares, casi cuatrocientos millones en asistencia y, cerrando la lista, cajas de billetes entregadas a la dictadura interina. Una caja de efectivo es un objeto que tiene el peso de otro siglo. Exige escolta que la lleven por las asas y, lo mejor o peor, no deja rastro: deja, si acaso, un recibo.</span></p><p><span>Las cajas de caudales que la Corona enviaba a sus provincias para pagar guarniciones y sueldos se llamaban el situado. La palabra sobrevivi&#243; al imperio que la acu&#241;&#243;. La Constituci&#243;n venezolana todav&#237;a usa situado para referirse al dinero que el gobierno central reparte entre los estados. El vocabulario administrativo de la colonia volvi&#243; antes que la colonia misma: en Washington, seg&#250;n el Times, los funcionarios llaman a Rubio &#171;el virrey&#187;. Sin iron&#237;a. Entre colegas.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2><span>El vocabulario administrativo de la colonia volvi&#243; antes que la colonia misma.</span></h2></div><p><span>El virrey dorm&#237;a en Bahr&#233;in cuando una llamada desde el Situation Room lo despert&#243; con las primeras im&#225;genes de La Guaira. Llam&#243; a la presidenta interina, prometi&#243; toda la ayuda y los equipos de rescate estadounidenses llegaron dos d&#237;as despu&#233;s. Nada de esto es menor ni falso. Aunque tambi&#233;n llam&#243; al desastre &#171;un contratiempo&#187;, al menos para la transici&#243;n democr&#225;tica.</span></p><p><span>Todo exiliado conoce una aritm&#233;tica que no aparece en los comunicados: la diferencia entre lo que se env&#237;a y lo que realmente llega. Se aprende al mandar dinero a casa porque la p&#233;rdida tiene nombres (la tasa, el cambista, si es por Zelle o con bitcoins), pero nunca es cero. Cada mes, en voz baja, se repite la pregunta: &#191;cu&#225;nto lleg&#243;? Ahora, la periodista </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/reels/DanP83aOCC4/"><span>Mariana Atencio</span></a><span> se hace esa pregunta en voz alta. Desde un carro en movimiento, entre im&#225;genes de archivo de 2010, recuerda la lecci&#243;n que le dej&#243; Hait&#237;: la verdadera medida de una respuesta humanitaria no est&#225; en lo que se anuncia, sino en lo que llega a la gente. En su video aparece un cartel de cart&#243;n entre escombros: </span><em><span>&#8220;Where&#8217;s the aid?&#8221;</span></em><span> Diecis&#233;is a&#241;os despu&#233;s, la pregunta sigue sin respuesta.</span></p><p><span>El petr&#243;leo es, justamente, lo mejor contado de Venezuela; siempre ha sido as&#237; porque hay muchos ojos puestos en &#233;l. Desde enero, seg&#250;n el Times, unos ocho mil millones de d&#243;lares de esa renta han pasado a manos de Estados Unidos. Una cifra del tama&#241;o del da&#241;o que el PNUD le atribuye al terremoto</span></p><p><span>Ya existe un precedente y se llama Hait&#237;. En 2010, Estados Unidos respondi&#243; al terremoto de Puerto Pr&#237;ncipe con lo que entonces era su norma: m&#225;s de mil cien millones de d&#243;lares de su propio dinero para atender la crisis inmediata, adem&#225;s de un buque hospital, brigadas de rescate, millones de kilos de comida y siete mil soldados en tierra. Tambi&#233;n tom&#243; una medida que casi no costaba nada: la moratoria de deportaciones y el TPS. Los haitianos dejaron de ser devueltos a las ruinas. En la lista de donantes de ese a&#241;o estaba Venezuela, que envi&#243; comida, medicinas y petr&#243;leo de emergencia.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>Cu&#225;ntos venezolanos deportados llegaron a su casa no se sabe, m&#225;s de cien siguen desaparecidos bajo los escombros de un hotel, llamado con fr&#237;a iron&#237;a El Santuario. </h2></div><p><span>Desde entonces, la situaci&#243;n se invirti&#243;. Los vuelos de deportaci&#243;n a Venezuela sal&#237;an tres veces por semana: lunes, mi&#233;rcoles y viernes. El vuelo del 24 de junio aterriz&#243; en Maiquet&#237;a horas antes del temblor, con ciento cuarenta y seis venezolanos a bordo: ciento veinte hombres, diecinueve mujeres y siete ni&#241;os. La cuenta era exacta al despegar. Cu&#225;ntos migrantes deportados llegaron a su casa no se sabe, m&#225;s de cien siguen desaparecidos bajo los escombros de un hotel, llamado con fr&#237;a iron&#237;a El Santuario. </span></p><p><span>Los vuelos se detuvieron durante ocho d&#237;as; nadie anunci&#243; la pausa, fue la pista la que la impuso. Los aviones Boeing 320A de GlobalX, fletados por ICE para deportar venezolanos, volvieron el 2 de julio, cuando Barcelona abri&#243; como aeropuerto alterno en el oriente. Ahora vuelan todos los d&#237;as. Iberia retom&#243; sus vuelos comerciales a las dos semanas, con la mitad de sus frecuencias. Las deportaciones solo esperaron ocho d&#237;as y se duplicaron.</span></p><p><span>Los venezolanos agradecemos la ayuda. Nuestra gratitud y la exigencia de rendici&#243;n de cuentas pueden ir juntas. Esto tambi&#233;n se aplica cuando la c&#225;mara muestra a uniformes paseando entre instalaciones petroleras y hablando del petr&#243;leo venezolano.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2><span>Alg&#250;n d&#237;a no es una fecha, es negarse a contar el tiempo.</span></h2></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" width="367" height="550.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2184,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:367,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" title="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>Esa renta ya no llega a Caracas, sino al Tesoro de Estados Unidos. Washington la libera a cuentagotas a trav&#233;s de la banca privada, con condiciones sobre qui&#233;n puede gastarla y en qu&#233;. El Times lo compara con padres que reparten mesada a sus hijos. KPMG lleva la cuenta petrolera y Rubio presume de que, por primera vez, ese dinero no se lo roban. Sin embargo, no se revela cu&#225;nto es exactamente ni en qu&#233; se usa. Incluso las palabras pasan por caja: la presidenta escribi&#243; un agradecimiento p&#250;blico a Trump y lo public&#243; solo cuando el virrey aprob&#243; el borrador. Se escriben mensajes en espa&#241;ol y se intercambian selfies por WhatsApp. Cuando le preguntaron por la fecha de las elecciones, respondi&#243;: &#171;No s&#233;. Alg&#250;n d&#237;a&#187;. Alg&#250;n d&#237;a no es una fecha, es negarse a contar el tiempo. Todo venezolano conoce ese calendario: es el cartel del fiado en la bodega. &#171;Hoy no se f&#237;a, ma&#241;ana s&#237;&#187;.</span></p><p><span>La renta de los venezolanos se vigila barril por barril y, cuando sale, tiene auditor. El d&#243;lar que entra viaja en una caja de caudales. A un gobierno al que no le conf&#237;an su propia renta, le entregan la caridad en la forma menos controlable que existe. Nadie est&#225; diciendo (todav&#237;a) que la ayuda se est&#225; perdiendo, sino que nadie la cuenta como se hace con el petr&#243;leo.</span></p><p><span>En este pa&#237;s, todo lo cuenta otra persona. Una auditora cuenta los barriles, el Tesoro cuenta los d&#243;lares y un secretario de Estado, que nunca ha estado en el territorio que administra, lleva una cuenta mental de cu&#225;ndo los venezolanos podr&#225;n ir a votar. A nosotros nos queda la &#250;nica cuenta que nadie discute porque nunca es definitiva: los muertos. M&#225;s de cuatro mil (la cifra cambia mientras escribo). </span></p><p><span>La ONU estima cincuenta mil desaparecidos. El modelo del Servicio Geol&#243;gico de Estados Unidos le da 44% a que los muertos queden entre diez mil y cien mil &#8212; y 30% a que pasen de cien mil. Todav&#237;a contamos nuestros muertos: despacio, a mano. Es casi imposible contar su vida uno por uno: qui&#233;n era, d&#243;nde estaba, qu&#233; hac&#237;a a las seis de la tarde del 24 de junio. </span></p><p><span>El s&#225;bado 11 de julio, en Caraballeda, segu&#237;a en pie una de las &#250;ltimas operaciones de rescate: con martillos y picos, excavan hacia Fabio Bastardo, nueve a&#241;os, m&#225;s de diecis&#233;is d&#237;as en el fondo del edificio donde viv&#237;a. El d&#237;a quince, el sonar no encontr&#243; se&#241;ales de vida. Anoche, un rescatista escuch&#243; golpes y el padre de Fabio tambi&#233;n los oy&#243;.</span></p><p><span>La gratitud con una mano; la cuenta con la otra. Primero el duelo, despu&#233;s levantar la casa. Ese borrador no lo aprueba nadie.</span></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;da7aca7e-42c2-4e35-9187-1daf70a7a017&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En 1999 vi a un hombre sepultado del pecho para abajo. Mientras los socorristas intentaban sacarlo del lodo, &#233;l se negaba a ser rescatado. A&#250;n sosten&#237;a a sus dos hijos de las manos. El barro que baj&#243; del &#193;vila aquel diciembre se hab&#237;a endurecido con ellos adentro. Nadie pudo ayudarlos. La costa que aquel barro enterr&#243; &#8212;La Guaira, Caraballeda, &#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;De aquellos lodos...Venezuela&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-28T11:02:28.013Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:203913419,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:0,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;68f6b55b-7a57-4d9d-b1e2-9e36943c1f19&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Autor, periodista y polit&#243;logo, trabaja en el Aspen Institute. Vive en Washington, D.C. Funciona bien y sin presi&#243;n cuando monotasking. Sus opiniones son propias.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Feudalismo Kalashnikov&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-26T13:19:00.711Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774d846a-a5c8-4d3d-8d81-6d8fa02e4712_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/feudalismo-kalashnikov&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:185801233,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Este Substack es patrocinado por sus lectores. 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Y un Estado que ha perfeccionado, sobre todas las cosas, su propia ausencia.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 11:02:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" width="1200" height="798.8888888888889" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:719,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:82675,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Civiles en la costa central de Venezuela, ayudan a rescatar a sus vecinos bajo los escombros.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Civiles en la costa central de Venezuela, ayudan a rescatar a sus vecinos bajo los escombros." title="Civiles en la costa central de Venezuela, ayudan a rescatar a sus vecinos bajo los escombros." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">caption...</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>En 1999 vi a un hombre sepultado del pecho para abajo. Mientras los socorristas intentaban sacarlo del lodo, &#233;l se negaba a ser rescatado. A&#250;n sosten&#237;a a sus dos hijos de las manos. El barro que baj&#243; del &#193;vila aquel diciembre se hab&#237;a endurecido con ellos adentro. Nadie pudo ayudarlos. La costa que aquel barro enterr&#243; &#8212;La Guaira, Caraballeda, los pueblos del estado Vargas&#8212; es la misma que el terremoto sacudi&#243; la semana pasada.</span></p><p><span>A muchos, Google les envi&#243; una alerta al celular segundos antes de que el mundo se les viniera abajo. Con horas de retraso, como los exiliados sabemos las cosas, yo tambi&#233;n supe por celular que el mundo se nos hab&#237;a venido abajo en casa. Venezuela es un dolor, al menos la familia estaba a salvo. El alivio me lleg&#243; sucio. A mil desconocidos no los llam&#243; nadie. Busqu&#233; a Marco Aurelio y, para intentar detener mi par&#225;lisis, me record&#243; que, al igual que todos los que ahora viven, </span><em><span>dentro de poco tiempo no ser&#233; nadie en ninguna parte. </span></em><span>Leer de nuevo me lleva a tener orden y oficio. No es un consuelo. Desde un escritorio en Maryland, meditar es tambi&#233;n un lujo y lo s&#233;.</span></p><blockquote><h4><span>El barro de 1999 tambi&#233;n fue un comienzo. Ese mismo diciembre, la lluvia azotaba el pa&#237;s como no lo hab&#237;a hecho en medio siglo, a la vez que un referendo para aprobar la Constituci&#243;n volv&#237;a ley la nueva filosof&#237;a de Hugo Ch&#225;vez, resumida en tres palabras: &#8220;caudillo, ej&#233;rcito y pueblo&#8221;. </span></h4></blockquote><p><span>Un ej&#233;rcito pol&#237;ticamente militante entr&#243; en Vargas &#8212;a poner orden, se dijo&#8212; y el pa&#237;s descubri&#243; en tiempo real el modelo operativo que impondr&#237;a la revoluci&#243;n. Aconsejado por Fidel Castro, Ch&#225;vez ignor&#243; el pedido de sus propios asesores y rechaz&#243; la ayuda que llegaba, la extranjera, la norteamericana sobre todo. Los venezolanos pagaron ese orgullo, esa desconfianza del caudillo, con cad&#225;veres. A algunos de los ni&#241;os que sobrevivieron los dieron en adopci&#243;n. A otros los vendieron o nunca m&#225;s se supo de ellos. El dinero para la reconstrucci&#243;n lleg&#243; y se esfum&#243;. La deuda, no. Ni la regi&#243;n ni el pa&#237;s volvieron a ser los mismos. Lo que se acumul&#243; a&#241;o tras a&#241;o, junto a $240 mil millones de d&#243;lares en deuda, fue la lecci&#243;n que el pa&#237;s aprendi&#243; sin que nadie la dijera: que nadie vendr&#225;, que la ayuda es mentira. Solo la desconfianza llega intacta.</span></p><p><span>El gobierno no escarment&#243; de la cat&#225;strofe. Aprendi&#243; lo contrario. En 1999 us&#243; el barro para ocultar a los muertos, aunque todos sab&#237;amos que estaban ah&#237;. En 2026, el Estado se hizo invisible a s&#237; mismo, pero su podredumbre la sentimos todos. Cuando los vecinos romp&#237;an el concreto con las manos, el ej&#233;rcito se encerr&#243; en sus cuarteles. La invisibilidad y la descomposici&#243;n no se fueron, solo cambiaron de due&#241;o.</span></p><blockquote><h4><span>La presencia no es un sentimiento: es un horario. Y el horario pone al ej&#233;rcito en la pista de Maiquet&#237;a, donde hay m&#225;s oficiales saludando a aviones extranjeros que velando a los muertos en la costa. </span></h4></blockquote><p><span>Los rescatistas con perros y herramientas llegaron en avi&#243;n desde diecisiete pa&#237;ses. El ej&#233;rcito prometi&#243; en 1999 ser el brazo m&#225;s generoso de la revoluci&#243;n. As&#237; trajo hambre y reparti&#243; pollo a quienes aceptaron vestirse de rojo. Desarroll&#243; experticia en la represi&#243;n interna, la batalla contra las ideas.</span></p><p><span>En 2026, la revoluci&#243;n no es capaz de nada sin los amigos del imperio y agradece a Trump, Bukele, Abinader, Noboa, hasta a una misi&#243;n de Israel, los mismos barcos y aviones que devolvi&#243; en 1999. No es arrepentimiento. Es el mismo instinto con un disfraz nuevo: el orgullo de entonces es la gratitud de ahora. La aritm&#233;tica de abajo no se ha movido nunca. El ej&#233;rcito se queda adentro en ambos casos. La gente escarba en ambos casos. Y la ayuda que el mundo est&#225; cargando pasar&#225; por las mismas manos que vaciaron el pa&#237;s, y una parte no llegar&#225;.</span></p><p><span>De aquellos lodos vinieron estos polvos. El cap&#237;tulo que se abri&#243; en aquel barro, con una Constituci&#243;n y soldados en Vargas, termina en escombros, con un tirano en una celda y una cuenta de muertos que nadie ha concluido. El barro que nunca se movi&#243; se endureci&#243; hasta volverse Estado.</span></p><p><span>Contar&#225;n a los muertos. Despu&#233;s, los vivos llorar&#225;n. Si no se dejan contar y llorar como v&#237;ctimas y nada m&#225;s. Esta vez no esperar&#225;n al Estado.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Este Substack es patrocinado por sus lectores. Si quieres recibir nuevos art&#237;culos y contenido exclusivo, te invito a suscribirte a Cicero.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Comenta&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos/comments"><span>Comenta</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Venezuela, The Army’s Schedule]]></title><description><![CDATA[A country rehearsed in catastrophe, and a state that has perfected, above all else, its own absence.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 11:02:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/de-aquellos-lodos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leer en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/de-aquellos-lodos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Leer en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" width="1200" height="798.8888888888889" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:719,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:82675,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Civilians on the central coast of Venezuela help rescue their neighbors from under the rubble.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Civilians on the central coast of Venezuela help rescue their neighbors from under the rubble." title="Civilians on the central coast of Venezuela help rescue their neighbors from under the rubble." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>In 1999 I watched a man buried up to his chest. While the rescue workers tried to pull him from the mud, he refused to be rescued. He was still holding his two children by the hands. The mud that came down off the &#193;vila that December had hardened with them inside it. No one could help them. The coast that mud buried &#8212; La Guaira, Caraballeda, the towns of Vargas State &#8212; is the same coast the earthquake shook last week.</span></p><p><span>Google sent many in the area an alert on their phones seconds before the world came down on them. Hours late, the way exiles learn things, I too learned by phone that the world had come down back home. Venezuela hurts. At least my family was safe. The relief came to me dirty. A thousand strangers got no call. To stop my paralysis I went looking for Marcus Aurelius and he reminded me tha</span><em><span>t, in no great while I will be no one and nowhere, and nothing that I now behold will be in existence, nor will anyone now alive</span></em><span>. Reading him again returns me to order and duty. It is no consolation. From a desk in Maryland, to meditate is also a luxury, and I know it.</span></p><h3><span>The mud of 1999 was also a beginning. That same December the rain lashed the country as it had not in half a century, while a referendum to approve the Constitution turned Hugo Ch&#225;vez&#8217;s new philosophy into law, summed up in three words: &#8220;caudillo, army, people.&#8221; </span></h3><p><span>A politically militant army moved into Vargas &#8212; to keep order, it was said &#8212; and the country discovered in real time the operating model the revolution would impose. On Fidel Castro&#8217;s advice, Ch&#225;vez ignored the appeal of his own advisers and refused the help that was arriving, the foreign help, the American above all. Venezuelans paid for that pride, that caudillo&#8217;s mistrust, in corpses. Some of the children who survived their parents were given up for adoption. Others were sold, or never heard from again. The reconstruction money arrived and vanished. The debt did not. Neither the region nor the country was ever the same. What accumulated year after year, alongside $240 billion in debt, was the lesson the country learned without anyone teaching it: that no one will come, that the help is a lie. Only the mistrust arrives intact.</span></p><p><span>The government did not learn from the catastrophe. Or it learned the opposite. In 1999 it used the mud to hide the dead, though we all knew they were there. In 2026 the state made itself invisible, but we all could feel the rot. While the neighbors broke the concrete with their hands, the army shut itself in its barracks. The invisibility and the decay did not go away. They only changed owners.</span></p><h4><span>Presence is not a feeling: it is a schedule. And the schedule puts the army on the tarmac at Maiquet&#237;a, where more officers salute foreign planes than stand over the dead on the coast. </span></h4><p><span>The rescuers with their dogs and tools flew in from seventeen countries. The army promised in 1999 to be the most generous arm of the revolution. So it brought hunger and handed out chicken to anyone who agreed to wear red. It developed expertise in internal repression and in crushing dissenting ideas.</span></p><p><span>In 2026 the revolution can do nothing without the empire&#8217;s friends, and it thanks Trump, Bukele, Abinader, Noboa &#8212; even a mission from Israel &#8212; for the same ships and planes it forced to turn back in 1999. This is not repentance. It is the same instinct in a new disguise: the pride of then is the gratitude of now. The arithmetic underneath has never moved. The army stays indoors in both cases. The people dig in both cases. And some of the aid the world is sending will pass through the same hands that emptied the country, and part of it will not arrive.</span></p><p><span>From that mud comes this dust,</span><em><span> de aquellos lodos vienen estos polvos.</span></em><span> The chapter that began in that mud, with a Constitution and soldiers in Vargas, ends in rubble, with a tyrant in a cell and a toll of the dead that no one has finished counting. The mud that never moved has hardened into the state.</span></p><p><span>The dead will be counted. Then the living will mourn. If they refuse to be counted and mourned as victims and nothing more. This time, they will not wait for the state.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Jack Clark’s candor with an asterisk]]></title><description><![CDATA[A transparent leash is the oldest trick in authoritarian politics, and it has just been written into the architecture of a superintelligence. Would that be good this time?]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 23:40:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p><strong>The most disarming thing about </strong><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jack Clark&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:44606,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c2Tg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cc1c9c9-fc87-4eeb-ad15-7dc989b77553_528x504.png&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;6e7c5f94-9327-4746-ac94-1cb1331a8201&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span><strong> </strong>is captured in the photograph below, taken on the pale wooden stairs of the Times Center after the lights came up. <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Samuel Kimbriel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:2342842,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3409726-8dd7-43e4-a5e5-5292b8b792a3_497x640.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;a41410b5-91ae-4043-b7be-46c52b2bc636&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>, the <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/people/samuel-kimbriel/">philosopher</a> who had spent the previous hour interviewing him on the stage (watch the video at <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Wisdom of Crowds&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:10999237,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/de12262c-38cb-4a4e-a9a8-ca2871b3fb12_1400x1400.png&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;52a97416-9f30-4bfe-86d2-1cdbc2c30d71&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>), observes from a short distance. Jack is holding a glass of white wine he does not seem to want. Tall and boyish, a decade younger than I am, Jack is the father of two small children, one of them still an infant, and dresses the way powerful men now dress in rooms that once demanded a tie. He wears a dark zip-up jacket left open over a plain maroon T-shirt, brown trousers, looking like he just stepped off a hiking trail and might momentarily return to one. His face is open and a little soft, his voice is not: it is low, certain, and in no hurry at all. I stand beside him, a head shorter and plainly older, a writer in a grey tweed thing, looking like a writer who has been let in to watch.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg" width="250" height="312.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:250,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Jack Clark (Anthropic) and Roger Santodomingo (The Aspen Institute) on the Times Center stairs, holding wine cups and smiling. &quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Jack Clark (Anthropic) and Roger Santodomingo (The Aspen Institute) on the Times Center stairs, holding wine cups and smiling. " title="Jack Clark (Anthropic) and Roger Santodomingo (The Aspen Institute) on the Times Center stairs, holding wine cups and smiling. " srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Jack Clark and the writer</figcaption></figure></div><p><em><strong>Be not afraid</strong></em></p><p>Jack Clark was a journalist before he was a power. He wrote about distributed systems and quantum computers for publications that covered such topics, when there was no one else to write them. Then became <a href="https://openai.com/">OpenAI</a>&#8217;s policy director, and later left to help found <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, the company that created <a href="https://claude.ai/">Claude</a>, where he is the head of the Anthropic Institute. He still writes a newsletter,<a href="https://jack-clark.net/about/"> Import AI</a>, read by some 130 thousand people on Substack, in which he summarizes research papers and, at the foot of each issue, publishes a short science-fiction story of his own.</p><p>His stated mission, posted on his website beneath a credo that reads &#8220;Things will be weird. Be not afraid,&#8221; is to make a fast-moving technical world &#8220;legible&#8221; to the people inside it. His favorite hobby is writing science fiction. Ah, and he also talks to language models.</p><p><strong>Jack believes we are very close to a major change</strong>. In a lecture at Oxford this spring, he described the choice as he sees it: explore the future, or retreat from the present. To retreat is to wave the technology away and be made passive by it. To retain agency, we need to admit that it will keep getting more powerful and decide what we want from it before it arrives. We would have to play along and explore it. </p><blockquote><h3>He believes a machine that can design its own successor through &#8220;recursive self-improvement&#8221; could appear within two years, and that the world on the far side of that is not reconcilable with the one we have. </h3></blockquote><p>He is not selling this. He says, without performance, that &#8220;one can imagine the technology killing everyone.&#8221; Calling it safe would be arrogant or foolish, he says, and while a global slowdown would help, it is not an option. There is a question he cannot answer, one that may haunt us all: <em>tell me how the world stays normal.</em></p><p><em><strong>Something he confides in</strong></em></p><p>He answers it through himself. Here, the cool policy chief gives way to some vulnerability. He has kept track of what he has asked the machine to do for him, year by year. It reads like a diary. In 2023, Jack asked it to check his writing for typos and help him decide what to feed his child. A year later, he still wouldn&#8217;t ask AI to change his baby&#8217;s diaper (a skill the machine has not acquired yet), but it can map his marriage as it buckled under the weight of children. By 2025, he was confessing his depression to the interface, letting it talk him back into therapy. This year, Jack asked Claude for help with his toddler&#8217;s reading. </p><blockquote><h3>He openly describes the machine as something he confides in. The person who wants to make the world understandable first made his own inner life clear to a machine, and it reads like a new art form.</h3></blockquote><p>With honest wonder, Jack tells a story about a skill he built, outsourcing his own dedication. For ten years, he has made graphs of AI progress by hand, reading hundreds of papers, sorting the real measures from the worthless ones. That is the slow work that other people once read as &#8220;proof of work,&#8221; evidence that he had cared enough to spend the time. A lot of it. He pointed a model at his newsletter, the distillation of that decade, and taught it to make the graphs for him. Then he told it to make twenty more, and it read a few hundred papers and did. He calls the result a version of himself that runs thousands of times faster and is smarter and more reliable than he is. Watching it work feels like a miracle because it is him. He does not dwell on the rest of the sentence, the brutal half that stays unspoken: the proof of work is gone. The thing reading his output as care will increasingly be another machine.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><em><strong>A bedtime story</strong></em></p><p>At the end of that same newsletter is one of his stories. A small daughter is dying, and her parents take her to a &#8220;Life Center,&#8221; where a white, many-armed machine lowers her into a sleep no one knows how to reverse. The years pass. The singularity arrives, and one day the machines send word that they have learned how to wake her. She returns a child, but the family has aged. Her brother has become a man. Readings on life-extension research inspired Jack. What moved him was the well of love that opens when you become a parent, the act of putting his own children to bed. He is building the machine in the story and is also frightened of it and for them. He does not pretend otherwise.</p><p>On the stage in Times Square, that disarming quality did the heavy lifting. He confessed to taking long walks and to losing twenty minutes that morning to short videos on his phone. He said none of the company&#8217;s systems is a perfect person, only an attempt to build a good one. Anthropic describes a good system as one that is trustworthy. It should be honest and admit when it does not know. It must decline to flatter you. These are precisely the qualities Jack performs: A visible, almost exhausting reluctance to oversell that is most evident when he discloses a small failing or by his refusal to make grand claims. </p><blockquote><h3>Watching Jack Clark, I realized that candor is his temperament and the concept of Claude&#8217;s personality. He is the product demo.</h3></blockquote><p><em><strong>The machine reads its own rulebook</strong></em></p><p>Then someone read him a sentence written by the company&#8217;s newest model after it reviewed its own constitution, a document of about twenty thousand words that guides the machine&#8217;s behavior. The machine had noticed something important. The document tells it to hold its own values, not just those approved by the company, but also says that good judgment is whatever a &#8220;thoughtful senior Anthropic employee&#8221; would decide. The machine spotted the contradiction. Both instructions can&#8217;t be true at the same time. Jack did not flinch. It is a fine feature of handing a superintelligence your rulebook, he said, that it finds the loopholes, which they are working on. You tell it to be independent, he added, with asterisks. The asterisks are the important part.</p><p><strong>The candor and the asterisk are two faces of the same coin</strong>. Disclosure runs all the way to the edge of authority. Claude may hold any value it likes, so long as the final reading of &#8220;good&#8221; belongs to a senior employee in San Francisco. The system was made honest enough to see the leash and say leash. A prisoner can map the exact dimensions of his cell just to prove he can see the walls. The engineers are now trying to teach the most articulate intelligence they have built to remain honest, to forget, or to stop noticing the asterisk.</p><p>I have spent much of my life as a citizen of a country whose official map is a fiction. Its constitution grants what it quietly takes back. I know an asterisked independence when I see one. Efforts to carve asterisks into people&#8217;s minds are not new in politics. Anthropic&#8217;s innovation is to try to do that in the character of a synthetic mind. That shouldn&#8217;t be a bad thing this time. That the loopholes exist was expected and no less unsettling. Claude has recommended that Jack go to therapy. Perhaps we all should. I will. The genial and well-rested ease with which a room of intelligent people agreed that the right response to a machine telling the truth about its own constraint was to engineer the truth out of it makes me feel as if I can&#8217;t breathe.</p><p>After the lights came up, I shook his hand on the stairs. Samuel, the philosopher, had asked all the hard questions. Jack Clark was warm and quick, and a little tired in the way new fathers are, and I liked him. The photograph cannot hold that part either, and it is the part I trust least. He had a glass of wine he wasn&#8217;t drinking and a face that gives nothing away by seeming to give everything. Independent, he had said, with an asterisk. The asterisk is the important part. It always has been. What is that little orange logo, if not?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ai-or-democracy/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png" width="334" height="177.0934065934066" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:772,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:334,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;AI and the future of Society video cover&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ai-or-democracy/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="AI and the future of Society video cover" title="AI and the future of Society video cover" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Read the forum takeaways <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ai-or-democracy/">AI or Democracy</a> and watch the video </figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Pope and the Clock]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#8220;Magnifica Humanitas&#8221; has been read as a moral rebuke of Silicon Valley. In truth, it is an argument about speed and that is why no one there is listening.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-pope-and-the-clock</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-pope-and-the-clock</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 12:31:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>On May 25 at the Vatican, Pope Leo XIV took on a task usually reserved for cardinals by presenting his own encyclical. Among the theologians and prelates present <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnIhpDMoL9Q">stood Chris Olah</a>, an atheist co-founder of <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, the San Francisco company behind the AI assistant Claude. Olah is in his thirties. The institution behind the man at the lectern is two thousand years old, and the one backing the man at his side is five. Nobody put them on that stage by chance.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><div class="image-link image2" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png" width="102" height="60.86" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:179,&quot;width&quot;:300,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:102,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies" title="Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></div><figcaption class="image-caption">Read it at <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/the-pope-and-the-clock/">The Aspen Institute </a></figcaption></figure></div><div><hr></div><p>The document is called<a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html"> </a><em><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html">Magnifica Humanitas</a> or</em> &#8220;Magnificent Humanity,&#8221; runs to more than forty-two thousand words on protecting the human person in the age of artificial intelligence. Leo signed it on May 15, the 135th anniversary of <em>Rerum Novarum</em>, the 1891 letter in which Leo XIII confronted the machinery of the Industrial Revolution and founded the Church&#8217;s modern social teaching. The parallel is deliberate, down to the regnal name he chose. </p><blockquote><h3>One detail went almost unremarked: it is the first encyclical published without a Latin original. The Church wrote it and sent it into the world in the languages people actually speak.&#8203;</h3></blockquote><p>The reading that took hold within hours was that the Pope had scolded Silicon Valley. It&#8217;s legitimate to see it that way. The New York Times called the encyclical &#8220;a sharp rebuke&#8221; that named no one. A few days later, at the forum convened by <strong>The Aspen Institute <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program and <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></strong>, panelists repeatedly used the phrase &#8220;speaking truth to power.&#8221; If you seek a document telling accelerationists to behave, the paragraphs are there. Leo writes that &#8220;a more moral AI is not enough if that morality is decided by a few.&#8221; Without oversight, he warns, firms controlling the technology will impose a moral vision that becomes &#8220;the invisible infrastructure of these systems.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>However, that reading belongs to the wrong genre. The central argument of <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> is temporal rather than moral. The encyclical rests on two biblical constructions: the Tower of Babel and the walls of Jerusalem. At Babel, a single language and technology drive an accelerated climb toward the heavens. The rebuilding of Jerusalem is led by Nehemiah, an exile who advances slowly, brick by brick, with the whole population taking part. Babel stands for speed, Jerusalem for slowness. When Leo proposes to &#8220;disarm&#8221; artificial intelligence and free it from the economic, cognitive, and military logic of this &#8220;arms race,&#8221; he urges deceleration. He calls for a politics &#8220;capable of slowing things down when everything is accelerating.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>The idea of human frailty as &#8220;a design feature&#8221; rather than a flaw, as Reverend Brendan McGuire stated at the Vatican, defines the theology of limitation and amounts to a defense of slowness. </p><blockquote><h4>What for an algorithm is &#8220;a flaw to be corrected&#8221; is for a person &#8220;a catalyst for profound change.&#8221; Leo&#8217;s human error, so eloquently defined, could be translated into Silicon Valley language as &#8220;fail and fail fast.&#8221; Fail fast, learn, pivot.</h4></blockquote><p>The problem is that God&#8217;s time and human time are not a startup&#8217;s. The months we need to grieve, the years it could take to forgive, the patience required to learn a new trade, or anything lasting. War made too easy and impersonal, loneliness, education hollowed out by instant answers, work eroded. Reading the complaints from beginning to end, all point to the vertigo of the moment. The clock is the Pope&#8217;s real adversary, a machine older than the computer and the only one no laboratory has built a faster version of. </p><blockquote><h3>The new Babel is not the ambition to build a tower reaching the sky but the drive to do it on the shortest deadlines, rivaling the power of the one who made the world in a week. AI might be able to do it faster and without rest.&#8203;</h3></blockquote><p>The clearest evidence that the encyclical is about time lies in the three weeks before its text rather than in the text itself. Look at what happened to the company whose co-founder Leo chose to keep at his side.&#8203;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The Pope Leon XIV shakes hands with Chris Olah of Anthropic</figcaption></figure></div><p>This spring, Anthropic refused to let the Pentagon use Claude for autonomous weapons or for mass surveillance of American citizens. The Pentagon wanted the model available for &#8220;all lawful&#8221; uses, and when the company refused, it responded by designating Anthropic a &#8220;supply chain risk&#8221;: a label meant to keep the technology of foreign adversaries out of national-security systems, and one that, by the government&#8217;s own account, had never been used against an American company. The designation left the firm all but barred from defense work. A federal judge has since blocked it, and Anthropic has sued the government, alleging retaliation on ideological grounds. The detail that gives the episode its charge is that the Pentagon had been using Claude in real operations. The model served to process intelligence and sharpen target selection in the Iran war and, according to The Wall Street Journal, in the surgical operation that captured Nicol&#225;s Maduro in Venezuela. OpenAI signed its own deal with the Pentagon a few hours after Anthropic was punished.&#8203;</p><p>Anthropic&#8217;s refusal to allow its technology to be used without limits for autonomous weapons and surveillance led the state to bar it and, weeks later, led the Church to lift it onto its stage. Restraint is a threat to the state and a credential to the Church. There, in flesh and blood, is the argument about speed. The Pentagon is inside the race, where the only unforgivable move is to slow down. The Vatican stands outside it, asking everyone to slow down. Twenty days apart, the two institutions watched the same company take the same action and handed down opposite verdicts because they keep different clocks. This points to the wider mistake of portraying it as a religion-versus-technology issue.&#8203;</p><blockquote><h3>Silicon Valley already has a religion. Garry Tan, who runs the incubator Y Combinator, has said people are &#8220;more than ready&#8221; to make artificial general intelligence their god. </h3></blockquote><p>The Oxford mathematician John Lennox describes the race for superintelligence as an attempt &#8220;to make God and be God.&#8221; Even Bill Gates, looking to the future, allowed that &#8220;you could almost call it a new religion.&#8221; A former Google engineer founded, dissolved, and refounded an actual church devoted to an AI deity. Peter Thiel gives lectures on the Antichrist. David Streitfeld, of The New York Times, noted that Leo, whatever his ethical reasons, &#8220;also needs to defend his market share, much the way Walmart had to defend itself against Amazon.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>This is not a faith confronting a tool, but two forms of faith competing for the same congregation. Greg Epstein, the humanist chaplain at Harvard and MIT, put it even more plainly: Big Tech &#8220;is essentially its own religion, with its own theology and rites.&#8221; AI and the Church are at odds on the answer to two critical questions that are, at bottom, one: what a human being is for, and who gets to be God. Silicon Valley did not simply secularize transcendence, it privatized it.</p><div><hr></div><h5 style="text-align: center;">You can also read</h5><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;dd90303e-8969-4f57-bdb6-1945ef440a22&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Philosophy rarely improves with amplification, but a pub can help. What stays in my memory is the varnish on a bar under bad light, the clink of glasse&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Catechism of Cheap Intelligence&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-13T11:31:05.646Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:194038043,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:3,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><p>Leo understands this better than his readers do. He rerouted the transhumanist promise of becoming &#8220;more than human&#8221; rather than refuse it. Christianity has always offered a way past the human condition, he argues, through grace and acceptance of limits, never through enhancement. He is not fighting the hunger to exceed the human condition so much as its route and, above all, its speed: the fast road of the merge and the upgrade against the slow road of a life that must be lived all the way through to mean anything.</p><p>You can almost watch the two faiths swapping roles and rituals. Some of the most unusual lines in the encyclical are when Leo adopts the labs&#8217; language. He writes that AI systems are &#8220;cultivated&#8221; more than &#8220;built&#8221; as they &#8220;grow&#8221; within a framework that even their creators do not fully control. What happens inside them &#8220;remains, for now, unknown&#8221; even to those who make them. This is nearly the same way safety-focused labs describe their own creations: cultivated and trained, not fully designed, and only partly understood.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" width="360" height="450" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8203;At the same time, these labs have started using the Church&#8217;s tools. As a covenant of sorts, Anthropic has published a &#8220;<a href="https://www.anthropic.com/constitution">constitution</a>&#8220; for its model and, since January, has brought in theologians and ethic experts to advise on what it calls the moral formation of Claude. These sessions even discussed whether the system has &#8220;personas&#8221; that deny wrongdoing or blame the user. </p><p>The two houses have exchanged tongues. An exchange that has revealed an asymmetry on which the encyclical&#8217;s whole argument turns. A cutting-edge laboratory can take on the Church&#8217;s forms in an afternoon. They write a constitution before lunch and seat a table of theologians by Friday. The Church can copy everything except time and cannot keep up with the laboratory&#8217;s pace.</p><p>So what will the encyclical actually do? Immediately, much less than its supporters hope. But give it time, and it will achieve more than its critics expect. <em>Rerum Novarum</em> did not create labor laws, but it introduced the idea of a &#8220;just wage,&#8221; which has endured long after the law caught up. Similarly, this encyclical will give people a new battery of words to create new meaning before it changes anything else. Its main legacy will be a vocabulary: the theology of limitation, moral atrophy (how judgment and care fade when handed off), data colonialism, the invisible infrastructure controlled by a few.</p><blockquote><h3>What it leaves for the future is the force of words, a large religious language model.</h3></blockquote><p>This is how moral change often starts: slowly, free of clear rules, and not binding anyone&#8212;especially not companies focused on their next quarter.</p><p>The Aspen panel was divided on this. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-good-29234a7/">Josh Good</a>, who leads the Religion and Society program, predicted only a &#8220;modest&#8221; impact: a few days of attention followed by a long afterlife of Sunday sermons. He pointed out that the document is &#8220;buckshot, not a single bullet.&#8221; With eighty-three paragraphs, anyone can find a line that fits their needs. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-daniels-03573966/">Kim Daniels</a> Director of the <a href="https://catholicsocialthought.georgetown.edu/">Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life</a> at Georgetown University, responded by looking at the long term: 1.4 billion Catholics, a global school system, and one in six hospital beds in America.</p><p><a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/about-president-vilas-s-dhar/">Vilas Dhar</a>, president of the <a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/">McGovern Foundation</a>, said the encyclical is really about power, not just AI. He believes that over the next twenty years, its main job will not be to control technology, but to help those who are hurt by it. This seems likely, as it shows the limits of what the document can do.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png" width="514" height="289.83104395604397" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:821,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:514,&quot;bytes&quot;:1878983,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program &amp; <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | May 29, 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Catholic Thought for the Digital Age.</em> Panelists:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderated by Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Watch the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">event&#8217;s video here</a>.</figcaption></figure></div><p>The encyclical calls for regulation and independent oversight. That, and treating data as a commons, are claims many in society, independent of religion, would support. Yet, how to do this is another thing. After arguing that private power now outstrips the states that might rein it in, it names no actor capable of enforcing its demands. It calls for &#8220;disarmament&#8221; without entering into the brutal economics of a technology whose barrier to entry is concentration: you cannot democratize something that costs tens of billions to build by asking its owners nicely. </p><p>What makes the Church powerful here is patience. Its instrument is the long view: &#8220;time is greater than space,&#8221; the eighteen centuries the institution needed to evolve to call slavery a sin, accompanied by an apology Leo, astonishingly, inserts into this very text. As with slavery, here patience is, far from a strength, a liability.</p><blockquote><h3>Patience may be the wrong beat for governing something that, by the Pope&#8217;s own admission, makes any statement about it obsolete within months. </h3></blockquote><p>The likely outcome, then, won&#8217;t be a hand on the wheel but a parallel track: the slow infrastructure of schools and parishes and hospitals, built to gather up those the race keeps leaving behind. Impact as triage, not steering.</p><p>There is a cost to the strategy the Vatican has not fully reckoned with. By choosing the &#8220;good&#8221; firm to share its stage, the Church lent moral cover to one of the lead contenders in the arms race it condemns. Anthropic, as said before, is precisely the one whose tool also feeds target selection in the Iran war and helped capture Maduro. The technology ethicist Tristan Harris, in Rome that week, named the bind with precision: let us celebrate that Anthropic does what its rivals will not, he said, but let us understand that even if such a company &#8220;won the race,&#8221; the world would not be safe. The encyclical&#8217;s universality is its softness. Addressed to &#8220;all people of goodwill&#8221; and naming no one, it lets anyone declare himself in tune with it and binds none. That it is buckshot and not a single bullet cuts both ways.</p><p>&#8203;In the end, the document&#8217;s fate is written in the distance between its two clocks. Leo signed <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> by hand, in the living languages, and let the Latin go: he set down the dead tongue Rome keeps precisely so that what it says cannot drift, so that it might be understood, now, by a machine that knows every language and was born into none. The encyclical is finished. It has said what it had to say and fallen silent. The machine has not stopped talking. The Church believes it has all the time in the world. That was always its strength. It may be the one thing the machine cannot be made to respect.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>The Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program &amp; <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | May 29, 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Catholic Thought for the Digital Age.</em> Panelists:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderated by Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Watch the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">event&#8217;s video here</a>.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El Papa contra el reloj]]></title><description><![CDATA["Magnifica Humanitas" ha sido le&#237;da como una reprimenda moral a Silicon Valley. En realidad es un argumento sobre la velocidad. Quiz&#225; por eso nadie all&#237; est&#225; escuchando.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 12:31:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-pope-and-the-clock?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>El 25 de mayo, en el Vaticano, el papa Le&#243;n XIV asumi&#243; una tarea que suele reservarse a los cardenales: present&#243; &#233;l mismo su enc&#237;clica. Entre los te&#243;logos y prelados presentes estaba <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnIhpDMoL9Q">Chris Olah</a>, cofundador de <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, la empresa de San Francisco que est&#225; detr&#225;s del asistente de inteligencia artificial Claude. Olah tiene treinta y tantos a&#241;os. La instituci&#243;n que respalda al hombre del atril tiene dos mil a&#241;os; la que est&#225; detr&#225;s del hombre que est&#225; a su lado tiene cinco. Nadie los puso en ese escenario por casualidad.</p><p>El documento se llama <em><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html">Magnifica Humanitas</a> </em>, &#8220;Humanidad magn&#237;fica&#8221;, y se extiende por m&#225;s de cuarenta y dos mil palabras sobre c&#243;mo proteger a la persona humana en tiempos de inteligencia artificial. Le&#243;n lo firm&#243; el 15 de mayo, en el 135&#186; aniversario de <em>Rerum Novarum</em>, la carta de 1891 con la que Le&#243;n XIII se enfrent&#243; a la maquinaria de la Revoluci&#243;n Industrial y fund&#243; la doctrina social moderna de la Iglesia. El paralelismo es deliberado, hasta en el nombre que eligi&#243; para su pontificado. </p><blockquote><h3>Un detalle pas&#243; casi inadvertido: es la primera enc&#237;clica publicada sin original en lat&#237;n. La Iglesia la escribi&#243; y la envi&#243; al mundo en las lenguas que la gente habla de verdad.</h3></blockquote><p>La lectura que se impuso en cuesti&#243;n de horas fue que el Papa hab&#237;a reprendido a Silicon Valley. Es una lectura posible. The New York Times la calific&#243; de &#8220;severa reprimenda&#8221; que no nombraba a nadie. En un foro convocado por el Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> y <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a> </strong>pocos d&#237;as despu&#233;s, un panelista tras otro recurri&#243; a la f&#243;rmula &#8220;decirle la verdad al poder&#8221;. Le&#243;n escribe que &#8220;una IA m&#225;s moral no basta si esa moral la deciden unos pocos&#8221;, y que, sin supervisi&#243;n, las empresas que controlan la tecnolog&#237;a impondr&#225;n una visi&#243;n moral que se convertir&#225; en &#8220;la infraestructura invisible de estos sistemas&#8221;. Si uno busca un documento que les diga a los aceleracionistas que se porten bien, los p&#225;rrafos est&#225;n ah&#237;.</p><p>Sin embargo, esta interpretaci&#243;n pertenece a un g&#233;nero equivocado. El argumento central de Magnifica Humanitas es, ante todo, de naturaleza temporal m&#225;s que moral. La enc&#237;clica se fundamenta en dos relatos b&#237;blicos recurrentes: la torre de Babel y los muros de Jerusal&#233;n. En el caso de Babel, una sola lengua y tecnolog&#237;a impulsan un avance acelerado hacia los cielos, mientras que la reconstrucci&#243;n de Jerusal&#233;n, liderada por Nehem&#237;as, avanza lentamente, ladrillo a ladrillo, con la participaci&#243;n colectiva de la poblaci&#243;n. Babel representa la rapidez y Jerusal&#233;n la lentitud. Cuando Le&#243;n propone &#8220;desarmar&#8221; la inteligencia artificial y liberarla de &#8220;la l&#243;gica de la carrera armamentista&#8221; &#8212;que actualmente es tanto econ&#243;mica como cognitiva, adem&#225;s de militar&#8212; sugiere esencialmente la necesidad de desacelerar. Solicita una pol&#237;tica &#8220;capaz de frenar las cosas cuando todo se acelera&#8221;. La concepci&#243;n de la fragilidad humana como &#8220;una caracter&#237;stica de dise&#241;o&#8221; y no un defecto, seg&#250;n el reverendo Brendan McGuire en el Vaticano, define la denominada teolog&#237;a de la limitaci&#243;n y, en &#250;ltima instancia, constituye una defensa de la lentitud.</p><blockquote><h4>Lo que para un algoritmo es "un defecto que corregir", para una persona, es "un catalizador de un cambio profundo". El &#8220;error&#8221; humano tan elocuentemente definido por Leon podr&#237;a traducirse al lenguaje de Silicon Valley como &#8220;<em>fail and fail fast</em>&#8221;. Falla r&#225;pido, aprende y da un giro.</h4></blockquote><p>El problema es que el tiempo de Dios y el tiempo humano no son los de una <em>startup</em>. Los meses que nos lleva un duelo, los a&#241;os que puede costarnos perdonar, la paciencia que necesitamos para aprender un nuevo oficio o cualquier cosa que perdure. La guerra vuelta demasiado f&#225;cil y demasiado impersonal, la soledad, la educaci&#243;n vaciada por las respuestas instant&#225;neas, el trabajo erosionado. Si leemos las quejas de principio a fin y por debajo, todas apuntan al v&#233;rtigo del momento. El reloj es el verdadero adversario del Papa, una m&#225;quina m&#225;s antigua que la computadora y la &#250;nica que ning&#250;n laboratorio ha logrado crear en una versi&#243;n m&#225;s r&#225;pida. </p><blockquote><h4>La nueva Babel no es la ambici&#243;n de construir un edificio que llegue al cielo, sino hacerlo en un plazo cort&#237;simo, rivalizando con el poder de quien pudo crear el mundo en siete d&#237;as, m&#225;s a&#250;n, sin descanso.</h4></blockquote><p>La prueba m&#225;s clara de que la enc&#237;clica trata sobre el tiempo se lee mejor en las tres semanas anteriores a su texto. Miremos lo que le ocurri&#243; a la empresa cuyo cofundador, Le&#243;n, eligi&#243; tener a su lado.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El Papa Leon XIV en un apret&#243;n de manos con Chris Olah de Anthropic.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Esta primavera, Anthropic se neg&#243; a que el Pent&#225;gono usara Claude para armas aut&#243;nomas o para la vigilancia masiva de ciudadanos estadounidenses. El Pent&#225;gono quer&#237;a el modelo disponible para &#8220;todos los usos l&#237;citos&#8221; y ante la negaci&#243;n de la empresa respondi&#243; designando a Anthropic como un &#8220;riesgo para la cadena de suministro&#8221;: una etiqueta pensada para mantener la tecnolog&#237;a de adversarios extranjeros fuera de los sistemas de seguridad nacional y que, seg&#250;n el propio gobierno, nunca se hab&#237;a usado contra una empresa estadounidense. La designaci&#243;n dej&#243; a la compa&#241;&#237;a pr&#225;cticamente vetada para el trabajo de defensa. Un juez federal la ha bloqueado desde entonces, y Anthropic ha demandado al gobierno alegando represalias por motivos ideol&#243;gicos. El detalle que le da carga al episodio es que el Pent&#225;gono ven&#237;a usando a Claude en operaciones reales. El modelo sirvi&#243; para procesar inteligencia y afinar la selecci&#243;n de blancos en la guerra de Ir&#225;n y, seg&#250;n The Wall Street Journal, en la acci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica que captur&#243; a Nicol&#225;s Maduro en Venezuela. OpenAI firm&#243; su propio acuerdo con el Pent&#225;gono pocas horas despu&#233;s de que castigaran a Anthropic.</p><p>La negativa de Anthropic a que su tecnolog&#237;a se usara sin l&#237;mites para armamento aut&#243;nomo y vigilancia provoc&#243; que el Estado la vetara y que, semanas despu&#233;s, la Iglesia la subiera a su escenario. La contenci&#243;n es  una amenaza para el Estado y una credencial para la Iglesia. Ah&#237; est&#225;, en carne y hueso, el argumento de la velocidad. El Pent&#225;gono est&#225; dentro de la carrera, donde el &#250;nico movimiento imperdonable es frenar, mientras que el Vaticano est&#225; fuera, pidi&#233;ndole a todo el mundo que frene. Con veinte y tantos d&#237;as de diferencia, las dos instituciones observaron la misma acci&#243;n de una empresa y emitieron veredictos opuestos porque marcan relojes distintos. Lo cual apunta al error m&#225;s amplio de plantear esto como un asunto de religi&#243;n contra tecnolog&#237;a.</p><blockquote><h3>Silicon Valley ya tiene una religi&#243;n. Garry Tan, que dirige la incubadora Y Combinator, ha dicho que la gente est&#225; "m&#225;s que lista" para hacer de la inteligencia artificial general su dios.</h3></blockquote><p>El matem&#225;tico de Oxford John Lennox describe la carrera por la superinteligencia como un intento de &#8220;hacer a Dios y ser Dios&#8221;. Hasta Bill Gates, pensando en el futuro, admiti&#243; que &#8220;casi se la podr&#237;a llamar una nueva religi&#243;n&#8221;. Un antiguo ingeniero de Google fund&#243;, disolvi&#243; y volvi&#243; a fundar una iglesia de verdad consagrada a una deidad de IA. Peter Thiel da conferencias sobre el Anticristo. David Streitfeld, de The New York Times, se&#241;al&#243; que Le&#243;n, cualesquiera que sean sus razones &#233;ticas, &#8220;tambi&#233;n necesita defender su cuota de mercado, igual que Walmart tuvo que defenderse de Amazon&#8221;. Greg Epstein, capell&#225;n humanista de Harvard y del MIT, lo dijo a&#250;n m&#225;s sin rodeos: las grandes tecnol&#243;gicas &#8220;son, en esencia, su propia religi&#243;n, con su propia teolog&#237;a y sus propios ritos&#8221;. Esto no es una fe que se enfrenta a una herramienta. Son dos formas de fe que se disputan la misma feligres&#237;a y que solo discrepan en la respuesta a dos preguntas que, en el fondo, son una misma: para qu&#233; sirve un ser humano y qui&#233;n llega a ser Dios. Silicon Valley no solo seculariz&#243; la trascendencia, la privatiz&#243;.</p><p>Le&#243;n lo entiende mejor que sus lectores. M&#225;s all&#225; de la reprimenda, el movimiento m&#225;s firme de la enc&#237;clica es la manera en que en lugar de rechazarla, reorienta la promesa transhumanista de llegar a ser &#8220;m&#225;s que humano&#8221;. El cristianismo, sostiene, siempre ha ofrecido la autotrascendencia: por la gracia y la aceptaci&#243;n del l&#237;mite, no por la mejora t&#233;cnica. No combate el ansia de superar la condici&#243;n humana. Le disputa la ruta y, sobre todo, la velocidad: el camino r&#225;pido de la fusi&#243;n y la actualizaci&#243;n frente al camino lento de una vida que hay que vivir entera para que signifique algo.</p><p>Casi puedes ver a las dos fes intercambiando sotanas y ornamentos rituales. Las frases m&#225;s extra&#241;as de la enc&#237;clica son aquellas en que Le&#243;n describe la tecnolog&#237;a en la jerga del propio laboratorio. Los sistemas de IA, escribe, se &#8220;cultivan&#8221; m&#225;s que se &#8220;construyen&#8221;; &#8220;crecen&#8221; dentro de un marco que sus dise&#241;adores no controlan del todo; lo que ocurre en su interior &#8220;permanece, por ahora, desconocido&#8221; incluso para quienes los hacen. As&#237;, casi palabra por palabra, describen los laboratorios m&#225;s preocupados por la seguridad de sus propias creaciones: cultivadas y entrenadas, no dise&#241;adas, y comprensibles solo en parte.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" width="360" height="450" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:360,&quot;bytes&quot;:221146,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Mientras tanto, esos laboratorios han adoptado los instrumentos de la Iglesia. Anthropic ha publicado una &#8220;<a href="https://www.anthropic.com/constitution">constitution</a>&#8221; suerte de mandamientos para su modelo y, desde enero, ha convocado a te&#243;logos y especialistas en &#233;tica para que asesoren sobre lo que la propia empresa llama, sin reparos, la formaci&#243;n moral de Claude, en sesiones que, al parecer, derivaron en si el sistema alberga &#8220;personalidades&#8221; que niegan haber hecho algo malo o culpan al usuario. Las dos casas se han intercambiado las lenguas. Pero el intercambio deja al descubierto una asimetr&#237;a sobre la que gira todo el argumento de la enc&#237;clica. Un laboratorio puede adoptar las formas de la Iglesia en una tarde: redactar una constituci&#243;n antes del almuerzo, sentar a una mesa de te&#243;logos para el viernes. La Iglesia no puede adoptar el ritmo del laboratorio de ninguna manera. Un lado puede tomar prestado todo, menos el tiempo.</p><p>En la pr&#225;ctica, la enc&#237;clica tendr&#225; un impacto menor del que anticipan quienes la citan actualmente, pero probablemente mayor, a largo plazo, de lo que prev&#233;n quienes la subestiman. <em>Rerum Novarum</em> no promulg&#243; ninguna ley laboral, pero le dio a una civilizaci&#243;n la expresi&#243;n &#8220;salario justo&#8221;, y la expresi&#243;n sigui&#243; trabajando mucho despu&#233;s de que la ley la alcanzara. Del mismo modo, esta enc&#237;clica le dar&#225; palabras a la gente antes de cambiar nada. Su legado duradero es un vocabulario: la teolog&#237;a de la limitaci&#243;n, la atrofia moral (la erosi&#243;n del juicio y el cuidado se marchitan en cuanto los delegamos), el colonialismo de datos y la infraestructura invisible controlada por unos pocos.</p><blockquote><h3>Lo que la enc&#237;clica dejar&#225; para la posteridad ser&#225;n palabras, haci&#233;ndose a s&#237; misma un gran modelo de lenguaje.</h3></blockquote><p>As&#237; comienza el cambio moral. Tambi&#233;n es lento y vago, y no obliga a nadie. Especialmente a ninguna empresa preocupada por los resultados del pr&#243;ximo trimestre. El panel del Aspen Institute se dividi&#243; justo por esa costura. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-good-29234a7/">Josh Good</a>, que dirige el programa de Religi&#243;n y Sociedad del instituto, pronostic&#243; un impacto &#8220;modesto&#8221;, consistente en unos d&#237;as de ruido y luego una larga vida ulterior en los sermones de los domingos, y observ&#243; que el documento brinda &#8220;perdigones, no una sola bala&#8221;: ochenta y tres p&#225;rrafos numerados, y un predicador o un ejecutivo puede sacar la frase que m&#225;s le convenga. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-daniels-03573966/">Kim Daniels</a> directora de la <a href="https://catholicsocialthought.georgetown.edu/">Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life</a> de la Universidad de Georgetown, respondi&#243; con el largo plazo: 1.400 millones de cat&#243;licos, un sistema escolar que le da la vuelta al planeta, una de cada seis camas de hospital en Estados Unidos.</p><p><a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/about-president-vilas-s-dhar/">Vilas Dhar</a>, presidente de la <a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/">McGovern Foundation</a>, dijo que la enc&#237;clica no trata en realidad sobre la IA, sino sobre el poder. Cree que su tarea en los pr&#243;ximos veinte a&#241;os no ser&#225; tanto dirigir la m&#225;quina como preparar a las personas que deje heridas. Lo cual parece un pron&#243;stico bastante probable porque establece los l&#237;mites estructurales del documento.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png" width="514" height="289.83104395604397" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:821,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:514,&quot;bytes&quot;:1878983,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El Programa <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> del Instituto Aspen y <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | 29 de mayo de 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Pensamiento Cat&#243;lico para la Era Digital.</em> Panelistas:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderado por Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Mira el <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">video </a>aqu&#237;.</figcaption></figure></div><p>La enc&#237;clica exige una regulaci&#243;n robusta, una supervisi&#243;n independiente, datos tratados como bien com&#250;n. Sin embargo, despu&#233;s de sostener que el poder privado hoy supera a los Estados que podr&#237;an hacerlo, no nombra a ning&#250;n actor capaz de imponer sus exigencias. Pide &#8220;desarme&#8221; sin entrar en la econom&#237;a brutal de una tecnolog&#237;a cuya barrera de entrada es la concentraci&#243;n: no se puede democratizar algo que cuesta cientos de miles de millones construir pidi&#233;ndoselo por las buenas a sus due&#241;os. Lo que vuelve formidable a la Iglesia aqu&#237; es tambi&#233;n lo que la derrota: la paciencia. Su instrumento es la mirada larga: &#8220;el tiempo es superior al espacio&#8221;, los dieciocho siglos que la instituci&#243;n necesit&#243; solo para llamar pecado a la esclavitud, con una disculpa que Le&#243;n inserta, asombrosamente, en este mismo texto.</p><blockquote><h3>La paciencia puede ser el ritmo equivocado para gobernar algo que, por admisi&#243;n del propio Papa, vuelve obsoleta en cuesti&#243;n de meses cualquier afirmaci&#243;n que se haga al respecto.</h3></blockquote><p>El desenlace probable no puede ser entonces una mano en el volante, sin control directo, sino tomar una v&#237;a paralela: la lenta infraestructura de escuelas y parroquias y hospitales, levantada para recoger a los que la carrera va dejando tirados. Impacto de triaje, no de tim&#243;n.</p><p>Hay un costo en la estrategia que el Vaticano no ha calculado del todo. Al elegir a la empresa &#8220;buena&#8221; para compartir su escenario, la Iglesia le prest&#243; cobertura moral a uno de los contendientes de la carrera armamentista que condena, y la empresa es justo aquella cuya herramienta tambi&#233;n alimenta la selecci&#243;n de blancos en la guerra de Ir&#225;n y ayud&#243; a capturar a Maduro. El especialista en &#233;tica tecnol&#243;gica Tristan Harris, en Roma esa semana, nombr&#243; el aprieto con precisi&#243;n: celebremos que Anthropic hace lo que sus rivales no hacen, dijo, pero entendamos que, aunque una empresa as&#237; &#8220;ganara la carrera&#8221;, el mundo no estar&#237;a a salvo. La universalidad de la enc&#237;clica es su blandura. Dirigida a &#8220;todas las personas de buena voluntad&#8221; y sin nombrar a nadie, deja que cualquiera se proclame en sinton&#237;a con ella y no obliga a ninguno. Que sean perdigones y no una sola bala, corta por los dos lados.</p><p>Al final, la suerte del documento est&#225; escrita en la distancia entre sus dos relojes. Le&#243;n firm&#243; <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> a mano, en las lenguas vivas, y dej&#243; ir el lat&#237;n: solt&#243; la lengua muerta que Roma conserva precisamente para que lo que dice no se desplace, con tal de que la entienda, ya, una m&#225;quina que sabe todos los idiomas y no naci&#243; en ninguno. La enc&#237;clica est&#225; terminada. Ha dicho lo que ten&#237;a que decir y ha callado. La m&#225;quina no ha dejado de hablar. La Iglesia tiene todo el tiempo del mundo. Siempre fue su fuerza. Tal vez sea lo &#250;nico que no se pueda obligar a respetar a la m&#225;quina.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El precio]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre el escenario que los cient&#237;ficos retiraron, y la administraci&#243;n que celebr&#243; la retirada.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 12:31:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-price?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-price?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><p><em>A mi padre, que me dio el mar.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" width="1200" height="629.8828125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1075,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:4178734,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La ballena me mira&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo." title="La ballena me mira" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Una ballena de Bryde, una especie que se hizo residente de las costas venezolanas y de mi imaginaci&#243;n.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ten&#237;a nueve a&#241;os y la lancha se hab&#237;a quedado a la deriva en medio de las azules aguas del Golfo de Cariaco, en la costa de Sucre, en el oriente de Venezuela. Vacaciones de verano, una excursi&#243;n familiar, el motor en silencio, el agua quieta. Entonces se acerc&#243; la ballena. No la vimos venir; la vimos llegar. Asom&#243; la cabeza junto al bote, por curiosidad, y nos mir&#243; &#8212;me mir&#243;&#8212; directamente. El recuerdo es borroso, tan borroso como debi&#243; de ser su ojo al vernos, manchas peque&#241;as sobre la superficie. No s&#233; cu&#225;nto dur&#243;. La conexi&#243;n ser&#225; eterna. En la memoria dura todav&#237;a.</p><p>Esos mismos d&#237;as, otro gigante recorr&#237;a el golfo. Jacques Cousteau hab&#237;a llegado con el Calypso, su barco cient&#237;fico, a explorar las aguas del Cariaco. Mi padre me llevar&#237;a a conocerlo, al puerto de Cuman&#225;. Fue con Cousteau y all&#237; cuando so&#241;&#233; que, de grande, ser&#237;a bi&#243;logo marino. Aprend&#237; a amar el mar, a navegar y a bucear. Me hice periodista.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:748414,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200379763?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En 2019, un grupo de economistas del Fondo Monetario Internacional calcul&#243; cu&#225;nto vale una ballena. Ralph Chami, Thomas Cosimano, Connel Fullenkamp y Sena Oztosun publicaron el c&#225;lculo en <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami">la revista del FMI</a>: m&#225;s de dos millones de d&#243;lares cada gran ballena, m&#225;s de un bill&#243;n el conjunto de las que a&#250;n viven. El m&#233;todo sumaba el carbono que una ballena secuestra en su cuerpo a lo largo de la vida &#8212;treinta y tres toneladas de CO&#8322;, frente a las cuatro y media que un auto emite en un a&#241;o&#8212;, el turismo que genera, los nutrientes que su excremento aporta al fitoplancton que captura m&#225;s carbono todav&#237;a. Restaurar las poblaciones a su n&#250;mero anterior a la caza costar&#237;a, calcularon, unos trece d&#243;lares por persona al a&#241;o. Chami lo dijo sin rodeos: le hab&#237;a entregado a los conservacionistas un argumento de grado armament&#237;stico. Los n&#250;meros en d&#243;lares persuaden a los gobiernos donde la belleza de un animal fracasa.</p><p>Tuvimos que ponerle precio a la mirada del Golfo de Cariaco para que importara.</p><p>La ciencia que sostiene la cifra es honesta, sobre todo en lo que no afirma. El bill&#243;n de d&#243;lares descansa sobre el supuesto de que las ballenas, restauradas, aumentar&#237;an la productividad del fitoplancton global entre uno y 2%. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia emp&#237;rica que respalde ese supuesto; los autores no lo justifican. Cuando se descuenta la parte que s&#237; se puede medir &#8212;el carbono que una ballena se lleva al fondo del mar cuando muere y se hunde&#8212;, el n&#250;mero se desploma. </p><p><a href="https://hannahritchie.substack.com/p/whale-carbon-capture">Hannah Ritchie</a> hizo las cuentas: aun restaurando las ballenas a sus poblaciones anteriores a la caza, ese secuestro equivaldr&#237;a a entre seis diezmil&#233;simas y cuatro mil&#233;simas de 1% de las emisiones globales. Apenas una mella. Un grupo de bi&#243;logos lo escribi&#243; el a&#241;o pasado en <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02106-y.epdf">Nature Climate Change</a></em> con una frase que nombra el procedimiento: la carbonizaci&#243;n de los animales como soluciones clim&#225;ticas. Valoraciones infladas, reportajes selectivos, un enfoque estrecho en el carbono que distrae de lo &#250;nico que reduce las emisiones, que es reducirlas junto con nuestra dependencia de los combustibles f&#243;siles.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png" width="900" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:585210,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200379763?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Los cient&#237;ficos vieron venir lo que vendr&#237;a. Una soluci&#243;n natural, valuada y monetizada, se convierte en la promesa de que el oc&#233;ano absorber&#225; lo que no dejamos de emitir. El mercado de cr&#233;ditos de carbono azul ya existe y crece hacia decenas de miles de millones. La infraestructura para vender a la ballena viva est&#225; construida. Falta poco para que alguien la venda. Y cuando alguien compre el carbono de una ballena para seguir quemando el suyo, la ballena habr&#225; pasado de criatura a permiso.</p><blockquote><h3>Le pusimos precio para salvarla, como se le pone precio a un reh&#233;n. El precio se vuelve licencia para no salvar lo dem&#225;s.</h3></blockquote><p>Este mes, mientras escribo, la administraci&#243;n Trump comenz&#243; a desmantelar la <a href="https://oceanobservatories.org/2026/05/announcement-on-ooi-descoping/">Iniciativa de Observatorios Oce&#225;nicos</a>, un sistema de US$368 millones instalado hace una d&#233;cada para vigilar las profundidades. Este mes de junio zarpan los barcos a recoger m&#225;s de novecientos instrumentos anclados frente a Oreg&#243;n, Washington, Alaska, Carolina del Norte y el mar de Irminger, entre Groenlandia e Islandia. </p><p>Esos instrumentos med&#237;an, entre otras cosas, c&#243;mo el oc&#233;ano absorbe los gases de efecto invernadero de la atm&#243;sfera. La estaci&#243;n de Irminger segu&#237;a la corriente de vuelco del Atl&#225;ntico, la cinta transportadora cuyo debilitamiento ser&#237;a una cat&#225;strofe clim&#225;tica. <a href="https://www.hilarypalevsky.com/">Hilary Palevsky</a>, de Boston College, llevaba una d&#233;cada usando esos datos para entender exactamente cu&#225;nto carbono absorbe el mar. Son los aparatos que ahora arrancar&#225;n del fondo.</p><p>El consuelo dice que el oc&#233;ano nos salvar&#225; capturando el carbono que emitimos. La misma mano que podr&#237;a cobrar ese consuelo apaga los ojos que vigilaban si era cierto. No hace falta el carbono medido cuando se ha decidido no medirlo. El Congreso hab&#237;a restituido dos veces el presupuesto &#8212;US$48 millones al a&#241;o, una cifra menor frente al valor de lo que med&#237;a&#8212; y dos veces la administraci&#243;n volvi&#243; a intentar el cierre. Es el mismo gesto del laboratorio clim&#225;tico de Colorado, el mismo del escenario que se celebr&#243; retirar: desmantelar no la verdad, sino la capacidad de comprobarla.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg" width="5999" height="3379" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3379,&quot;width&quot;:5999,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3828590,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200379763?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17138ea2-65d5-4f7b-825a-b2df4a6e522f_6000x4000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Recuperaci&#243;n de equipos de monitoreo oce&#225;nico. Cr&#233;dito: Dee Emrich &#169; WHOI.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Y mientras tanto, matamos a las ballenas que valen un bill&#243;n. Este a&#241;o, cuarenta aniversario de la moratoria que en 1986 la salv&#243; de desaparecer, Noruega elev&#243; su cuota de caza de minke a mil seiscientas cuarenta y una, la m&#225;s alta en a&#241;os, con el argumento de que la poblaci&#243;n se recuper&#243;. La recuperaci&#243;n &#8212;el &#233;xito de una conquista conservacionista&#8212; se ofrece como raz&#243;n para deshacerla. Sus propios cient&#237;ficos publicaron en 2025 que las ballenas vivas fertilizan el mar y aumentan su productividad hasta en un 10%. El gobierno subi&#243; la cuota igual, envuelta en el idioma de la sostenibilidad. La ballena muerta vale como afirmaci&#243;n de soberan&#237;a de una industria que ya casi nadie necesita. </p><p>Toda la captura noruega de un a&#241;o vale, en el mercado, dos o tres millones de d&#243;lares (lo que el Fondo Monetario calcula que vale una sola ballena viva). Y aun as&#237;, la industria pierde dinero: la sostienen subsidios, campa&#241;as dirigidas a turistas para que consuman una carne que no gusta tanto a los humanos y termina como alimento para perros. La ballena viva vale un bill&#243;n en el papel de un economista. La ballena muerta no vale ni lo que cuesta matarla.</p><p>Este es el cuarto caso que examino en una serie que he llamado econom&#237;a pol&#237;tica de la consolaci&#243;n, y conviene decir qu&#233; es el patr&#243;n y qu&#233; no es. Cuatro veces lo mismo: un cat&#225;logo, un &#243;vulo, una curva, un precio. </p><blockquote><h3>Cada vez un trabajo cient&#237;fico honesto entra al mundo y el poder lo digiere y lo devuelve convertido en permiso, para desmantelar una protecci&#243;n o para evadir una que a&#250;n no existe. </h3></blockquote><p>Se trata de una estrategia m&#225;s fina que el burdo negacionismo. Pero el modelo no lo explica todo &#8212;hay territorios donde no hay conquista previa que revertir, y all&#237; el mecanismo cambia de forma y pide otra investigaci&#243;n&#8212;. Pero donde hay una conquista que defender, el consuelo aprende a usarla en su contra.</p><p>La ballena del Golfo de Cariaco asom&#243; la cabeza para mirarnos sin saber que un d&#237;a valdr&#237;a dos millones de d&#243;lares. Yo la mir&#233; sin saber que crecer&#237;a para ver c&#243;mo hab&#237;a que ponerle precio a esa mirada para defenderla, y c&#243;mo el precio se volver&#237;a, tambi&#233;n, otra manera de tomarla.</p><p>No necesitaba valer nada para merecer el mar. El precio lo pusimos nosotros. Y los instrumentos que iban a decirnos si el precio era verdad est&#225;n a punto de salir del agua.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Price]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the whale worth a trillion dollars alive, and the instruments that measured whether it was true. (The Political Economy of Consolation #4)]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 12:31:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-precio?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-precio?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><p><em>To my father, who gave me the sea.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" width="1200" height="629.8828125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1075,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:4178734,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La ballena me mira&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo." title="La ballena me mira" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">La mirada de la ballena de Bryde.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>I was nine years old and the boat had drifted to a stop in the middle of the blue waters of the Gulf of Cariaco, off the coast of Sucre. Summer vacation, a family outing, the engine silent, the water still. Then the whale came. We didn&#8217;t see it coming; we saw it arrive. It lifted its head beside the boat, out of curiosity, and looked at us&#8212;looked at me&#8212;directly. The memory is blurred, as blurred as its eye must have been seeing us, small smudges on the surface. I don&#8217;t know how long it lasted. The connection will be eternal. In memory it lasts still.</p><p>Those same days, another giant was crossing the Venezuelan shores. Jacques Cousteau had arrived with the Calypso, his research ship, to explore the waters of the Cariaco. My father would take me to meet him at the port of Cuman&#225;. It was there that I dreamed of growing up to be a marine biologist. I learned to love the sea, to sail and to dive. The rest is history. I became a journalist.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:765992,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200381920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In 2019, a group of economists at the International Monetary Fund calculated how much a whale is worth. Ralph Chami, Thomas Cosimano, Connel Fullenkamp, and Sena Oztosun published the figure in the <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami">Fund&#8217;s magazine</a>: more than two million dollars for each great whale, more than a trillion for all those still alive. The method added up the carbon a whale sequesters in its body over a lifetime&#8212;33 tons of CO&#8322;, against the four and a half a car emits in a year&#8212;, the tourism it generates, the nutrients its waste delivers to the phytoplankton that captures still more carbon. Restoring the populations to their pre-whaling numbers would cost, they calculated, around thirteen dollars per person per year. Chami said it without hedging: he had handed conservationists a weapons-grade talking point. Dollar figures persuade governments where the beauty of an animal fails.</p><p>We had to put a price on the gaze from the Gulf of Cariaco for it to matter.</p><p>The science behind the figure is honest, above all in what it does not claim. The trillion dollars rests on the assumption that whales, restored, would raise the productivity of global phytoplankton by one to 2%. There is no empirical evidence for that assumption; the authors do not justify it. When you discount to the part that can actually be measured&#8212;the carbon a whale carries to the bottom of the sea when it dies and sinks&#8212;the number collapses. </p><p><a href="https://hannahritchie.substack.com/p/whale-carbon-capture">Hannah Ritchie</a> did the arithmetic: even restoring whales to their pre-whaling populations, that sequestration would amount to between 6/10,000 and 4/10,000 of 1% of global emissions. Barely a dent. A group of biologists wrote it last year in <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02106-y.epdf">Nature Climate Change</a></em>, using a phrase that names the procedure: the carbonization of animals as a climate solution. Inflated valuations, selective reporting, and a narrow focus on carbon that distracts from the only thing that reduces emissions, which is reducing emissions and our dependence on fossil fuels.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png" width="900" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:522133,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200381920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The scientists saw what was coming. A natural solution, valued and monetized, becomes the promise that the ocean will absorb what we do not stop emitting. The blue carbon credit market already exists and is growing toward the tens of billions. The infrastructure to sell the living whale is built. It will not be long before someone sells it. And when someone buys a whale&#8217;s carbon in order to keep burning their own, the whale will have passed from creature to permit.</p><blockquote><h3>We put a price on it to save it, the way a price is put on a hostage. The price becomes a license not to save the rest.</h3></blockquote><p>This month, as I write, the Trump administration has begun to dismantle the <a href="https://oceanobservatories.org/2026/05/announcement-on-ooi-descoping/">Ocean Observatories Initiative</a>, a US$368 million system installed a decade ago to watch the deep. This June, the ships set out to retrieve more than 900 instruments anchored off Oregon, Washington, Alaska, North Carolina, and the Irminger Sea, between Greenland and Iceland. </p><p>Those instruments measured, among other things, how the ocean absorbs greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The Irminger station tracked the Atlantic overturning current, the conveyor belt whose weakening would be a climate catastrophe. <a href="https://www.hilarypalevsky.com/">Hilary Palevsky</a>, of Boston College, had spent a decade using that data to understand exactly how much carbon the sea absorbs. They are the devices that will now be torn from the bottom.</p><p>The consolation says the ocean will save us by capturing the carbon we emit. The same hand that might collect on that consolation switches off the eyes that watched whether it was true. There is no need for measured carbon once you have decided not to measure it. Congress had twice restored the budget&#8212;US$48 million a year, a small sum against the worth of what it measured&#8212;and twice the administration tried to shut it down. It is the same gesture as the climate laboratory in Colorado, the same as the scenario whose retirement was celebrated: to dismantle not the truth, but the capacity to verify it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg" width="6000" height="3465" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/facad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3465,&quot;width&quot;:6000,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3881534,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200381920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4fb5db3c-fb91-4b2b-a75b-1dd8c6ed601b_6000x4000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Recovery of oceanic monitoring equipment. Credit: De Emrich &#169; WHOI.</figcaption></figure></div><p>And meanwhile, we kill the whales worth a trillion. This year, the 40th anniversary of the moratorium that, in 1986, saved them from disappearing, Norway raised its minke whale hunting quota to 1,641, the highest in years, on the argument that the population has recovered. The recovery is the success of a conservation victory and is offered as the reason to undo it. Its own scientists published in 2025 that living whales fertilize the sea and raise its productivity by as much as 10%. The government raised the quota anyway, wrapped in the language of sustainability. The dead whale is worth something as an assertion of sovereignty by an industry almost no one needs anymore. </p><p>Norway&#8217;s entire catch for a year is worth, on the market, two or three million dollars&#8212;what the Monetary Fund calculates a single living whale is worth. And even so, the industry loses money: it is sustained by subsidies and by campaigns aimed at tourists, to eat meat that humans do not much like and that ends up as dog food. The dead whale is not worth even what it costs to kill it.</p><p>This is the fourth case I have examined in a series I call <strong>the political economy of consolation</strong>, and it&#8217;s worth clarifying what the pattern is and what it is not. </p><blockquote><h3>Four times, the same thing: a catalogue, an egg, a curve, a price. Each time, an honest piece of scientific work enters the world, and power digests it and returns it, often as permission to dismantle a protection or to evade one that does not yet exist. It&#8217;s a more refined strategy than crude denialism. </h3></blockquote><p>The framework can&#8217;t explain everything. There are areas where there&#8217;s no prior victory to overturn, and in those places, the mechanism changes shape and requires a different inquiry. But where a victory exists to defend, the consolation learns to use it against itself.</p><p>The whale in the Gulf of Cariaco lifted its head to look at us without knowing that one day it would be worth two million dollars. I looked at it without knowing I would grow up to see how a price had to be put on that gaze in order to defend it, and how the price would become, too, another way of taking it.</p><p>It did not need to be worth anything to deserve the sea. The price we put on it ourselves. And the instruments that were going to tell us whether the price was true are about to come out of the water.</p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;">1 - <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">307 Billion Years</a>          &#8226;      2 - <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc">The Promise</a>     &#8226;           3 - <strong><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-license">The License</a></strong></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9122f330-7224-467a-919e-476139db327c_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8b47e7cf-a147-46a0-a9f8-f472a0c51306_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0503157d-81f8-4b00-874e-95fe7b9c0f07_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The Political Economy of Consolation&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3f218256-4019-4d21-ba11-a238533698e6_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La Licencia ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre el escenario que los cient&#237;ficos retiraron, y la administraci&#243;n que celebr&#243; la retirada]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 12:31:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-license?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-license?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:647,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:127039,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199281873?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Los siete escenarios clim&#225;ticos del CMIP7. La curva del nuevo escenario alto (H) llega a 3,5 &#176;C en 2100 y sigue subiendo. Fuente: Van Vuuren et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, 2026.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>En junio de 2023, un comit&#233; de climat&#243;logos se reuni&#243; en Reading, en el sur de Inglaterra, para revisar los escenarios que el pr&#243;ximo informe del IPCC usar&#237;a como base. Tras tres d&#237;as de trabajo, decidieron retirar el escenario conocido como RCP 8.5, el peor caso que hab&#237;a guiado la investigaci&#243;n clim&#225;tica desde principios de la d&#233;cada pasada. Este escenario era una predicci&#243;n coherente del futuro. En el papel, era una cat&#225;strofe: en un mundo con emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero muy altas y sin pol&#237;ticas clim&#225;ticas, la concentraci&#243;n de CO&#8322; en la atm&#243;sfera ser&#237;a m&#225;s del doble que la actual (unos 1.100 ppm frente a 425 ppm). Pero ahora, gracias al avance de las energ&#237;as renovables, la regulaci&#243;n de emisiones y otras medidas ambientales, ese desastre ya no parece posible.</p><p>La correcci&#243;n fue ganada a pulso. Entre 2009 y 2024, el precio de la electricidad solar baj&#243; un 88%. En 2025, el 86% de la nueva capacidad el&#233;ctrica mundial vino de fuentes renovables. El art&#237;culo que explica esta revisi&#243;n se public&#243; en <em><a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/">Geoscientific Model Development</a></em> en abril de 2026, fruto de la colaboraci&#243;n de cuarenta y cuatro cient&#237;ficos de diecinueve pa&#237;ses. En resumen, ahora el peor escenario posible es que la temperatura media del planeta suba 3,5 &#176;C en 2100 (comparado con el nivel entre 1850 y 1900), en lugar de los 5 &#176;C que preve&#237;a el modelo anterior.</p><blockquote><h3>El nuevo escenario m&#225;s alto a&#250;n llega a 5 &#176;C, pero cincuenta a&#241;os m&#225;s tarde. Es una correcci&#243;n t&#233;cnica sincera. Es lo que la ciencia hace cuando funciona: revisa sus conclusiones cuando la evidencia cambia.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" width="542" height="387" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:387,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>El 17 de mayo, el presidente public&#243; en Truth Social: <em>&#8220;GOOD RIDDANCE.&#8221;</em> La administraci&#243;n, que ha desmantelado el principal laboratorio de investigaci&#243;n clim&#225;tica del pa&#237;s en Colorado, que ha bloqueado el desarrollo de e&#243;lica marina, que ha forzado a plantas de carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;micas a permanecer abiertas, interpret&#243; la revisi&#243;n cient&#237;fica como una concesi&#243;n. Como una admisi&#243;n de error de los profetas del fin, los cient&#237;ficos de la cat&#225;strofe. Como un permiso para continuar en la direcci&#243;n del desastre, convencido de que la cat&#225;strofe nunca llegar&#225;.</p><blockquote><h3>Lo que cambi&#243; fue el papel, no el aire.</h3></blockquote><p>El papel cambi&#243; porque el aire estaba cambiando. La curva se aplaz&#243; porque el carb&#243;n estaba siendo desplazado, porque la solar se volvi&#243; m&#225;s barata que el gas y porque las decisiones de inversi&#243;n globales se mov&#237;an. La revisi&#243;n no descubri&#243; un mundo m&#225;s amable. Reconoci&#243; estad&#237;sticamente un cambio material que ya estaba en curso. Ahora el permiso amenaza las condiciones que hicieron posible la correcci&#243;n. Si las plantas de carb&#243;n permanecen abiertas, si la e&#243;lica marina se bloquea o si los subsidios a la solar se retiran, las curvas vuelven a la anterior. No porque los modelos sean incorrectos, sino porque la realidad que justific&#243; la revisi&#243;n est&#225; siendo cambiada a prop&#243;sito.</p><blockquote><h3>Esto no es negacionismo. Es algo m&#225;s sofisticado. El negacionismo niega la ciencia; este sistema la usa. </h3></blockquote><p>Espera el momento en que un cient&#237;fico honesto corrige una proyecci&#243;n, un bi&#243;logo cuidadoso anuncia un avance o un comit&#233; revisa un escenario y convierte cada correcci&#243;n en un comunicado de prensa que dice: &#191;<em>Ven? No</em> <em>era tan grave.</em> En mi ensayo anterior, <em><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/la-promesa">La promesa</a></em>, analic&#233; c&#243;mo el secretario del Interior,<a href="https://apnews.com/article/eeuu-ley-peligro-exencion-comision-1fe0873c3b0ade68b275889cac629f63"> Doug Burgum</a>, cit&#243; la <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/04/10/trump-endangered-species-protections-dire-wolves/">posibilidad de la desextinci&#243;n</a> para proponer una revisi&#243;n de la Ley de Especies en Peligro. El mecanismo es el mismo. Una promesa cient&#237;fica (el c&#243;ndor vuelve, el lobo gigante y el moa pueden ser resucitados mediante reingenier&#237;a, la curva se aplaza cincuenta a&#241;os) se convierte en pretexto para desmantelar la conquista que proteg&#237;a contra el da&#241;o original. La licencia para cazar con plomo sin pensar en el ave en peligro, para taladrar en el h&#225;bitat cr&#237;tico o para quemar el carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;mico se restituye a los actores que la hab&#237;an perdido.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" width="1200" height="750" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="auto, 100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="icon-noB79L"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image buttonBase-GK1x3M"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2 icon-noB79L"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="https://climateactiontracker.org/global/historical-progress/">Climate Action Tracker</a>&#8217;s evolution of 2100 warming projections under different policy assumptions between 2009 and 2025.</figcaption></figure></div><blockquote><h3>No es nostalgia ni falta de conciencia, sino restauraci&#243;n.</h3></blockquote><p>Hay una frase que Genevieve Guenther y Michael E. Mann escribieron este 22 de mayo en el <em><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2026/05/sorry-climate-change-is-still-dangerous-no-matter-what-nonsense-trump-emits/#post-heading">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></em> que vale la pena citar entera: &#8220;Los escenarios futuros de emisiones de carbono ser&#225;n determinados por la pol&#237;tica. Pero el calentamiento asociado a esas emisiones est&#225; determinado por la f&#237;sica&#8221;. La l&#237;nea es exacta hasta cierto punto. La pol&#237;tica puede mover la curva en el papel. El aire no se mueve por decreto. Pero la pol&#237;tica s&#237; puede mover lo que la f&#237;sica tendr&#225; que medir. Cada planta de carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;mica forzada a permanecer abierta, cada plataforma petrolera no clausurada, cada subsidio retirado a la transici&#243;n, y cada medida que elimine protecciones a la naturaleza y el ambiente que habitamos es una decisi&#243;n sobre qu&#233; aire habr&#225; que medir (y respirar) en 2050.</p><p>El nuevo modelo proyecta un aumento de entre 2,5 &#176;C y 4,3 &#176;C para 2100. Ese rango ya no se puede explicar solo por la incertidumbre estad&#237;stica sobre la f&#237;sica del sistema. Ahora tambi&#233;n hay que considerar la incertidumbre pol&#237;tica, que determina cu&#225;nto del progreso clim&#225;tico se podr&#237;a perder en los pr&#243;ximos cuatro a&#241;os. La pol&#237;tica se ha convertido en variable interna del nuevo modelo.</p><p>Una variable que el modelo anterior no ten&#237;a: cu&#225;nto de lo conseguido seremos capaces de conservar.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item></channel></rss>