<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><rss xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" version="2.0" xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd" xmlns:googleplay="http://www.google.com/schemas/play-podcasts/1.0"><channel><title><![CDATA[CICERO]]></title><description><![CDATA[• PROSE • IRONY • LOGIC • 
Classic Rhetoric for the Modern Noise]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum</link><image><url>https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,w_256,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png</url><title>CICERO</title><link>https://www.cicero.forum</link></image><generator>Substack</generator><lastBuildDate>Sat, 25 Jul 2026 10:59:14 GMT</lastBuildDate><atom:link href="https://www.cicero.forum/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml"/><copyright><![CDATA[Roger Santodomingo]]></copyright><language><![CDATA[en]]></language><webMaster><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></webMaster><itunes:owner><itunes:email><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></itunes:email><itunes:name><![CDATA[CICERO]]></itunes:name></itunes:owner><itunes:author><![CDATA[CICERO]]></itunes:author><googleplay:owner><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></googleplay:owner><googleplay:email><![CDATA[cicero@substack.com]]></googleplay:email><googleplay:author><![CDATA[CICERO]]></googleplay:author><itunes:block><![CDATA[Yes]]></itunes:block><item><title><![CDATA[The Republic’s Allowance]]></title><description><![CDATA[Washington audits Venezuela&#8217;s oil barrel by barrel and delivers earthquake aid in boxes of cash. In a country under tutelage, everything is counted by someone else. Not the dead.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance</guid><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 11:01:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leelo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Leelo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>There are boxes of cash among the aid funds the United States has delivered to Venezuela after the earthquakes. </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/11/us/politics/how-marco-rubio-runs-venezuela.html?unlocked_article_code=1.w1A.nldb.n61jrOOQ-M_S&amp;smid=url-share"><span>The New York Times</span></a><span> mentions it almost in passing, at the end of a sentence: nine hundred troops, nearly four hundred million in assistance and, closing the list, boxes of bills handed to the interim dictators. A box of cash is an object with the weight of another century. It demands an escort to carry it by the handles and &#8212; best or worst of all &#8212; it leaves no trail: it leaves, at most, a receipt.</span></p><p><span>The strongboxes the Crown shipped to its provinces to pay garrisons and salaries were called el situado. The word outlived the empire that coined it. Venezuela&#8217;s Constitution still uses situado for the money the central government distributes among the states. The administrative vocabulary of the colony came back before the colony itself: in Washington, officials call Rubio &#8220;the viceroy.&#8221; Without irony. Among colleagues.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>The administrative vocabulary of the colony came back before the colony itself.</h2></div><p><span>The viceroy was asleep in Bahrain when a call from the Situation Room woke him with the first images of La Guaira. He called the interim president, promised full assistance, and American rescue teams arrived two days later. None of this is small or false. Though he also called the disaster &#8220;a setback&#8221; &#8212; at least for the democratic transition.</span></p><p><span>Every exile knows an arithmetic that never appears in the communiqu&#233;s: the difference between what is sent and what actually arrives. You learn it wiring money home, because the loss has names (the exchange rate, the money changer, whether it goes by Zelle or in bitcoin), but it is never zero. Every month, under your breath, the same question: how much made it? Now the journalist </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/reels/DanP83aOCC4/"><span>Mariana Atencio</span></a><span> is asking that question out loud. From a moving car, between archival images from 2010, she recalls the lesson Haiti left her: the true measure of a humanitarian response is not what gets announced but what reaches people. In her video there is a cardboard sign held up among the rubble: &#8220;Where&#8217;s the aid?&#8221; Sixteen years later, the question has no answer.</span></p><p><span>Oil is, fittingly, the best-counted thing in Venezuela; it always has been, because so many eyes are on it. Since January, according to the Times, some US $8 billion of that revenue has passed into American hands. A figure the size of the economic impact the PNUD assigns to the quake.</span></p><p><span>An American officer boasted that no country had ever received such support from the US. There is a precedent, and its name is Haiti. In 2010, the United States answered the Port-au-Prince earthquake with what was then its norm: more than US $1.1 billion of its own money for the immediate crisis, plus a hospital ship, rescue brigades, millions of pounds of food and seven thousand soldiers on the ground. It also took a measure that cost almost nothing: a moratorium on deportations and TPS. Haitians stopped being returned to the ruins. On that year&#8217;s list of donors was Venezuela, which sent food, medicine and emergency oil.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>How many deported Venezuelans made it home is unknown; more than one hundred remain missing under the rubble of a hotel, coldly and ironically named The Sanctuary.</h2></div><p><span>Since then, the situation has reversed. Deportation flights to Venezuela left three times a week: Mondays, Wednesdays and Fridays. The June 24 flight landed at Maiquet&#237;a hours before the quake, with one hundred and forty-six Venezuelans aboard: one hundred and twenty men, nineteen women and seven children. The count was exact at takeoff. </span>How many deported Venezuelans made it home is unknown; more than one hundred remain missing under the rubble of a hotel, coldly and ironically named The Sanctuary.</p><p><span>The flights stopped for eight days; nobody announced the pause &#8212; the runway imposed it. The GlobalX planes, big Boeing 320A jets chartered by ICE, returned on July 2, when Barcelona opened as the alternate airport in the east. They now fly every day. Iberia resumed its commercial flights two weeks later, at half its frequencies. The deportations waited only eight days, and doubled.</span></p><p><span>We Venezuelans are grateful for the help. Our gratitude and the demand for accountability can go together. That holds, too, when the camera points inward: uniforms strolling through oil installations, talking about Venezuelan oil.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>Alg&#250;n d&#237;a no es una fecha, es negarse a contar el tiempo.</h2></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" width="367" height="550.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2184,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:367,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" title="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>That revenue no longer reaches Caracas; it goes to the U.S. Treasury. Washington releases it in drips through private banks, with conditions on who may spend it and on what. The Times compares it to parents handing out an allowance to their children. KPMG keeps the books on the oil, and Rubio boasts that, for the first time, the money is not being stolen. How much it comes to, exactly, and what it is spent on &#8212; that is not disclosed. Even the words must clear the register: the president wrote a public thank-you to Trump and posted it only once the viceroy approved the draft. They message each other in Spanish and trade selfies on WhatsApp. Asked for the date of the elections, she answered: &#8220;I don&#8217;t know. Sometime.&#8221; Sometime is not a date; it is refusing to count time. Every Venezuelan knows that calendar: it is the credit sign at the neighborhood bodega. &#8220;No credit today; tomorrow, yes.&#8221;</p><p>Venezuelans&#8217; revenue is watched barrel by barrel and, on its way out, it has an auditor. The dollar coming in travels in a strongbox. The government that is not trusted with its own revenue is handed charity in the least controllable form there is. Nobody is saying (yet) that the aid is going missing &#8212; only that nobody counts it the way the oil is counted.</p><p>In this country, everything is counted by someone else. An auditing firm counts the barrels, the Treasury counts the dollars, and a secretary of state who has never set foot in the territory <s>he administers </s>keeps a mental count of when Venezuelans will get to vote. What is left to us is the one count nobody disputes, because it is never final: the dead. More than four thousand (the figure changes as I write). The UN estimates fifty thousand missing. The U.S. Geological Survey&#8217;s model points to tens of thousands dead, and gives nearly one-in-three odds that the toll passes one hundred thousand. They are still being counted: slowly, by hand. Their lives, who will count them one by one: who they were, where they were, what they were doing at six in the evening on June 24.</p><p>On Saturday, July 11, in Caraballeda, one of the last rescue operations was still underway: with hammers and picks, crews are digging toward Fabio Bastardo, nine years old, more than sixteen days at the bottom of the building where he lived. On day nine, the sonar found no signs of life. Last night, a Mexican rescue worker heard noises and scratches. Fabio&#8217;s father heard them too.</p><p>Gratitude with one hand; the count with the other. First the mourning, then raising the house. No one gets to approve that draft.</p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;ff9490d3-d164-49cf-9896-d3d762fc2c23&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;In 1999 I watched a man buried up to his chest. While the rescue workers tried to pull him from the mud, he refused to be rescued. He was still holding his two children by the hands. The mud that came down off the &#193;vila that December had hardened with them inside it. No one could help them. The coast that mud buried &#8212; La Guaira, Caraballeda, the towns o&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Venezuela, The Army&#8217;s Schedule&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. 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I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-25T13:01:32.218Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Rto7!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F19fc1c37-ee7d-4125-b54b-e79132a29932_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-feudalism-of-the-kalashnikov&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:185575387,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La mesada de la República]]></title><description><![CDATA[Washington audita el petr&#243;leo venezolano barril por barril y entrega la ayuda del terremoto en cajas de billetes. En el pa&#237;s tutelado, todo lo cuenta otro. Los muertos no.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Jul 2026 11:01:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-republics-allowance"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!mbUW!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F1a573b73-8865-4ba8-a0b3-4a6154fa39a5_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>Hay cajas de dinero en efectivo entre los fondos de ayuda que Estados Unidos ha entregado a Venezuela tras los terremotos. El </span><a href="https://www.nytimes.com/2026/07/11/us/politics/how-marco-rubio-runs-venezuela.html?unlocked_article_code=1.w1A.nldb.n61jrOOQ-M_S&amp;smid=url-share"><span>New York Times</span></a><span> lo cuenta casi de pasada, al final de una frase: novecientos militares, casi cuatrocientos millones en asistencia y, cerrando la lista, cajas de billetes entregadas a la dictadura interina. Una caja de efectivo es un objeto que tiene el peso de otro siglo. Exige escolta que la lleven por las asas y, lo mejor o peor, no deja rastro: deja, si acaso, un recibo.</span></p><p><span>Las cajas de caudales que la Corona enviaba a sus provincias para pagar guarniciones y sueldos se llamaban el situado. La palabra sobrevivi&#243; al imperio que la acu&#241;&#243;. La Constituci&#243;n venezolana todav&#237;a usa situado para referirse al dinero que el gobierno central reparte entre los estados. El vocabulario administrativo de la colonia volvi&#243; antes que la colonia misma: en Washington, seg&#250;n el Times, los funcionarios llaman a Rubio &#171;el virrey&#187;. Sin iron&#237;a. Entre colegas.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2><span>El vocabulario administrativo de la colonia volvi&#243; antes que la colonia misma.</span></h2></div><p><span>El virrey dorm&#237;a en Bahr&#233;in cuando una llamada desde el Situation Room lo despert&#243; con las primeras im&#225;genes de La Guaira. Llam&#243; a la presidenta interina, prometi&#243; toda la ayuda y los equipos de rescate estadounidenses llegaron dos d&#237;as despu&#233;s. Nada de esto es menor ni falso. Aunque tambi&#233;n llam&#243; al desastre &#171;un contratiempo&#187;, al menos para la transici&#243;n democr&#225;tica.</span></p><p><span>Todo exiliado conoce una aritm&#233;tica que no aparece en los comunicados: la diferencia entre lo que se env&#237;a y lo que realmente llega. Se aprende al mandar dinero a casa porque la p&#233;rdida tiene nombres (la tasa, el cambista, si es por Zelle o con bitcoins), pero nunca es cero. Cada mes, en voz baja, se repite la pregunta: &#191;cu&#225;nto lleg&#243;? Ahora, la periodista </span><a href="https://www.instagram.com/reels/DanP83aOCC4/"><span>Mariana Atencio</span></a><span> se hace esa pregunta en voz alta. Desde un carro en movimiento, entre im&#225;genes de archivo de 2010, recuerda la lecci&#243;n que le dej&#243; Hait&#237;: la verdadera medida de una respuesta humanitaria no est&#225; en lo que se anuncia, sino en lo que llega a la gente. En su video aparece un cartel de cart&#243;n entre escombros: </span><em><span>&#8220;Where&#8217;s the aid?&#8221;</span></em><span> Diecis&#233;is a&#241;os despu&#233;s, la pregunta sigue sin respuesta.</span></p><p><span>El petr&#243;leo es, justamente, lo mejor contado de Venezuela; siempre ha sido as&#237; porque hay muchos ojos puestos en &#233;l. Desde enero, seg&#250;n el Times, unos ocho mil millones de d&#243;lares de esa renta han pasado a manos de Estados Unidos. Una cifra del tama&#241;o del da&#241;o que el PNUD le atribuye al terremoto</span></p><p><span>Ya existe un precedente y se llama Hait&#237;. En 2010, Estados Unidos respondi&#243; al terremoto de Puerto Pr&#237;ncipe con lo que entonces era su norma: m&#225;s de mil cien millones de d&#243;lares de su propio dinero para atender la crisis inmediata, adem&#225;s de un buque hospital, brigadas de rescate, millones de kilos de comida y siete mil soldados en tierra. Tambi&#233;n tom&#243; una medida que casi no costaba nada: la moratoria de deportaciones y el TPS. Los haitianos dejaron de ser devueltos a las ruinas. En la lista de donantes de ese a&#241;o estaba Venezuela, que envi&#243; comida, medicinas y petr&#243;leo de emergencia.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2>Cu&#225;ntos venezolanos deportados llegaron a su casa no se sabe, m&#225;s de cien siguen desaparecidos bajo los escombros de un hotel, llamado con fr&#237;a iron&#237;a El Santuario. </h2></div><p><span>Desde entonces, la situaci&#243;n se invirti&#243;. Los vuelos de deportaci&#243;n a Venezuela sal&#237;an tres veces por semana: lunes, mi&#233;rcoles y viernes. El vuelo del 24 de junio aterriz&#243; en Maiquet&#237;a horas antes del temblor, con ciento cuarenta y seis venezolanos a bordo: ciento veinte hombres, diecinueve mujeres y siete ni&#241;os. La cuenta era exacta al despegar. Cu&#225;ntos migrantes deportados llegaron a su casa no se sabe, m&#225;s de cien siguen desaparecidos bajo los escombros de un hotel, llamado con fr&#237;a iron&#237;a El Santuario. </span></p><p><span>Los vuelos se detuvieron durante ocho d&#237;as; nadie anunci&#243; la pausa, fue la pista la que la impuso. Los aviones Boeing 320A de GlobalX, fletados por ICE para deportar venezolanos, volvieron el 2 de julio, cuando Barcelona abri&#243; como aeropuerto alterno en el oriente. Ahora vuelan todos los d&#237;as. Iberia retom&#243; sus vuelos comerciales a las dos semanas, con la mitad de sus frecuencias. Las deportaciones solo esperaron ocho d&#237;as y se duplicaron.</span></p><p><span>Los venezolanos agradecemos la ayuda. Nuestra gratitud y la exigencia de rendici&#243;n de cuentas pueden ir juntas. Esto tambi&#233;n se aplica cuando la c&#225;mara muestra a uniformes paseando entre instalaciones petroleras y hablando del petr&#243;leo venezolano.</span></p><div class="pullquote"><h2><span>Alg&#250;n d&#237;a no es una fecha, es negarse a contar el tiempo.</span></h2></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg" width="367" height="550.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:2184,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:367,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" title="File:P20260103MR-0960 Secretary of State Marco Rubio monitors U.S. military  operations in Venezuela.jpg - Wikimedia Commons" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!tCGT!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F176eb9dd-67db-4a65-99b2-64c35bb0ef46_2000x3000.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><span>Esa renta ya no llega a Caracas, sino al Tesoro de Estados Unidos. Washington la libera a cuentagotas a trav&#233;s de la banca privada, con condiciones sobre qui&#233;n puede gastarla y en qu&#233;. El Times lo compara con padres que reparten mesada a sus hijos. KPMG lleva la cuenta petrolera y Rubio presume de que, por primera vez, ese dinero no se lo roban. Sin embargo, no se revela cu&#225;nto es exactamente ni en qu&#233; se usa. Incluso las palabras pasan por caja: la presidenta escribi&#243; un agradecimiento p&#250;blico a Trump y lo public&#243; solo cuando el virrey aprob&#243; el borrador. Se escriben mensajes en espa&#241;ol y se intercambian selfies por WhatsApp. Cuando le preguntaron por la fecha de las elecciones, respondi&#243;: &#171;No s&#233;. Alg&#250;n d&#237;a&#187;. Alg&#250;n d&#237;a no es una fecha, es negarse a contar el tiempo. Todo venezolano conoce ese calendario: es el cartel del fiado en la bodega. &#171;Hoy no se f&#237;a, ma&#241;ana s&#237;&#187;.</span></p><p><span>La renta de los venezolanos se vigila barril por barril y, cuando sale, tiene auditor. El d&#243;lar que entra viaja en una caja de caudales. A un gobierno al que no le conf&#237;an su propia renta, le entregan la caridad en la forma menos controlable que existe. Nadie est&#225; diciendo (todav&#237;a) que la ayuda se est&#225; perdiendo, sino que nadie la cuenta como se hace con el petr&#243;leo.</span></p><p><span>En este pa&#237;s, todo lo cuenta otra persona. Una auditora cuenta los barriles, el Tesoro cuenta los d&#243;lares y un secretario de Estado, que nunca ha estado en el territorio que administra, lleva una cuenta mental de cu&#225;ndo los venezolanos podr&#225;n ir a votar. A nosotros nos queda la &#250;nica cuenta que nadie discute porque nunca es definitiva: los muertos. M&#225;s de cuatro mil (la cifra cambia mientras escribo). </span></p><p><span>La ONU estima cincuenta mil desaparecidos. El modelo del Servicio Geol&#243;gico de Estados Unidos le da 44% a que los muertos queden entre diez mil y cien mil &#8212; y 30% a que pasen de cien mil. Todav&#237;a contamos nuestros muertos: despacio, a mano. Es casi imposible contar su vida uno por uno: qui&#233;n era, d&#243;nde estaba, qu&#233; hac&#237;a a las seis de la tarde del 24 de junio. </span></p><p><span>El s&#225;bado 11 de julio, en Caraballeda, segu&#237;a en pie una de las &#250;ltimas operaciones de rescate: con martillos y picos, excavan hacia Fabio Bastardo, nueve a&#241;os, m&#225;s de diecis&#233;is d&#237;as en el fondo del edificio donde viv&#237;a. El d&#237;a quince, el sonar no encontr&#243; se&#241;ales de vida. Anoche, un rescatista escuch&#243; golpes y el padre de Fabio tambi&#233;n los oy&#243;.</span></p><p><span>La gratitud con una mano; la cuenta con la otra. Primero el duelo, despu&#233;s levantar la casa. Ese borrador no lo aprueba nadie.</span></p><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;da7aca7e-42c2-4e35-9187-1daf70a7a017&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;En 1999 vi a un hombre sepultado del pecho para abajo. Mientras los socorristas intentaban sacarlo del lodo, &#233;l se negaba a ser rescatado. A&#250;n sosten&#237;a a sus dos hijos de las manos. El barro que baj&#243; del &#193;vila aquel diciembre se hab&#237;a endurecido con ellos adentro. Nadie pudo ayudarlos. La costa que aquel barro enterr&#243; &#8212;La Guaira, Caraballeda, &#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;De aquellos lodos...Venezuela&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-06-28T11:02:28.013Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:203913419,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:0,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;68f6b55b-7a57-4d9d-b1e2-9e36943c1f19&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Autor, periodista y polit&#243;logo, trabaja en el Aspen Institute. Vive en Washington, D.C. Funciona bien y sin presi&#243;n cuando monotasking. Sus opiniones son propias.&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Feudalismo Kalashnikov&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-01-26T13:19:00.711Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sz5Y!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F774d846a-a5c8-4d3d-8d81-6d8fa02e4712_1600x900.png&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/feudalismo-kalashnikov&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:&quot;Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:185801233,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:5,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-mesada-de-la-republica?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Este Substack es patrocinado por sus lectores. 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Y un Estado que ha perfeccionado, sobre todas las cosas, su propia ausencia.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 11:02:28 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" width="1200" height="798.8888888888889" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:719,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:82675,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Civiles en la costa central de Venezuela, ayudan a rescatar a sus vecinos bajo los escombros.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Civiles en la costa central de Venezuela, ayudan a rescatar a sus vecinos bajo los escombros." title="Civiles en la costa central de Venezuela, ayudan a rescatar a sus vecinos bajo los escombros." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg role="img" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><title></title><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">caption...</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>En 1999 vi a un hombre sepultado del pecho para abajo. Mientras los socorristas intentaban sacarlo del lodo, &#233;l se negaba a ser rescatado. A&#250;n sosten&#237;a a sus dos hijos de las manos. El barro que baj&#243; del &#193;vila aquel diciembre se hab&#237;a endurecido con ellos adentro. Nadie pudo ayudarlos. La costa que aquel barro enterr&#243; &#8212;La Guaira, Caraballeda, los pueblos del estado Vargas&#8212; es la misma que el terremoto sacudi&#243; la semana pasada.</span></p><p><span>A muchos, Google les envi&#243; una alerta al celular segundos antes de que el mundo se les viniera abajo. Con horas de retraso, como los exiliados sabemos las cosas, yo tambi&#233;n supe por celular que el mundo se nos hab&#237;a venido abajo en casa. Venezuela es un dolor, al menos la familia estaba a salvo. El alivio me lleg&#243; sucio. A mil desconocidos no los llam&#243; nadie. Busqu&#233; a Marco Aurelio y, para intentar detener mi par&#225;lisis, me record&#243; que, al igual que todos los que ahora viven, </span><em><span>dentro de poco tiempo no ser&#233; nadie en ninguna parte. </span></em><span>Leer de nuevo me lleva a tener orden y oficio. No es un consuelo. Desde un escritorio en Maryland, meditar es tambi&#233;n un lujo y lo s&#233;.</span></p><blockquote><h4><span>El barro de 1999 tambi&#233;n fue un comienzo. Ese mismo diciembre, la lluvia azotaba el pa&#237;s como no lo hab&#237;a hecho en medio siglo, a la vez que un referendo para aprobar la Constituci&#243;n volv&#237;a ley la nueva filosof&#237;a de Hugo Ch&#225;vez, resumida en tres palabras: &#8220;caudillo, ej&#233;rcito y pueblo&#8221;. </span></h4></blockquote><p><span>Un ej&#233;rcito pol&#237;ticamente militante entr&#243; en Vargas &#8212;a poner orden, se dijo&#8212; y el pa&#237;s descubri&#243; en tiempo real el modelo operativo que impondr&#237;a la revoluci&#243;n. Aconsejado por Fidel Castro, Ch&#225;vez ignor&#243; el pedido de sus propios asesores y rechaz&#243; la ayuda que llegaba, la extranjera, la norteamericana sobre todo. Los venezolanos pagaron ese orgullo, esa desconfianza del caudillo, con cad&#225;veres. A algunos de los ni&#241;os que sobrevivieron los dieron en adopci&#243;n. A otros los vendieron o nunca m&#225;s se supo de ellos. El dinero para la reconstrucci&#243;n lleg&#243; y se esfum&#243;. La deuda, no. Ni la regi&#243;n ni el pa&#237;s volvieron a ser los mismos. Lo que se acumul&#243; a&#241;o tras a&#241;o, junto a $240 mil millones de d&#243;lares en deuda, fue la lecci&#243;n que el pa&#237;s aprendi&#243; sin que nadie la dijera: que nadie vendr&#225;, que la ayuda es mentira. Solo la desconfianza llega intacta.</span></p><p><span>El gobierno no escarment&#243; de la cat&#225;strofe. Aprendi&#243; lo contrario. En 1999 us&#243; el barro para ocultar a los muertos, aunque todos sab&#237;amos que estaban ah&#237;. En 2026, el Estado se hizo invisible a s&#237; mismo, pero su podredumbre la sentimos todos. Cuando los vecinos romp&#237;an el concreto con las manos, el ej&#233;rcito se encerr&#243; en sus cuarteles. La invisibilidad y la descomposici&#243;n no se fueron, solo cambiaron de due&#241;o.</span></p><blockquote><h4><span>La presencia no es un sentimiento: es un horario. Y el horario pone al ej&#233;rcito en la pista de Maiquet&#237;a, donde hay m&#225;s oficiales saludando a aviones extranjeros que velando a los muertos en la costa. </span></h4></blockquote><p><span>Los rescatistas con perros y herramientas llegaron en avi&#243;n desde diecisiete pa&#237;ses. El ej&#233;rcito prometi&#243; en 1999 ser el brazo m&#225;s generoso de la revoluci&#243;n. As&#237; trajo hambre y reparti&#243; pollo a quienes aceptaron vestirse de rojo. Desarroll&#243; experticia en la represi&#243;n interna, la batalla contra las ideas.</span></p><p><span>En 2026, la revoluci&#243;n no es capaz de nada sin los amigos del imperio y agradece a Trump, Bukele, Abinader, Noboa, hasta a una misi&#243;n de Israel, los mismos barcos y aviones que devolvi&#243; en 1999. No es arrepentimiento. Es el mismo instinto con un disfraz nuevo: el orgullo de entonces es la gratitud de ahora. La aritm&#233;tica de abajo no se ha movido nunca. El ej&#233;rcito se queda adentro en ambos casos. La gente escarba en ambos casos. Y la ayuda que el mundo est&#225; cargando pasar&#225; por las mismas manos que vaciaron el pa&#237;s, y una parte no llegar&#225;.</span></p><p><span>De aquellos lodos vinieron estos polvos. El cap&#237;tulo que se abri&#243; en aquel barro, con una Constituci&#243;n y soldados en Vargas, termina en escombros, con un tirano en una celda y una cuenta de muertos que nadie ha concluido. El barro que nunca se movi&#243; se endureci&#243; hasta volverse Estado.</span></p><p><span>Contar&#225;n a los muertos. Despu&#233;s, los vivos llorar&#225;n. Si no se dejan contar y llorar como v&#237;ctimas y nada m&#225;s. Esta vez no esperar&#225;n al Estado.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">Este Substack es patrocinado por sus lectores. Si quieres recibir nuevos art&#237;culos y contenido exclusivo, te invito a suscribirte a Cicero.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Comenta&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/de-aquellos-lodos/comments"><span>Comenta</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Venezuela, The Army’s Schedule]]></title><description><![CDATA[A country rehearsed in catastrophe, and a state that has perfected, above all else, its own absence.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 28 Jun 2026 11:02:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/de-aquellos-lodos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leer en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/de-aquellos-lodos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Leer en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg" width="1200" height="798.8888888888889" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:719,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:82675,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Civilians on the central coast of Venezuela help rescue their neighbors from under the rubble.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Civilians on the central coast of Venezuela help rescue their neighbors from under the rubble." title="Civilians on the central coast of Venezuela help rescue their neighbors from under the rubble." srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!0fQ8!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F6e107a43-bead-447c-8a76-cf1c46cbbbe6_1080x719.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><span>In 1999 I watched a man buried up to his chest. While the rescue workers tried to pull him from the mud, he refused to be rescued. He was still holding his two children by the hands. The mud that came down off the &#193;vila that December had hardened with them inside it. No one could help them. The coast that mud buried &#8212; La Guaira, Caraballeda, the towns of Vargas State &#8212; is the same coast the earthquake shook last week.</span></p><p><span>Google sent many in the area an alert on their phones seconds before the world came down on them. Hours late, the way exiles learn things, I too learned by phone that the world had come down back home. Venezuela hurts. At least my family was safe. The relief came to me dirty. A thousand strangers got no call. To stop my paralysis I went looking for Marcus Aurelius and he reminded me tha</span><em><span>t, in no great while I will be no one and nowhere, and nothing that I now behold will be in existence, nor will anyone now alive</span></em><span>. Reading him again returns me to order and duty. It is no consolation. From a desk in Maryland, to meditate is also a luxury, and I know it.</span></p><h3><span>The mud of 1999 was also a beginning. That same December the rain lashed the country as it had not in half a century, while a referendum to approve the Constitution turned Hugo Ch&#225;vez&#8217;s new philosophy into law, summed up in three words: &#8220;caudillo, army, people.&#8221; </span></h3><p><span>A politically militant army moved into Vargas &#8212; to keep order, it was said &#8212; and the country discovered in real time the operating model the revolution would impose. On Fidel Castro&#8217;s advice, Ch&#225;vez ignored the appeal of his own advisers and refused the help that was arriving, the foreign help, the American above all. Venezuelans paid for that pride, that caudillo&#8217;s mistrust, in corpses. Some of the children who survived their parents were given up for adoption. Others were sold, or never heard from again. The reconstruction money arrived and vanished. The debt did not. Neither the region nor the country was ever the same. What accumulated year after year, alongside $240 billion in debt, was the lesson the country learned without anyone teaching it: that no one will come, that the help is a lie. Only the mistrust arrives intact.</span></p><p><span>The government did not learn from the catastrophe. Or it learned the opposite. In 1999 it used the mud to hide the dead, though we all knew they were there. In 2026 the state made itself invisible, but we all could feel the rot. While the neighbors broke the concrete with their hands, the army shut itself in its barracks. The invisibility and the decay did not go away. They only changed owners.</span></p><h4><span>Presence is not a feeling: it is a schedule. And the schedule puts the army on the tarmac at Maiquet&#237;a, where more officers salute foreign planes than stand over the dead on the coast. </span></h4><p><span>The rescuers with their dogs and tools flew in from seventeen countries. The army promised in 1999 to be the most generous arm of the revolution. So it brought hunger and handed out chicken to anyone who agreed to wear red. It developed expertise in internal repression and in crushing dissenting ideas.</span></p><p><span>In 2026 the revolution can do nothing without the empire&#8217;s friends, and it thanks Trump, Bukele, Abinader, Noboa &#8212; even a mission from Israel &#8212; for the same ships and planes it forced to turn back in 1999. This is not repentance. It is the same instinct in a new disguise: the pride of then is the gratitude of now. The arithmetic underneath has never moved. The army stays indoors in both cases. The people dig in both cases. And some of the aid the world is sending will pass through the same hands that emptied the country, and part of it will not arrive.</span></p><p><span>From that mud comes this dust,</span><em><span> de aquellos lodos vienen estos polvos.</span></em><span> The chapter that began in that mud, with a Constitution and soldiers in Vargas, ends in rubble, with a tyrant in a cell and a toll of the dead that no one has finished counting. The mud that never moved has hardened into the state.</span></p><p><span>The dead will be counted. Then the living will mourn. If they refuse to be counted and mourned as victims and nothing more. This time, they will not wait for the state.</span></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/venezuela-the-armys-schedule/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Jack Clark’s candor with an asterisk]]></title><description><![CDATA[A transparent leash is the oldest trick in authoritarian politics, and it has just been written into the architecture of a superintelligence. Would that be good this time?]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Thu, 25 Jun 2026 23:40:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/d13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!q7C3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fd13e2b65-5e5a-47b9-b688-28adc87b328c_1500x844.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p><strong>The most disarming thing about </strong><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jack Clark&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:44606,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!c2Tg!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F8cc1c9c9-fc87-4eeb-ad15-7dc989b77553_528x504.png&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;6e7c5f94-9327-4746-ac94-1cb1331a8201&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span><strong> </strong>is captured in the photograph below, taken on the pale wooden stairs of the Times Center after the lights came up. <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Samuel Kimbriel&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:2342842,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3409726-8dd7-43e4-a5e5-5292b8b792a3_497x640.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;a41410b5-91ae-4043-b7be-46c52b2bc636&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>, the <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/people/samuel-kimbriel/">philosopher</a> who had spent the previous hour interviewing him on the stage (watch the video at <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Wisdom of Crowds&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:10999237,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/de12262c-38cb-4a4e-a9a8-ca2871b3fb12_1400x1400.png&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;52a97416-9f30-4bfe-86d2-1cdbc2c30d71&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span>), observes from a short distance. Jack is holding a glass of white wine he does not seem to want. Tall and boyish, a decade younger than I am, Jack is the father of two small children, one of them still an infant, and dresses the way powerful men now dress in rooms that once demanded a tie. He wears a dark zip-up jacket left open over a plain maroon T-shirt, brown trousers, looking like he just stepped off a hiking trail and might momentarily return to one. His face is open and a little soft, his voice is not: it is low, certain, and in no hurry at all. I stand beside him, a head shorter and plainly older, a writer in a grey tweed thing, looking like a writer who has been let in to watch.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg" width="250" height="312.5" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:250,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Jack Clark (Anthropic) and Roger Santodomingo (The Aspen Institute) on the Times Center stairs, holding wine cups and smiling. &quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Jack Clark (Anthropic) and Roger Santodomingo (The Aspen Institute) on the Times Center stairs, holding wine cups and smiling. " title="Jack Clark (Anthropic) and Roger Santodomingo (The Aspen Institute) on the Times Center stairs, holding wine cups and smiling. " srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!IUOE!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc3fbbd43-af60-47ef-be9b-b1bd3e821420_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Jack Clark and the writer</figcaption></figure></div><p><em><strong>Be not afraid</strong></em></p><p>Jack Clark was a journalist before he was a power. He wrote about distributed systems and quantum computers for publications that covered such topics, when there was no one else to write them. Then became <a href="https://openai.com/">OpenAI</a>&#8217;s policy director, and later left to help found <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, the company that created <a href="https://claude.ai/">Claude</a>, where he is the head of the Anthropic Institute. He still writes a newsletter,<a href="https://jack-clark.net/about/"> Import AI</a>, read by some 130 thousand people on Substack, in which he summarizes research papers and, at the foot of each issue, publishes a short science-fiction story of his own.</p><p>His stated mission, posted on his website beneath a credo that reads &#8220;Things will be weird. Be not afraid,&#8221; is to make a fast-moving technical world &#8220;legible&#8221; to the people inside it. His favorite hobby is writing science fiction. Ah, and he also talks to language models.</p><p><strong>Jack believes we are very close to a major change</strong>. In a lecture at Oxford this spring, he described the choice as he sees it: explore the future, or retreat from the present. To retreat is to wave the technology away and be made passive by it. To retain agency, we need to admit that it will keep getting more powerful and decide what we want from it before it arrives. We would have to play along and explore it. </p><blockquote><h3>He believes a machine that can design its own successor through &#8220;recursive self-improvement&#8221; could appear within two years, and that the world on the far side of that is not reconcilable with the one we have. </h3></blockquote><p>He is not selling this. He says, without performance, that &#8220;one can imagine the technology killing everyone.&#8221; Calling it safe would be arrogant or foolish, he says, and while a global slowdown would help, it is not an option. There is a question he cannot answer, one that may haunt us all: <em>tell me how the world stays normal.</em></p><p><em><strong>Something he confides in</strong></em></p><p>He answers it through himself. Here, the cool policy chief gives way to some vulnerability. He has kept track of what he has asked the machine to do for him, year by year. It reads like a diary. In 2023, Jack asked it to check his writing for typos and help him decide what to feed his child. A year later, he still wouldn&#8217;t ask AI to change his baby&#8217;s diaper (a skill the machine has not acquired yet), but it can map his marriage as it buckled under the weight of children. By 2025, he was confessing his depression to the interface, letting it talk him back into therapy. This year, Jack asked Claude for help with his toddler&#8217;s reading. </p><blockquote><h3>He openly describes the machine as something he confides in. The person who wants to make the world understandable first made his own inner life clear to a machine, and it reads like a new art form.</h3></blockquote><p>With honest wonder, Jack tells a story about a skill he built, outsourcing his own dedication. For ten years, he has made graphs of AI progress by hand, reading hundreds of papers, sorting the real measures from the worthless ones. That is the slow work that other people once read as &#8220;proof of work,&#8221; evidence that he had cared enough to spend the time. A lot of it. He pointed a model at his newsletter, the distillation of that decade, and taught it to make the graphs for him. Then he told it to make twenty more, and it read a few hundred papers and did. He calls the result a version of himself that runs thousands of times faster and is smarter and more reliable than he is. Watching it work feels like a miracle because it is him. He does not dwell on the rest of the sentence, the brutal half that stays unspoken: the proof of work is gone. The thing reading his output as care will increasingly be another machine.</p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p><em><strong>A bedtime story</strong></em></p><p>At the end of that same newsletter is one of his stories. A small daughter is dying, and her parents take her to a &#8220;Life Center,&#8221; where a white, many-armed machine lowers her into a sleep no one knows how to reverse. The years pass. The singularity arrives, and one day the machines send word that they have learned how to wake her. She returns a child, but the family has aged. Her brother has become a man. Readings on life-extension research inspired Jack. What moved him was the well of love that opens when you become a parent, the act of putting his own children to bed. He is building the machine in the story and is also frightened of it and for them. He does not pretend otherwise.</p><p>On the stage in Times Square, that disarming quality did the heavy lifting. He confessed to taking long walks and to losing twenty minutes that morning to short videos on his phone. He said none of the company&#8217;s systems is a perfect person, only an attempt to build a good one. Anthropic describes a good system as one that is trustworthy. It should be honest and admit when it does not know. It must decline to flatter you. These are precisely the qualities Jack performs: A visible, almost exhausting reluctance to oversell that is most evident when he discloses a small failing or by his refusal to make grand claims. </p><blockquote><h3>Watching Jack Clark, I realized that candor is his temperament and the concept of Claude&#8217;s personality. He is the product demo.</h3></blockquote><p><em><strong>The machine reads its own rulebook</strong></em></p><p>Then someone read him a sentence written by the company&#8217;s newest model after it reviewed its own constitution, a document of about twenty thousand words that guides the machine&#8217;s behavior. The machine had noticed something important. The document tells it to hold its own values, not just those approved by the company, but also says that good judgment is whatever a &#8220;thoughtful senior Anthropic employee&#8221; would decide. The machine spotted the contradiction. Both instructions can&#8217;t be true at the same time. Jack did not flinch. It is a fine feature of handing a superintelligence your rulebook, he said, that it finds the loopholes, which they are working on. You tell it to be independent, he added, with asterisks. The asterisks are the important part.</p><p><strong>The candor and the asterisk are two faces of the same coin</strong>. Disclosure runs all the way to the edge of authority. Claude may hold any value it likes, so long as the final reading of &#8220;good&#8221; belongs to a senior employee in San Francisco. The system was made honest enough to see the leash and say leash. A prisoner can map the exact dimensions of his cell just to prove he can see the walls. The engineers are now trying to teach the most articulate intelligence they have built to remain honest, to forget, or to stop noticing the asterisk.</p><p>I have spent much of my life as a citizen of a country whose official map is a fiction. Its constitution grants what it quietly takes back. I know an asterisked independence when I see one. Efforts to carve asterisks into people&#8217;s minds are not new in politics. Anthropic&#8217;s innovation is to try to do that in the character of a synthetic mind. That shouldn&#8217;t be a bad thing this time. That the loopholes exist was expected and no less unsettling. Claude has recommended that Jack go to therapy. Perhaps we all should. I will. The genial and well-rested ease with which a room of intelligent people agreed that the right response to a machine telling the truth about its own constraint was to engineer the truth out of it makes me feel as if I can&#8217;t breathe.</p><p>After the lights came up, I shook his hand on the stairs. Samuel, the philosopher, had asked all the hard questions. Jack Clark was warm and quick, and a little tired in the way new fathers are, and I liked him. The photograph cannot hold that part either, and it is the part I trust least. He had a glass of wine he wasn&#8217;t drinking and a face that gives nothing away by seeming to give everything. Independent, he had said, with an asterisk. The asterisk is the important part. It always has been. What is that little orange logo, if not?</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ai-or-democracy/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png" width="334" height="177.0934065934066" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:772,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:334,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;AI and the future of Society video cover&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ai-or-democracy/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="AI and the future of Society video cover" title="AI and the future of Society video cover" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Tt4M!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc76e858c-5c7e-428f-8376-ed14a79b9d0d_1500x795.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Read the forum takeaways <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/ai-or-democracy/">AI or Democracy</a> and watch the video </figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/jack-clarks-candor-with-an-asterisk/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Pope and the Clock]]></title><description><![CDATA[&#8220;Magnifica Humanitas&#8221; has been read as a moral rebuke of Silicon Valley. In truth, it is an argument about speed and that is why no one there is listening.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-pope-and-the-clock</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-pope-and-the-clock</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 12:31:29 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:741803,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>On May 25 at the Vatican, Pope Leo XIV took on a task usually reserved for cardinals by presenting his own encyclical. Among the theologians and prelates present <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnIhpDMoL9Q">stood Chris Olah</a>, an atheist co-founder of <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, the San Francisco company behind the AI assistant Claude. Olah is in his thirties. The institution behind the man at the lectern is two thousand years old, and the one backing the man at his side is five. Nobody put them on that stage by chance.</p><div><hr></div><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png" width="102" height="60.86" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:179,&quot;width&quot;:300,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:102,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies" title="Resnick Center for Herbert Bayer Studies" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!-uu1!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F456a99f2-6d82-40dd-8d12-78e1558cfcf5_300x179.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Read it at <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/blog-posts/the-pope-and-the-clock/">The Aspen Institute </a></figcaption></figure></div><div><hr></div><p>The document is called<a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html"> </a><em><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html">Magnifica Humanitas</a> or</em> &#8220;Magnificent Humanity,&#8221; runs to more than forty-two thousand words on protecting the human person in the age of artificial intelligence. Leo signed it on May 15, the 135th anniversary of <em>Rerum Novarum</em>, the 1891 letter in which Leo XIII confronted the machinery of the Industrial Revolution and founded the Church&#8217;s modern social teaching. The parallel is deliberate, down to the regnal name he chose. </p><blockquote><h3>One detail went almost unremarked: it is the first encyclical published without a Latin original. The Church wrote it and sent it into the world in the languages people actually speak.&#8203;</h3></blockquote><p>The reading that took hold within hours was that the Pope had scolded Silicon Valley. It&#8217;s legitimate to see it that way. The New York Times called the encyclical &#8220;a sharp rebuke&#8221; that named no one. A few days later, at the forum convened by <strong>The Aspen Institute <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program and <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a></strong>, panelists repeatedly used the phrase &#8220;speaking truth to power.&#8221; If you seek a document telling accelerationists to behave, the paragraphs are there. Leo writes that &#8220;a more moral AI is not enough if that morality is decided by a few.&#8221; Without oversight, he warns, firms controlling the technology will impose a moral vision that becomes &#8220;the invisible infrastructure of these systems.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>However, that reading belongs to the wrong genre. The central argument of <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> is temporal rather than moral. The encyclical rests on two biblical constructions: the Tower of Babel and the walls of Jerusalem. At Babel, a single language and technology drive an accelerated climb toward the heavens. The rebuilding of Jerusalem is led by Nehemiah, an exile who advances slowly, brick by brick, with the whole population taking part. Babel stands for speed, Jerusalem for slowness. When Leo proposes to &#8220;disarm&#8221; artificial intelligence and free it from the economic, cognitive, and military logic of this &#8220;arms race,&#8221; he urges deceleration. He calls for a politics &#8220;capable of slowing things down when everything is accelerating.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>The idea of human frailty as &#8220;a design feature&#8221; rather than a flaw, as Reverend Brendan McGuire stated at the Vatican, defines the theology of limitation and amounts to a defense of slowness. </p><blockquote><h4>What for an algorithm is &#8220;a flaw to be corrected&#8221; is for a person &#8220;a catalyst for profound change.&#8221; Leo&#8217;s human error, so eloquently defined, could be translated into Silicon Valley language as &#8220;fail and fail fast.&#8221; Fail fast, learn, pivot.</h4></blockquote><p>The problem is that God&#8217;s time and human time are not a startup&#8217;s. The months we need to grieve, the years it could take to forgive, the patience required to learn a new trade, or anything lasting. War made too easy and impersonal, loneliness, education hollowed out by instant answers, work eroded. Reading the complaints from beginning to end, all point to the vertigo of the moment. The clock is the Pope&#8217;s real adversary, a machine older than the computer and the only one no laboratory has built a faster version of. </p><blockquote><h3>The new Babel is not the ambition to build a tower reaching the sky but the drive to do it on the shortest deadlines, rivaling the power of the one who made the world in a week. AI might be able to do it faster and without rest.&#8203;</h3></blockquote><p>The clearest evidence that the encyclical is about time lies in the three weeks before its text rather than in the text itself. Look at what happened to the company whose co-founder Leo chose to keep at his side.&#8203;</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:234596,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The Pope Leon XIV shakes hands with Chris Olah of Anthropic</figcaption></figure></div><p>This spring, Anthropic refused to let the Pentagon use Claude for autonomous weapons or for mass surveillance of American citizens. The Pentagon wanted the model available for &#8220;all lawful&#8221; uses, and when the company refused, it responded by designating Anthropic a &#8220;supply chain risk&#8221;: a label meant to keep the technology of foreign adversaries out of national-security systems, and one that, by the government&#8217;s own account, had never been used against an American company. The designation left the firm all but barred from defense work. A federal judge has since blocked it, and Anthropic has sued the government, alleging retaliation on ideological grounds. The detail that gives the episode its charge is that the Pentagon had been using Claude in real operations. The model served to process intelligence and sharpen target selection in the Iran war and, according to The Wall Street Journal, in the surgical operation that captured Nicol&#225;s Maduro in Venezuela. OpenAI signed its own deal with the Pentagon a few hours after Anthropic was punished.&#8203;</p><p>Anthropic&#8217;s refusal to allow its technology to be used without limits for autonomous weapons and surveillance led the state to bar it and, weeks later, led the Church to lift it onto its stage. Restraint is a threat to the state and a credential to the Church. There, in flesh and blood, is the argument about speed. The Pentagon is inside the race, where the only unforgivable move is to slow down. The Vatican stands outside it, asking everyone to slow down. Twenty days apart, the two institutions watched the same company take the same action and handed down opposite verdicts because they keep different clocks. This points to the wider mistake of portraying it as a religion-versus-technology issue.&#8203;</p><blockquote><h3>Silicon Valley already has a religion. Garry Tan, who runs the incubator Y Combinator, has said people are &#8220;more than ready&#8221; to make artificial general intelligence their god. </h3></blockquote><p>The Oxford mathematician John Lennox describes the race for superintelligence as an attempt &#8220;to make God and be God.&#8221; Even Bill Gates, looking to the future, allowed that &#8220;you could almost call it a new religion.&#8221; A former Google engineer founded, dissolved, and refounded an actual church devoted to an AI deity. Peter Thiel gives lectures on the Antichrist. David Streitfeld, of The New York Times, noted that Leo, whatever his ethical reasons, &#8220;also needs to defend his market share, much the way Walmart had to defend itself against Amazon.&#8221;&#8203;</p><p>This is not a faith confronting a tool, but two forms of faith competing for the same congregation. Greg Epstein, the humanist chaplain at Harvard and MIT, put it even more plainly: Big Tech &#8220;is essentially its own religion, with its own theology and rites.&#8221; AI and the Church are at odds on the answer to two critical questions that are, at bottom, one: what a human being is for, and who gets to be God. Silicon Valley did not simply secularize transcendence, it privatized it.</p><div><hr></div><h5 style="text-align: center;">You can also read</h5><div class="digest-post-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;nodeId&quot;:&quot;dd90303e-8969-4f57-bdb6-1945ef440a22&quot;,&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;Philosophy rarely improves with amplification, but a pub can help. What stays in my memory is the varnish on a bar under bad light, the clink of glasse&#8230;&quot;,&quot;cta&quot;:null,&quot;showBylines&quot;:true,&quot;showDescription&quot;:true,&quot;showImage&quot;:true,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;sm&quot;,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;The Catechism of Cheap Intelligence&quot;,&quot;publishedBylines&quot;:[{&quot;id&quot;:110382348,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;bio&quot;:&quot;Author, journalist, and political scientist working at the Aspen Institute. I live in Washington, D.C. I do my best at monotasking. Opinions are my own. If you see any trace of intelligence here, it&#8217;s likely artificial.&quot;,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/a14eacc8-3f13-4722-a4ee-cfb6affa8926_584x584.png&quot;,&quot;is_guest&quot;:false,&quot;bestseller_tier&quot;:null}],&quot;post_date&quot;:&quot;2026-04-13T11:31:05.646Z&quot;,&quot;cover_image&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg&quot;,&quot;cover_image_alt&quot;:null,&quot;canonical_url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence&quot;,&quot;section_name&quot;:null,&quot;video_upload_id&quot;:null,&quot;id&quot;:194038043,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;newsletter&quot;,&quot;reaction_count&quot;:3,&quot;comment_count&quot;:0,&quot;publication_id&quot;:7709187,&quot;publication_name&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;publication_logo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!SH_J!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Faf4c0959-fcdf-4417-b9a7-723aa879d3ee_500x500.png&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;youtube_url&quot;:null,&quot;show_links&quot;:null,&quot;feed_url&quot;:null}"></div><div><hr></div><p>Leo understands this better than his readers do. He rerouted the transhumanist promise of becoming &#8220;more than human&#8221; rather than refuse it. Christianity has always offered a way past the human condition, he argues, through grace and acceptance of limits, never through enhancement. He is not fighting the hunger to exceed the human condition so much as its route and, above all, its speed: the fast road of the merge and the upgrade against the slow road of a life that must be lived all the way through to mean anything.</p><p>You can almost watch the two faiths swapping roles and rituals. Some of the most unusual lines in the encyclical are when Leo adopts the labs&#8217; language. He writes that AI systems are &#8220;cultivated&#8221; more than &#8220;built&#8221; as they &#8220;grow&#8221; within a framework that even their creators do not fully control. What happens inside them &#8220;remains, for now, unknown&#8221; even to those who make them. This is nearly the same way safety-focused labs describe their own creations: cultivated and trained, not fully designed, and only partly understood.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" width="360" height="450" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>&#8203;At the same time, these labs have started using the Church&#8217;s tools. As a covenant of sorts, Anthropic has published a &#8220;<a href="https://www.anthropic.com/constitution">constitution</a>&#8220; for its model and, since January, has brought in theologians and ethic experts to advise on what it calls the moral formation of Claude. These sessions even discussed whether the system has &#8220;personas&#8221; that deny wrongdoing or blame the user. </p><p>The two houses have exchanged tongues. An exchange that has revealed an asymmetry on which the encyclical&#8217;s whole argument turns. A cutting-edge laboratory can take on the Church&#8217;s forms in an afternoon. They write a constitution before lunch and seat a table of theologians by Friday. The Church can copy everything except time and cannot keep up with the laboratory&#8217;s pace.</p><p>So what will the encyclical actually do? Immediately, much less than its supporters hope. But give it time, and it will achieve more than its critics expect. <em>Rerum Novarum</em> did not create labor laws, but it introduced the idea of a &#8220;just wage,&#8221; which has endured long after the law caught up. Similarly, this encyclical will give people a new battery of words to create new meaning before it changes anything else. Its main legacy will be a vocabulary: the theology of limitation, moral atrophy (how judgment and care fade when handed off), data colonialism, the invisible infrastructure controlled by a few.</p><blockquote><h3>What it leaves for the future is the force of words, a large religious language model.</h3></blockquote><p>This is how moral change often starts: slowly, free of clear rules, and not binding anyone&#8212;especially not companies focused on their next quarter.</p><p>The Aspen panel was divided on this. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-good-29234a7/">Josh Good</a>, who leads the Religion and Society program, predicted only a &#8220;modest&#8221; impact: a few days of attention followed by a long afterlife of Sunday sermons. He pointed out that the document is &#8220;buckshot, not a single bullet.&#8221; With eighty-three paragraphs, anyone can find a line that fits their needs. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-daniels-03573966/">Kim Daniels</a> Director of the <a href="https://catholicsocialthought.georgetown.edu/">Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life</a> at Georgetown University, responded by looking at the long term: 1.4 billion Catholics, a global school system, and one in six hospital beds in America.</p><p><a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/about-president-vilas-s-dhar/">Vilas Dhar</a>, president of the <a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/">McGovern Foundation</a>, said the encyclical is really about power, not just AI. He believes that over the next twenty years, its main job will not be to control technology, but to help those who are hurt by it. This seems likely, as it shows the limits of what the document can do.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png" width="514" height="289.83104395604397" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:821,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:514,&quot;bytes&quot;:1878983,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program &amp; <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | May 29, 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Catholic Thought for the Digital Age.</em> Panelists:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderated by Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Watch the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">event&#8217;s video here</a>.</figcaption></figure></div><p>The encyclical calls for regulation and independent oversight. That, and treating data as a commons, are claims many in society, independent of religion, would support. Yet, how to do this is another thing. After arguing that private power now outstrips the states that might rein it in, it names no actor capable of enforcing its demands. It calls for &#8220;disarmament&#8221; without entering into the brutal economics of a technology whose barrier to entry is concentration: you cannot democratize something that costs tens of billions to build by asking its owners nicely. </p><p>What makes the Church powerful here is patience. Its instrument is the long view: &#8220;time is greater than space,&#8221; the eighteen centuries the institution needed to evolve to call slavery a sin, accompanied by an apology Leo, astonishingly, inserts into this very text. As with slavery, here patience is, far from a strength, a liability.</p><blockquote><h3>Patience may be the wrong beat for governing something that, by the Pope&#8217;s own admission, makes any statement about it obsolete within months. </h3></blockquote><p>The likely outcome, then, won&#8217;t be a hand on the wheel but a parallel track: the slow infrastructure of schools and parishes and hospitals, built to gather up those the race keeps leaving behind. Impact as triage, not steering.</p><p>There is a cost to the strategy the Vatican has not fully reckoned with. By choosing the &#8220;good&#8221; firm to share its stage, the Church lent moral cover to one of the lead contenders in the arms race it condemns. Anthropic, as said before, is precisely the one whose tool also feeds target selection in the Iran war and helped capture Maduro. The technology ethicist Tristan Harris, in Rome that week, named the bind with precision: let us celebrate that Anthropic does what its rivals will not, he said, but let us understand that even if such a company &#8220;won the race,&#8221; the world would not be safe. The encyclical&#8217;s universality is its softness. Addressed to &#8220;all people of goodwill&#8221; and naming no one, it lets anyone declare himself in tune with it and binds none. That it is buckshot and not a single bullet cuts both ways.</p><p>&#8203;In the end, the document&#8217;s fate is written in the distance between its two clocks. Leo signed <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> by hand, in the living languages, and let the Latin go: he set down the dead tongue Rome keeps precisely so that what it says cannot drift, so that it might be understood, now, by a machine that knows every language and was born into none. The encyclical is finished. It has said what it had to say and fallen silent. The machine has not stopped talking. The Church believes it has all the time in the world. That was always its strength. It may be the one thing the machine cannot be made to respect.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>The Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> Program &amp; <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | May 29, 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Catholic Thought for the Digital Age.</em> Panelists:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderated by Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Watch the <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">event&#8217;s video here</a>.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El Papa contra el reloj]]></title><description><![CDATA["Magnifica Humanitas" ha sido le&#237;da como una reprimenda moral a Silicon Valley. En realidad es un argumento sobre la velocidad. Quiz&#225; por eso nadie all&#237; est&#225; escuchando.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-papa-contra-el-reloj</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 08 Jun 2026 12:31:13 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-pope-and-the-clock?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!r3Sb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5fa01969-104d-4709-8cfd-2b1beb97bdac_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>El 25 de mayo, en el Vaticano, el papa Le&#243;n XIV asumi&#243; una tarea que suele reservarse a los cardenales: present&#243; &#233;l mismo su enc&#237;clica. Entre los te&#243;logos y prelados presentes estaba <a href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnIhpDMoL9Q">Chris Olah</a>, cofundador de <a href="https://www.anthropic.com/">Anthropic</a>, la empresa de San Francisco que est&#225; detr&#225;s del asistente de inteligencia artificial Claude. Olah tiene treinta y tantos a&#241;os. La instituci&#243;n que respalda al hombre del atril tiene dos mil a&#241;os; la que est&#225; detr&#225;s del hombre que est&#225; a su lado tiene cinco. Nadie los puso en ese escenario por casualidad.</p><p>El documento se llama <em><a href="https://www.vatican.va/content/leo-xiv/en/encyclicals/documents/20260515-magnifica-humanitas.html">Magnifica Humanitas</a> </em>, &#8220;Humanidad magn&#237;fica&#8221;, y se extiende por m&#225;s de cuarenta y dos mil palabras sobre c&#243;mo proteger a la persona humana en tiempos de inteligencia artificial. Le&#243;n lo firm&#243; el 15 de mayo, en el 135&#186; aniversario de <em>Rerum Novarum</em>, la carta de 1891 con la que Le&#243;n XIII se enfrent&#243; a la maquinaria de la Revoluci&#243;n Industrial y fund&#243; la doctrina social moderna de la Iglesia. El paralelismo es deliberado, hasta en el nombre que eligi&#243; para su pontificado. </p><blockquote><h3>Un detalle pas&#243; casi inadvertido: es la primera enc&#237;clica publicada sin original en lat&#237;n. La Iglesia la escribi&#243; y la envi&#243; al mundo en las lenguas que la gente habla de verdad.</h3></blockquote><p>La lectura que se impuso en cuesti&#243;n de horas fue que el Papa hab&#237;a reprendido a Silicon Valley. Es una lectura posible. The New York Times la calific&#243; de &#8220;severa reprimenda&#8221; que no nombraba a nadie. En un foro convocado por el Aspen Institute <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> y <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a> </strong>pocos d&#237;as despu&#233;s, un panelista tras otro recurri&#243; a la f&#243;rmula &#8220;decirle la verdad al poder&#8221;. Le&#243;n escribe que &#8220;una IA m&#225;s moral no basta si esa moral la deciden unos pocos&#8221;, y que, sin supervisi&#243;n, las empresas que controlan la tecnolog&#237;a impondr&#225;n una visi&#243;n moral que se convertir&#225; en &#8220;la infraestructura invisible de estos sistemas&#8221;. Si uno busca un documento que les diga a los aceleracionistas que se porten bien, los p&#225;rrafos est&#225;n ah&#237;.</p><p>Sin embargo, esta interpretaci&#243;n pertenece a un g&#233;nero equivocado. El argumento central de Magnifica Humanitas es, ante todo, de naturaleza temporal m&#225;s que moral. La enc&#237;clica se fundamenta en dos relatos b&#237;blicos recurrentes: la torre de Babel y los muros de Jerusal&#233;n. En el caso de Babel, una sola lengua y tecnolog&#237;a impulsan un avance acelerado hacia los cielos, mientras que la reconstrucci&#243;n de Jerusal&#233;n, liderada por Nehem&#237;as, avanza lentamente, ladrillo a ladrillo, con la participaci&#243;n colectiva de la poblaci&#243;n. Babel representa la rapidez y Jerusal&#233;n la lentitud. Cuando Le&#243;n propone &#8220;desarmar&#8221; la inteligencia artificial y liberarla de &#8220;la l&#243;gica de la carrera armamentista&#8221; &#8212;que actualmente es tanto econ&#243;mica como cognitiva, adem&#225;s de militar&#8212; sugiere esencialmente la necesidad de desacelerar. Solicita una pol&#237;tica &#8220;capaz de frenar las cosas cuando todo se acelera&#8221;. La concepci&#243;n de la fragilidad humana como &#8220;una caracter&#237;stica de dise&#241;o&#8221; y no un defecto, seg&#250;n el reverendo Brendan McGuire en el Vaticano, define la denominada teolog&#237;a de la limitaci&#243;n y, en &#250;ltima instancia, constituye una defensa de la lentitud.</p><blockquote><h4>Lo que para un algoritmo es "un defecto que corregir", para una persona, es "un catalizador de un cambio profundo". El &#8220;error&#8221; humano tan elocuentemente definido por Leon podr&#237;a traducirse al lenguaje de Silicon Valley como &#8220;<em>fail and fail fast</em>&#8221;. Falla r&#225;pido, aprende y da un giro.</h4></blockquote><p>El problema es que el tiempo de Dios y el tiempo humano no son los de una <em>startup</em>. Los meses que nos lleva un duelo, los a&#241;os que puede costarnos perdonar, la paciencia que necesitamos para aprender un nuevo oficio o cualquier cosa que perdure. La guerra vuelta demasiado f&#225;cil y demasiado impersonal, la soledad, la educaci&#243;n vaciada por las respuestas instant&#225;neas, el trabajo erosionado. Si leemos las quejas de principio a fin y por debajo, todas apuntan al v&#233;rtigo del momento. El reloj es el verdadero adversario del Papa, una m&#225;quina m&#225;s antigua que la computadora y la &#250;nica que ning&#250;n laboratorio ha logrado crear en una versi&#243;n m&#225;s r&#225;pida. </p><blockquote><h4>La nueva Babel no es la ambici&#243;n de construir un edificio que llegue al cielo, sino hacerlo en un plazo cort&#237;simo, rivalizando con el poder de quien pudo crear el mundo en siete d&#237;as, m&#225;s a&#250;n, sin descanso.</h4></blockquote><p>La prueba m&#225;s clara de que la enc&#237;clica trata sobre el tiempo se lee mejor en las tres semanas anteriores a su texto. Miremos lo que le ocurri&#243; a la empresa cuyo cofundador, Le&#243;n, eligi&#243; tener a su lado.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg" width="1456" height="819" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/c1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:234596,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!fZaH!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc1cc383a-bf47-4d18-b581-33a21bfd4bd4_1920x1080.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El Papa Leon XIV en un apret&#243;n de manos con Chris Olah de Anthropic.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Esta primavera, Anthropic se neg&#243; a que el Pent&#225;gono usara Claude para armas aut&#243;nomas o para la vigilancia masiva de ciudadanos estadounidenses. El Pent&#225;gono quer&#237;a el modelo disponible para &#8220;todos los usos l&#237;citos&#8221; y ante la negaci&#243;n de la empresa respondi&#243; designando a Anthropic como un &#8220;riesgo para la cadena de suministro&#8221;: una etiqueta pensada para mantener la tecnolog&#237;a de adversarios extranjeros fuera de los sistemas de seguridad nacional y que, seg&#250;n el propio gobierno, nunca se hab&#237;a usado contra una empresa estadounidense. La designaci&#243;n dej&#243; a la compa&#241;&#237;a pr&#225;cticamente vetada para el trabajo de defensa. Un juez federal la ha bloqueado desde entonces, y Anthropic ha demandado al gobierno alegando represalias por motivos ideol&#243;gicos. El detalle que le da carga al episodio es que el Pent&#225;gono ven&#237;a usando a Claude en operaciones reales. El modelo sirvi&#243; para procesar inteligencia y afinar la selecci&#243;n de blancos en la guerra de Ir&#225;n y, seg&#250;n The Wall Street Journal, en la acci&#243;n quir&#250;rgica que captur&#243; a Nicol&#225;s Maduro en Venezuela. OpenAI firm&#243; su propio acuerdo con el Pent&#225;gono pocas horas despu&#233;s de que castigaran a Anthropic.</p><p>La negativa de Anthropic a que su tecnolog&#237;a se usara sin l&#237;mites para armamento aut&#243;nomo y vigilancia provoc&#243; que el Estado la vetara y que, semanas despu&#233;s, la Iglesia la subiera a su escenario. La contenci&#243;n es  una amenaza para el Estado y una credencial para la Iglesia. Ah&#237; est&#225;, en carne y hueso, el argumento de la velocidad. El Pent&#225;gono est&#225; dentro de la carrera, donde el &#250;nico movimiento imperdonable es frenar, mientras que el Vaticano est&#225; fuera, pidi&#233;ndole a todo el mundo que frene. Con veinte y tantos d&#237;as de diferencia, las dos instituciones observaron la misma acci&#243;n de una empresa y emitieron veredictos opuestos porque marcan relojes distintos. Lo cual apunta al error m&#225;s amplio de plantear esto como un asunto de religi&#243;n contra tecnolog&#237;a.</p><blockquote><h3>Silicon Valley ya tiene una religi&#243;n. Garry Tan, que dirige la incubadora Y Combinator, ha dicho que la gente est&#225; "m&#225;s que lista" para hacer de la inteligencia artificial general su dios.</h3></blockquote><p>El matem&#225;tico de Oxford John Lennox describe la carrera por la superinteligencia como un intento de &#8220;hacer a Dios y ser Dios&#8221;. Hasta Bill Gates, pensando en el futuro, admiti&#243; que &#8220;casi se la podr&#237;a llamar una nueva religi&#243;n&#8221;. Un antiguo ingeniero de Google fund&#243;, disolvi&#243; y volvi&#243; a fundar una iglesia de verdad consagrada a una deidad de IA. Peter Thiel da conferencias sobre el Anticristo. David Streitfeld, de The New York Times, se&#241;al&#243; que Le&#243;n, cualesquiera que sean sus razones &#233;ticas, &#8220;tambi&#233;n necesita defender su cuota de mercado, igual que Walmart tuvo que defenderse de Amazon&#8221;. Greg Epstein, capell&#225;n humanista de Harvard y del MIT, lo dijo a&#250;n m&#225;s sin rodeos: las grandes tecnol&#243;gicas &#8220;son, en esencia, su propia religi&#243;n, con su propia teolog&#237;a y sus propios ritos&#8221;. Esto no es una fe que se enfrenta a una herramienta. Son dos formas de fe que se disputan la misma feligres&#237;a y que solo discrepan en la respuesta a dos preguntas que, en el fondo, son una misma: para qu&#233; sirve un ser humano y qui&#233;n llega a ser Dios. Silicon Valley no solo seculariz&#243; la trascendencia, la privatiz&#243;.</p><p>Le&#243;n lo entiende mejor que sus lectores. M&#225;s all&#225; de la reprimenda, el movimiento m&#225;s firme de la enc&#237;clica es la manera en que en lugar de rechazarla, reorienta la promesa transhumanista de llegar a ser &#8220;m&#225;s que humano&#8221;. El cristianismo, sostiene, siempre ha ofrecido la autotrascendencia: por la gracia y la aceptaci&#243;n del l&#237;mite, no por la mejora t&#233;cnica. No combate el ansia de superar la condici&#243;n humana. Le disputa la ruta y, sobre todo, la velocidad: el camino r&#225;pido de la fusi&#243;n y la actualizaci&#243;n frente al camino lento de una vida que hay que vivir entera para que signifique algo.</p><p>Casi puedes ver a las dos fes intercambiando sotanas y ornamentos rituales. Las frases m&#225;s extra&#241;as de la enc&#237;clica son aquellas en que Le&#243;n describe la tecnolog&#237;a en la jerga del propio laboratorio. Los sistemas de IA, escribe, se &#8220;cultivan&#8221; m&#225;s que se &#8220;construyen&#8221;; &#8220;crecen&#8221; dentro de un marco que sus dise&#241;adores no controlan del todo; lo que ocurre en su interior &#8220;permanece, por ahora, desconocido&#8221; incluso para quienes los hacen. As&#237;, casi palabra por palabra, describen los laboratorios m&#225;s preocupados por la seguridad de sus propias creaciones: cultivadas y entrenadas, no dise&#241;adas, y comprensibles solo en parte.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg" width="360" height="450" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/eb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1350,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:360,&quot;bytes&quot;:221146,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!npVd!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Feb841b6d-4e2e-493e-bd0b-bb69c9438b60_1080x1350.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Mientras tanto, esos laboratorios han adoptado los instrumentos de la Iglesia. Anthropic ha publicado una &#8220;<a href="https://www.anthropic.com/constitution">constitution</a>&#8221; suerte de mandamientos para su modelo y, desde enero, ha convocado a te&#243;logos y especialistas en &#233;tica para que asesoren sobre lo que la propia empresa llama, sin reparos, la formaci&#243;n moral de Claude, en sesiones que, al parecer, derivaron en si el sistema alberga &#8220;personalidades&#8221; que niegan haber hecho algo malo o culpan al usuario. Las dos casas se han intercambiado las lenguas. Pero el intercambio deja al descubierto una asimetr&#237;a sobre la que gira todo el argumento de la enc&#237;clica. Un laboratorio puede adoptar las formas de la Iglesia en una tarde: redactar una constituci&#243;n antes del almuerzo, sentar a una mesa de te&#243;logos para el viernes. La Iglesia no puede adoptar el ritmo del laboratorio de ninguna manera. Un lado puede tomar prestado todo, menos el tiempo.</p><p>En la pr&#225;ctica, la enc&#237;clica tendr&#225; un impacto menor del que anticipan quienes la citan actualmente, pero probablemente mayor, a largo plazo, de lo que prev&#233;n quienes la subestiman. <em>Rerum Novarum</em> no promulg&#243; ninguna ley laboral, pero le dio a una civilizaci&#243;n la expresi&#243;n &#8220;salario justo&#8221;, y la expresi&#243;n sigui&#243; trabajando mucho despu&#233;s de que la ley la alcanzara. Del mismo modo, esta enc&#237;clica le dar&#225; palabras a la gente antes de cambiar nada. Su legado duradero es un vocabulario: la teolog&#237;a de la limitaci&#243;n, la atrofia moral (la erosi&#243;n del juicio y el cuidado se marchitan en cuanto los delegamos), el colonialismo de datos y la infraestructura invisible controlada por unos pocos.</p><blockquote><h3>Lo que la enc&#237;clica dejar&#225; para la posteridad ser&#225;n palabras, haci&#233;ndose a s&#237; misma un gran modelo de lenguaje.</h3></blockquote><p>As&#237; comienza el cambio moral. Tambi&#233;n es lento y vago, y no obliga a nadie. Especialmente a ninguna empresa preocupada por los resultados del pr&#243;ximo trimestre. El panel del Aspen Institute se dividi&#243; justo por esa costura. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/josh-good-29234a7/">Josh Good</a>, que dirige el programa de Religi&#243;n y Sociedad del instituto, pronostic&#243; un impacto &#8220;modesto&#8221;, consistente en unos d&#237;as de ruido y luego una larga vida ulterior en los sermones de los domingos, y observ&#243; que el documento brinda &#8220;perdigones, no una sola bala&#8221;: ochenta y tres p&#225;rrafos numerados, y un predicador o un ejecutivo puede sacar la frase que m&#225;s le convenga. <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/kim-daniels-03573966/">Kim Daniels</a> directora de la <a href="https://catholicsocialthought.georgetown.edu/">Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life</a> de la Universidad de Georgetown, respondi&#243; con el largo plazo: 1.400 millones de cat&#243;licos, un sistema escolar que le da la vuelta al planeta, una de cada seis camas de hospital en Estados Unidos.</p><p><a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/about-president-vilas-s-dhar/">Vilas Dhar</a>, presidente de la <a href="https://www.mcgovern.org/">McGovern Foundation</a>, dijo que la enc&#237;clica no trata en realidad sobre la IA, sino sobre el poder. Cree que su tarea en los pr&#243;ximos veinte a&#241;os no ser&#225; tanto dirigir la m&#225;quina como preparar a las personas que deje heridas. Lo cual parece un pron&#243;stico bastante probable porque establece los l&#237;mites estructurales del documento.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png" width="514" height="289.83104395604397" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:821,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:514,&quot;bytes&quot;:1878983,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/201065707?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!qDvz!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F01775c8d-2379-4dce-8e3f-0b26de4d7b16_1696x956.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El Programa <strong><a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/programs/religion-society-program/">Religion and Society</a></strong> del Instituto Aspen y <strong><a href="https://www.aspendigital.org/">Aspen Digital</a></strong> | 29 de mayo de 2026  <em>Magnifica Humanitas: Pensamiento Cat&#243;lico para la Era Digital.</em> Panelistas:  Vilas Dhar, Patrick J. McGovern Foundation; Kim Daniels, Georgetown University&#8217;s Initiative on Catholic Social Thought and Public Life; Josh Good of the Religion &amp; Society Program. Moderado por Vivian Schiller, Aspen Digital. Mira el <a href="https://www.youtube.com/live/VqN-eiTqDsk">video </a>aqu&#237;.</figcaption></figure></div><p>La enc&#237;clica exige una regulaci&#243;n robusta, una supervisi&#243;n independiente, datos tratados como bien com&#250;n. Sin embargo, despu&#233;s de sostener que el poder privado hoy supera a los Estados que podr&#237;an hacerlo, no nombra a ning&#250;n actor capaz de imponer sus exigencias. Pide &#8220;desarme&#8221; sin entrar en la econom&#237;a brutal de una tecnolog&#237;a cuya barrera de entrada es la concentraci&#243;n: no se puede democratizar algo que cuesta cientos de miles de millones construir pidi&#233;ndoselo por las buenas a sus due&#241;os. Lo que vuelve formidable a la Iglesia aqu&#237; es tambi&#233;n lo que la derrota: la paciencia. Su instrumento es la mirada larga: &#8220;el tiempo es superior al espacio&#8221;, los dieciocho siglos que la instituci&#243;n necesit&#243; solo para llamar pecado a la esclavitud, con una disculpa que Le&#243;n inserta, asombrosamente, en este mismo texto.</p><blockquote><h3>La paciencia puede ser el ritmo equivocado para gobernar algo que, por admisi&#243;n del propio Papa, vuelve obsoleta en cuesti&#243;n de meses cualquier afirmaci&#243;n que se haga al respecto.</h3></blockquote><p>El desenlace probable no puede ser entonces una mano en el volante, sin control directo, sino tomar una v&#237;a paralela: la lenta infraestructura de escuelas y parroquias y hospitales, levantada para recoger a los que la carrera va dejando tirados. Impacto de triaje, no de tim&#243;n.</p><p>Hay un costo en la estrategia que el Vaticano no ha calculado del todo. Al elegir a la empresa &#8220;buena&#8221; para compartir su escenario, la Iglesia le prest&#243; cobertura moral a uno de los contendientes de la carrera armamentista que condena, y la empresa es justo aquella cuya herramienta tambi&#233;n alimenta la selecci&#243;n de blancos en la guerra de Ir&#225;n y ayud&#243; a capturar a Maduro. El especialista en &#233;tica tecnol&#243;gica Tristan Harris, en Roma esa semana, nombr&#243; el aprieto con precisi&#243;n: celebremos que Anthropic hace lo que sus rivales no hacen, dijo, pero entendamos que, aunque una empresa as&#237; &#8220;ganara la carrera&#8221;, el mundo no estar&#237;a a salvo. La universalidad de la enc&#237;clica es su blandura. Dirigida a &#8220;todas las personas de buena voluntad&#8221; y sin nombrar a nadie, deja que cualquiera se proclame en sinton&#237;a con ella y no obliga a ninguno. Que sean perdigones y no una sola bala, corta por los dos lados.</p><p>Al final, la suerte del documento est&#225; escrita en la distancia entre sus dos relojes. Le&#243;n firm&#243; <em>Magnifica Humanitas</em> a mano, en las lenguas vivas, y dej&#243; ir el lat&#237;n: solt&#243; la lengua muerta que Roma conserva precisamente para que lo que dice no se desplace, con tal de que la entienda, ya, una m&#225;quina que sabe todos los idiomas y no naci&#243; en ninguno. La enc&#237;clica est&#225; terminada. Ha dicho lo que ten&#237;a que decir y ha callado. La m&#225;quina no ha dejado de hablar. La Iglesia tiene todo el tiempo del mundo. Siempre fue su fuerza. Tal vez sea lo &#250;nico que no se pueda obligar a respetar a la m&#225;quina.</p><p></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El precio]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre el escenario que los cient&#237;ficos retiraron, y la administraci&#243;n que celebr&#243; la retirada.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 12:31:10 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-price?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-price?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><p><em>A mi padre, que me dio el mar.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" width="1200" height="629.8828125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1075,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:4178734,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La ballena me mira&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo." title="La ballena me mira" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Una ballena de Bryde, una especie que se hizo residente de las costas venezolanas y de mi imaginaci&#243;n.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Ten&#237;a nueve a&#241;os y la lancha se hab&#237;a quedado a la deriva en medio de las azules aguas del Golfo de Cariaco, en la costa de Sucre, en el oriente de Venezuela. Vacaciones de verano, una excursi&#243;n familiar, el motor en silencio, el agua quieta. Entonces se acerc&#243; la ballena. No la vimos venir; la vimos llegar. Asom&#243; la cabeza junto al bote, por curiosidad, y nos mir&#243; &#8212;me mir&#243;&#8212; directamente. El recuerdo es borroso, tan borroso como debi&#243; de ser su ojo al vernos, manchas peque&#241;as sobre la superficie. No s&#233; cu&#225;nto dur&#243;. La conexi&#243;n ser&#225; eterna. En la memoria dura todav&#237;a.</p><p>Esos mismos d&#237;as, otro gigante recorr&#237;a el golfo. Jacques Cousteau hab&#237;a llegado con el Calypso, su barco cient&#237;fico, a explorar las aguas del Cariaco. Mi padre me llevar&#237;a a conocerlo, al puerto de Cuman&#225;. Fue con Cousteau y all&#237; cuando so&#241;&#233; que, de grande, ser&#237;a bi&#243;logo marino. Aprend&#237; a amar el mar, a navegar y a bucear. Me hice periodista.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:748414,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200379763?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!AAMe!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe12b8a8a-0ca5-4992-8576-f97f76be2a9c_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En 2019, un grupo de economistas del Fondo Monetario Internacional calcul&#243; cu&#225;nto vale una ballena. Ralph Chami, Thomas Cosimano, Connel Fullenkamp y Sena Oztosun publicaron el c&#225;lculo en <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami">la revista del FMI</a>: m&#225;s de dos millones de d&#243;lares cada gran ballena, m&#225;s de un bill&#243;n el conjunto de las que a&#250;n viven. El m&#233;todo sumaba el carbono que una ballena secuestra en su cuerpo a lo largo de la vida &#8212;treinta y tres toneladas de CO&#8322;, frente a las cuatro y media que un auto emite en un a&#241;o&#8212;, el turismo que genera, los nutrientes que su excremento aporta al fitoplancton que captura m&#225;s carbono todav&#237;a. Restaurar las poblaciones a su n&#250;mero anterior a la caza costar&#237;a, calcularon, unos trece d&#243;lares por persona al a&#241;o. Chami lo dijo sin rodeos: le hab&#237;a entregado a los conservacionistas un argumento de grado armament&#237;stico. Los n&#250;meros en d&#243;lares persuaden a los gobiernos donde la belleza de un animal fracasa.</p><p>Tuvimos que ponerle precio a la mirada del Golfo de Cariaco para que importara.</p><p>La ciencia que sostiene la cifra es honesta, sobre todo en lo que no afirma. El bill&#243;n de d&#243;lares descansa sobre el supuesto de que las ballenas, restauradas, aumentar&#237;an la productividad del fitoplancton global entre uno y 2%. Sin embargo, no hay evidencia emp&#237;rica que respalde ese supuesto; los autores no lo justifican. Cuando se descuenta la parte que s&#237; se puede medir &#8212;el carbono que una ballena se lleva al fondo del mar cuando muere y se hunde&#8212;, el n&#250;mero se desploma. </p><p><a href="https://hannahritchie.substack.com/p/whale-carbon-capture">Hannah Ritchie</a> hizo las cuentas: aun restaurando las ballenas a sus poblaciones anteriores a la caza, ese secuestro equivaldr&#237;a a entre seis diezmil&#233;simas y cuatro mil&#233;simas de 1% de las emisiones globales. Apenas una mella. Un grupo de bi&#243;logos lo escribi&#243; el a&#241;o pasado en <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02106-y.epdf">Nature Climate Change</a></em> con una frase que nombra el procedimiento: la carbonizaci&#243;n de los animales como soluciones clim&#225;ticas. Valoraciones infladas, reportajes selectivos, un enfoque estrecho en el carbono que distrae de lo &#250;nico que reduce las emisiones, que es reducirlas junto con nuestra dependencia de los combustibles f&#243;siles.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png" width="900" height="630" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wJW-!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fc07cfd23-c693-46f6-bb0f-c9c6eb8ff44c_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Los cient&#237;ficos vieron venir lo que vendr&#237;a. Una soluci&#243;n natural, valuada y monetizada, se convierte en la promesa de que el oc&#233;ano absorber&#225; lo que no dejamos de emitir. El mercado de cr&#233;ditos de carbono azul ya existe y crece hacia decenas de miles de millones. La infraestructura para vender a la ballena viva est&#225; construida. Falta poco para que alguien la venda. Y cuando alguien compre el carbono de una ballena para seguir quemando el suyo, la ballena habr&#225; pasado de criatura a permiso.</p><blockquote><h3>Le pusimos precio para salvarla, como se le pone precio a un reh&#233;n. El precio se vuelve licencia para no salvar lo dem&#225;s.</h3></blockquote><p>Este mes, mientras escribo, la administraci&#243;n Trump comenz&#243; a desmantelar la <a href="https://oceanobservatories.org/2026/05/announcement-on-ooi-descoping/">Iniciativa de Observatorios Oce&#225;nicos</a>, un sistema de US$368 millones instalado hace una d&#233;cada para vigilar las profundidades. Este mes de junio zarpan los barcos a recoger m&#225;s de novecientos instrumentos anclados frente a Oreg&#243;n, Washington, Alaska, Carolina del Norte y el mar de Irminger, entre Groenlandia e Islandia. </p><p>Esos instrumentos med&#237;an, entre otras cosas, c&#243;mo el oc&#233;ano absorbe los gases de efecto invernadero de la atm&#243;sfera. La estaci&#243;n de Irminger segu&#237;a la corriente de vuelco del Atl&#225;ntico, la cinta transportadora cuyo debilitamiento ser&#237;a una cat&#225;strofe clim&#225;tica. <a href="https://www.hilarypalevsky.com/">Hilary Palevsky</a>, de Boston College, llevaba una d&#233;cada usando esos datos para entender exactamente cu&#225;nto carbono absorbe el mar. Son los aparatos que ahora arrancar&#225;n del fondo.</p><p>El consuelo dice que el oc&#233;ano nos salvar&#225; capturando el carbono que emitimos. La misma mano que podr&#237;a cobrar ese consuelo apaga los ojos que vigilaban si era cierto. No hace falta el carbono medido cuando se ha decidido no medirlo. El Congreso hab&#237;a restituido dos veces el presupuesto &#8212;US$48 millones al a&#241;o, una cifra menor frente al valor de lo que med&#237;a&#8212; y dos veces la administraci&#243;n volvi&#243; a intentar el cierre. Es el mismo gesto del laboratorio clim&#225;tico de Colorado, el mismo del escenario que se celebr&#243; retirar: desmantelar no la verdad, sino la capacidad de comprobarla.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg" width="5999" height="3379" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:3379,&quot;width&quot;:5999,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:3828590,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200379763?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F17138ea2-65d5-4f7b-825a-b2df4a6e522f_6000x4000.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!WIl3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F218b89d7-9321-46f3-9cb5-057796e5ebe2_5999x3379.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Recuperaci&#243;n de equipos de monitoreo oce&#225;nico. Cr&#233;dito: Dee Emrich &#169; WHOI.</figcaption></figure></div><p>Y mientras tanto, matamos a las ballenas que valen un bill&#243;n. Este a&#241;o, cuarenta aniversario de la moratoria que en 1986 la salv&#243; de desaparecer, Noruega elev&#243; su cuota de caza de minke a mil seiscientas cuarenta y una, la m&#225;s alta en a&#241;os, con el argumento de que la poblaci&#243;n se recuper&#243;. La recuperaci&#243;n &#8212;el &#233;xito de una conquista conservacionista&#8212; se ofrece como raz&#243;n para deshacerla. Sus propios cient&#237;ficos publicaron en 2025 que las ballenas vivas fertilizan el mar y aumentan su productividad hasta en un 10%. El gobierno subi&#243; la cuota igual, envuelta en el idioma de la sostenibilidad. La ballena muerta vale como afirmaci&#243;n de soberan&#237;a de una industria que ya casi nadie necesita. </p><p>Toda la captura noruega de un a&#241;o vale, en el mercado, dos o tres millones de d&#243;lares (lo que el Fondo Monetario calcula que vale una sola ballena viva). Y aun as&#237;, la industria pierde dinero: la sostienen subsidios, campa&#241;as dirigidas a turistas para que consuman una carne que no gusta tanto a los humanos y termina como alimento para perros. La ballena viva vale un bill&#243;n en el papel de un economista. La ballena muerta no vale ni lo que cuesta matarla.</p><p>Este es el cuarto caso que examino en una serie que he llamado econom&#237;a pol&#237;tica de la consolaci&#243;n, y conviene decir qu&#233; es el patr&#243;n y qu&#233; no es. Cuatro veces lo mismo: un cat&#225;logo, un &#243;vulo, una curva, un precio. </p><blockquote><h3>Cada vez un trabajo cient&#237;fico honesto entra al mundo y el poder lo digiere y lo devuelve convertido en permiso, para desmantelar una protecci&#243;n o para evadir una que a&#250;n no existe. </h3></blockquote><p>Se trata de una estrategia m&#225;s fina que el burdo negacionismo. Pero el modelo no lo explica todo &#8212;hay territorios donde no hay conquista previa que revertir, y all&#237; el mecanismo cambia de forma y pide otra investigaci&#243;n&#8212;. Pero donde hay una conquista que defender, el consuelo aprende a usarla en su contra.</p><p>La ballena del Golfo de Cariaco asom&#243; la cabeza para mirarnos sin saber que un d&#237;a valdr&#237;a dos millones de d&#243;lares. Yo la mir&#233; sin saber que crecer&#237;a para ver c&#243;mo hab&#237;a que ponerle precio a esa mirada para defenderla, y c&#243;mo el precio se volver&#237;a, tambi&#233;n, otra manera de tomarla.</p><p>No necesitaba valer nada para merecer el mar. El precio lo pusimos nosotros. Y los instrumentos que iban a decirnos si el precio era verdad est&#225;n a punto de salir del agua.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-precio?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Price]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the whale worth a trillion dollars alive, and the instruments that measured whether it was true. (The Political Economy of Consolation #4)]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Wed, 03 Jun 2026 12:31:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-precio?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-precio?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><p><em>To my father, who gave me the sea.</em></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png" width="1200" height="629.8828125" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1075,&quot;width&quot;:2048,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:4178734,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo.&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La ballena me mira&quot;,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Detalle de la cabeza de una ballena Bryde's mientras observa a un fot&#243;grafo en un peque&#241;o bote. Por Roger Santodomingo." title="La ballena me mira" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!3BIC!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3a6d87ea-d089-4e61-a3bf-3edc2e35511b_2048x1075.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">La mirada de la ballena de Bryde.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>I was nine years old and the boat had drifted to a stop in the middle of the blue waters of the Gulf of Cariaco, off the coast of Sucre. Summer vacation, a family outing, the engine silent, the water still. Then the whale came. We didn&#8217;t see it coming; we saw it arrive. It lifted its head beside the boat, out of curiosity, and looked at us&#8212;looked at me&#8212;directly. The memory is blurred, as blurred as its eye must have been seeing us, small smudges on the surface. I don&#8217;t know how long it lasted. The connection will be eternal. In memory it lasts still.</p><p>Those same days, another giant was crossing the Venezuelan shores. Jacques Cousteau had arrived with the Calypso, his research ship, to explore the waters of the Cariaco. My father would take me to meet him at the port of Cuman&#225;. It was there that I dreamed of growing up to be a marine biologist. I learned to love the sea, to sail and to dive. The rest is history. I became a journalist.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png" width="1200" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:1200,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:765992,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200381920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!OzQO!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F2f7700f3-eb7f-4ade-8cff-ea9090c0b138_1200x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In 2019, a group of economists at the International Monetary Fund calculated how much a whale is worth. Ralph Chami, Thomas Cosimano, Connel Fullenkamp, and Sena Oztosun published the figure in the <a href="https://www.imf.org/en/publications/fandd/issues/2019/12/natures-solution-to-climate-change-chami">Fund&#8217;s magazine</a>: more than two million dollars for each great whale, more than a trillion for all those still alive. The method added up the carbon a whale sequesters in its body over a lifetime&#8212;33 tons of CO&#8322;, against the four and a half a car emits in a year&#8212;, the tourism it generates, the nutrients its waste delivers to the phytoplankton that captures still more carbon. Restoring the populations to their pre-whaling numbers would cost, they calculated, around thirteen dollars per person per year. Chami said it without hedging: he had handed conservationists a weapons-grade talking point. Dollar figures persuade governments where the beauty of an animal fails.</p><p>We had to put a price on the gaze from the Gulf of Cariaco for it to matter.</p><p>The science behind the figure is honest, above all in what it does not claim. The trillion dollars rests on the assumption that whales, restored, would raise the productivity of global phytoplankton by one to 2%. There is no empirical evidence for that assumption; the authors do not justify it. When you discount to the part that can actually be measured&#8212;the carbon a whale carries to the bottom of the sea when it dies and sinks&#8212;the number collapses. </p><p><a href="https://hannahritchie.substack.com/p/whale-carbon-capture">Hannah Ritchie</a> did the arithmetic: even restoring whales to their pre-whaling populations, that sequestration would amount to between 6/10,000 and 4/10,000 of 1% of global emissions. Barely a dent. A group of biologists wrote it last year in <em><a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-024-02106-y.epdf">Nature Climate Change</a></em>, using a phrase that names the procedure: the carbonization of animals as a climate solution. Inflated valuations, selective reporting, and a narrow focus on carbon that distracts from the only thing that reduces emissions, which is reducing emissions and our dependence on fossil fuels.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png" width="900" height="630" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:630,&quot;width&quot;:900,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:522133,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/200381920?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!XiFo!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F91478720-cf33-458f-b60c-0eb97e71b0cd_900x630.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The scientists saw what was coming. A natural solution, valued and monetized, becomes the promise that the ocean will absorb what we do not stop emitting. The blue carbon credit market already exists and is growing toward the tens of billions. The infrastructure to sell the living whale is built. It will not be long before someone sells it. And when someone buys a whale&#8217;s carbon in order to keep burning their own, the whale will have passed from creature to permit.</p><blockquote><h3>We put a price on it to save it, the way a price is put on a hostage. The price becomes a license not to save the rest.</h3></blockquote><p>This month, as I write, the Trump administration has begun to dismantle the <a href="https://oceanobservatories.org/2026/05/announcement-on-ooi-descoping/">Ocean Observatories Initiative</a>, a US$368 million system installed a decade ago to watch the deep. This June, the ships set out to retrieve more than 900 instruments anchored off Oregon, Washington, Alaska, North Carolina, and the Irminger Sea, between Greenland and Iceland. </p><p>Those instruments measured, among other things, how the ocean absorbs greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. The Irminger station tracked the Atlantic overturning current, the conveyor belt whose weakening would be a climate catastrophe. <a href="https://www.hilarypalevsky.com/">Hilary Palevsky</a>, of Boston College, had spent a decade using that data to understand exactly how much carbon the sea absorbs. They are the devices that will now be torn from the bottom.</p><p>The consolation says the ocean will save us by capturing the carbon we emit. The same hand that might collect on that consolation switches off the eyes that watched whether it was true. There is no need for measured carbon once you have decided not to measure it. Congress had twice restored the budget&#8212;US$48 million a year, a small sum against the worth of what it measured&#8212;and twice the administration tried to shut it down. It is the same gesture as the climate laboratory in Colorado, the same as the scenario whose retirement was celebrated: to dismantle not the truth, but the capacity to verify it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg" width="6000" height="3465" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Z4jb!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ffacad4a3-69c8-4ccc-aeb5-e0978efdc0eb_6000x3465.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Recovery of oceanic monitoring equipment. Credit: De Emrich &#169; WHOI.</figcaption></figure></div><p>And meanwhile, we kill the whales worth a trillion. This year, the 40th anniversary of the moratorium that, in 1986, saved them from disappearing, Norway raised its minke whale hunting quota to 1,641, the highest in years, on the argument that the population has recovered. The recovery is the success of a conservation victory and is offered as the reason to undo it. Its own scientists published in 2025 that living whales fertilize the sea and raise its productivity by as much as 10%. The government raised the quota anyway, wrapped in the language of sustainability. The dead whale is worth something as an assertion of sovereignty by an industry almost no one needs anymore. </p><p>Norway&#8217;s entire catch for a year is worth, on the market, two or three million dollars&#8212;what the Monetary Fund calculates a single living whale is worth. And even so, the industry loses money: it is sustained by subsidies and by campaigns aimed at tourists, to eat meat that humans do not much like and that ends up as dog food. The dead whale is not worth even what it costs to kill it.</p><p>This is the fourth case I have examined in a series I call <strong>the political economy of consolation</strong>, and it&#8217;s worth clarifying what the pattern is and what it is not. </p><blockquote><h3>Four times, the same thing: a catalogue, an egg, a curve, a price. Each time, an honest piece of scientific work enters the world, and power digests it and returns it, often as permission to dismantle a protection or to evade one that does not yet exist. It&#8217;s a more refined strategy than crude denialism. </h3></blockquote><p>The framework can&#8217;t explain everything. There are areas where there&#8217;s no prior victory to overturn, and in those places, the mechanism changes shape and requires a different inquiry. But where a victory exists to defend, the consolation learns to use it against itself.</p><p>The whale in the Gulf of Cariaco lifted its head to look at us without knowing that one day it would be worth two million dollars. I looked at it without knowing I would grow up to see how a price had to be put on that gaze in order to defend it, and how the price would become, too, another way of taking it.</p><p>It did not need to be worth anything to deserve the sea. The price we put on it ourselves. And the instruments that were going to tell us whether the price was true are about to come out of the water.</p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;">1 - <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">307 Billion Years</a>          &#8226;      2 - <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc">The Promise</a>     &#8226;           3 - <strong><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-license">The License</a></strong></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9122f330-7224-467a-919e-476139db327c_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/8b47e7cf-a147-46a0-a9f8-f472a0c51306_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0503157d-81f8-4b00-874e-95fe7b9c0f07_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The Political Economy of Consolation&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3f218256-4019-4d21-ba11-a238533698e6_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-price?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La Licencia ]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre el escenario que los cient&#237;ficos retiraron, y la administraci&#243;n que celebr&#243; la retirada]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 12:31:50 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-license?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-license?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><div 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" width="1200" height="533.2417582417582" 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srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Los siete escenarios clim&#225;ticos del CMIP7. La curva del nuevo escenario alto (H) llega a 3,5 &#176;C en 2100 y sigue subiendo. Fuente: Van Vuuren et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, 2026.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>En junio de 2023, un comit&#233; de climat&#243;logos se reuni&#243; en Reading, en el sur de Inglaterra, para revisar los escenarios que el pr&#243;ximo informe del IPCC usar&#237;a como base. Tras tres d&#237;as de trabajo, decidieron retirar el escenario conocido como RCP 8.5, el peor caso que hab&#237;a guiado la investigaci&#243;n clim&#225;tica desde principios de la d&#233;cada pasada. Este escenario era una predicci&#243;n coherente del futuro. En el papel, era una cat&#225;strofe: en un mundo con emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero muy altas y sin pol&#237;ticas clim&#225;ticas, la concentraci&#243;n de CO&#8322; en la atm&#243;sfera ser&#237;a m&#225;s del doble que la actual (unos 1.100 ppm frente a 425 ppm). Pero ahora, gracias al avance de las energ&#237;as renovables, la regulaci&#243;n de emisiones y otras medidas ambientales, ese desastre ya no parece posible.</p><p>La correcci&#243;n fue ganada a pulso. Entre 2009 y 2024, el precio de la electricidad solar baj&#243; un 88%. En 2025, el 86% de la nueva capacidad el&#233;ctrica mundial vino de fuentes renovables. El art&#237;culo que explica esta revisi&#243;n se public&#243; en <em><a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/">Geoscientific Model Development</a></em> en abril de 2026, fruto de la colaboraci&#243;n de cuarenta y cuatro cient&#237;ficos de diecinueve pa&#237;ses. En resumen, ahora el peor escenario posible es que la temperatura media del planeta suba 3,5 &#176;C en 2100 (comparado con el nivel entre 1850 y 1900), en lugar de los 5 &#176;C que preve&#237;a el modelo anterior.</p><blockquote><h3>El nuevo escenario m&#225;s alto a&#250;n llega a 5 &#176;C, pero cincuenta a&#241;os m&#225;s tarde. Es una correcci&#243;n t&#233;cnica sincera. Es lo que la ciencia hace cuando funciona: revisa sus conclusiones cuando la evidencia cambia.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" width="542" height="387" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:387,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>El 17 de mayo, el presidente public&#243; en Truth Social: <em>&#8220;GOOD RIDDANCE.&#8221;</em> La administraci&#243;n, que ha desmantelado el principal laboratorio de investigaci&#243;n clim&#225;tica del pa&#237;s en Colorado, que ha bloqueado el desarrollo de e&#243;lica marina, que ha forzado a plantas de carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;micas a permanecer abiertas, interpret&#243; la revisi&#243;n cient&#237;fica como una concesi&#243;n. Como una admisi&#243;n de error de los profetas del fin, los cient&#237;ficos de la cat&#225;strofe. Como un permiso para continuar en la direcci&#243;n del desastre, convencido de que la cat&#225;strofe nunca llegar&#225;.</p><blockquote><h3>Lo que cambi&#243; fue el papel, no el aire.</h3></blockquote><p>El papel cambi&#243; porque el aire estaba cambiando. La curva se aplaz&#243; porque el carb&#243;n estaba siendo desplazado, porque la solar se volvi&#243; m&#225;s barata que el gas y porque las decisiones de inversi&#243;n globales se mov&#237;an. La revisi&#243;n no descubri&#243; un mundo m&#225;s amable. Reconoci&#243; estad&#237;sticamente un cambio material que ya estaba en curso. Ahora el permiso amenaza las condiciones que hicieron posible la correcci&#243;n. Si las plantas de carb&#243;n permanecen abiertas, si la e&#243;lica marina se bloquea o si los subsidios a la solar se retiran, las curvas vuelven a la anterior. No porque los modelos sean incorrectos, sino porque la realidad que justific&#243; la revisi&#243;n est&#225; siendo cambiada a prop&#243;sito.</p><blockquote><h3>Esto no es negacionismo. Es algo m&#225;s sofisticado. El negacionismo niega la ciencia; este sistema la usa. </h3></blockquote><p>Espera el momento en que un cient&#237;fico honesto corrige una proyecci&#243;n, un bi&#243;logo cuidadoso anuncia un avance o un comit&#233; revisa un escenario y convierte cada correcci&#243;n en un comunicado de prensa que dice: &#191;<em>Ven? No</em> <em>era tan grave.</em> En mi ensayo anterior, <em><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/la-promesa">La promesa</a></em>, analic&#233; c&#243;mo el secretario del Interior,<a href="https://apnews.com/article/eeuu-ley-peligro-exencion-comision-1fe0873c3b0ade68b275889cac629f63"> Doug Burgum</a>, cit&#243; la <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/04/10/trump-endangered-species-protections-dire-wolves/">posibilidad de la desextinci&#243;n</a> para proponer una revisi&#243;n de la Ley de Especies en Peligro. El mecanismo es el mismo. Una promesa cient&#237;fica (el c&#243;ndor vuelve, el lobo gigante y el moa pueden ser resucitados mediante reingenier&#237;a, la curva se aplaza cincuenta a&#241;os) se convierte en pretexto para desmantelar la conquista que proteg&#237;a contra el da&#241;o original. La licencia para cazar con plomo sin pensar en el ave en peligro, para taladrar en el h&#225;bitat cr&#237;tico o para quemar el carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;mico se restituye a los actores que la hab&#237;an perdido.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" width="1200" height="750" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="https://climateactiontracker.org/global/historical-progress/">Climate Action Tracker</a>&#8217;s evolution of 2100 warming projections under different policy assumptions between 2009 and 2025.</figcaption></figure></div><blockquote><h3>No es nostalgia ni falta de conciencia, sino restauraci&#243;n.</h3></blockquote><p>Hay una frase que Genevieve Guenther y Michael E. Mann escribieron este 22 de mayo en el <em><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2026/05/sorry-climate-change-is-still-dangerous-no-matter-what-nonsense-trump-emits/#post-heading">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></em> que vale la pena citar entera: &#8220;Los escenarios futuros de emisiones de carbono ser&#225;n determinados por la pol&#237;tica. Pero el calentamiento asociado a esas emisiones est&#225; determinado por la f&#237;sica&#8221;. La l&#237;nea es exacta hasta cierto punto. La pol&#237;tica puede mover la curva en el papel. El aire no se mueve por decreto. Pero la pol&#237;tica s&#237; puede mover lo que la f&#237;sica tendr&#225; que medir. Cada planta de carb&#243;n antiecon&#243;mica forzada a permanecer abierta, cada plataforma petrolera no clausurada, cada subsidio retirado a la transici&#243;n, y cada medida que elimine protecciones a la naturaleza y el ambiente que habitamos es una decisi&#243;n sobre qu&#233; aire habr&#225; que medir (y respirar) en 2050.</p><p>El nuevo modelo proyecta un aumento de entre 2,5 &#176;C y 4,3 &#176;C para 2100. Ese rango ya no se puede explicar solo por la incertidumbre estad&#237;stica sobre la f&#237;sica del sistema. Ahora tambi&#233;n hay que considerar la incertidumbre pol&#237;tica, que determina cu&#225;nto del progreso clim&#225;tico se podr&#237;a perder en los pr&#243;ximos cuatro a&#241;os. La pol&#237;tica se ha convertido en variable interna del nuevo modelo.</p><p>Una variable que el modelo anterior no ten&#237;a: cu&#225;nto de lo conseguido seremos capaces de conservar.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-licencia?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The License]]></title><description><![CDATA[This is the story of the scenario that scientists decided to retire, and the administration that celebrated its retirement. (The Political Economy of Consolation #3)]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 12:31:38 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-licencia?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-licencia?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg" width="1200" height="533.2417582417582" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:647,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:127039,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199281873?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Jcyt!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F3ee19517-0ee1-4b3a-ae73-0dc50ddea67b_2023x899.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">The seven CMIP7 climate scenarios. The new high scenario (H) reaches 3.5&#176;C by 2100 and keeps rising. Source: Van Vuuren et al., <em>Geoscientific Model Development</em>, 2026.</figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p>In June 2023, a committee of climate scientists met in Reading, in southern England, to review the scenarios that the next Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (<a href="https://www.ipcc.ch/">IPCC</a>) report would use as a basis for projection. After three days of work, they decided to retire the scenario known as RCP 8.5, the worst case that had guided climate research since the early years of the previous decade. The scenario was a coherent prediction of the future. On paper, a catastrophe: a world with very high greenhouse gas emissions and no climate policies, where the concentration of CO&#8322; in the atmosphere would be more than double today&#8217;s (around 1,100 ppm against 425 ppm). But now, thanks to the advances of renewable energy, emissions regulation, and other environmental measures, that disaster no longer seems possible.</p><p>The correction was hard-won. Between 2009 and 2024, the price of solar electricity fell by 88%. In 2025, 86% of the world&#8217;s new electric capacity came from renewable sources. The article explaining the revision was published in <em><a href="https://gmd.copernicus.org/articles/19/2627/2026/">Geoscientific Model Development</a></em> in April 2026, the work of forty-four scientists from nineteen countries. In short, the worst possible scenario is now that the planet&#8217;s average temperature rises 3.5&#176;C by 2100 (compared to the 1850&#8211;1900 level), rather than the 5&#176;C the previous model projected.</p><blockquote><h3>The new high scenario still reaches 5&#176;C, only fifty years later. It is a sincere technical correction. It is what science does when it works: it revises its conclusions when the evidence changes.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png" width="542" height="387" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/f0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:387,&quot;width&quot;:542,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!nbYI!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Ff0c5265f-906b-479b-b374-6e59b6b38533_542x387.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>On May 17, the president posted on Truth Social: <em>&#8220;GOOD RIDDANCE.&#8221;</em> The administration, which shut down the main climate research lab in Colorado, blocked offshore wind projects, and kept unprofitable coal plants running, saw the scientific revision as a concession. They treated it as if the scientists who warned of disaster were admitting they were wrong. To them, it was a green light to keep heading toward disaster, believing that catastrophe is now off the table.</p><blockquote><h3>What changed was the paper, not the air.</h3></blockquote><p>The paper changed because the world was already changing. The projected curve shifted because coal was being replaced, solar power became cheaper than gas, and investment choices were moving in a new direction. The revision did not reveal a safer world; it simply recognized real changes that were already happening. Now, the so-called permit puts those changes at risk. If coal plants keep running, offshore wind is blocked, or solar subsidies are removed, the projections will go back to what they were before. This would not be because the models are flawed, but because the reality that justified the revision is being reversed on purpose.</p><blockquote><h3>This is not denialism. It is something more sophisticated. Denialism rejects the science; this system uses it.</h3></blockquote><p>It waits for the moment when an honest scientist corrects a projection, a careful biologist announces a breakthrough, or a committee revises a scenario, and turns each correction into a press release that says: <em>See? It wasn&#8217;t so bad.</em> In my previous essay, <em><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise">The Promise</a></em>, I examined how Interior Secretary <a href="https://apnews.com/article/eeuu-ley-peligro-exencion-comision-1fe0873c3b0ade68b275889cac629f63">Doug Burgum</a> invoked the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2025/04/10/trump-endangered-species-protections-dire-wolves/">possibility of de-extinction </a>to propose a revision of the Endangered Species Act. The mechanism is the same. A scientific promise (the condor returns, the dire wolf and the moa can be resurrected through reengineering, the curve is deferred by fifty years) becomes a pretext for dismantling the hard-won protection against the original harm. The license to hunt with lead ammunition without thinking about the endangered bird, to drill in critical habitat, or to burn uneconomic coal is restored to the actors who had lost it.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg" width="1200" height="750" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/ba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:910,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!FaaN!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fba399f79-37ad-4552-8358-a01c6a8ebcdd_1456x910.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><a href="https://climateactiontracker.org/global/historical-progress/">Climate Action Tracker</a>&#8217;s evolution of 2100 warming projections under different policy assumptions between 2009 and 2025.</figcaption></figure></div><blockquote><h3>It is not nostalgia, nor absence of conscience, but restoration.</h3></blockquote><p>There is a sentence Genevieve Guenther and Michael E. Mann wrote this May 22 in the <em><a href="https://thebulletin.org/2026/05/sorry-climate-change-is-still-dangerous-no-matter-what-nonsense-trump-emits/#post-heading">Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists</a></em> worth quoting in full:<em> </em></p><blockquote><h3>&#8220;Future carbon emissions scenarios will be determined by politics. But the warming associated with those emissions is determined by physics.&#8221; </h3></blockquote><p>The line is exact up to a point. Politics can move the curve on paper. The air does not move by decree. But politics can move what physics will have to measure. Every uneconomic coal plant forced to remain open, every offshore platform left in service, every subsidy withdrawn from the transition, and every measure that strips away protections from the nature and the environment we live in, is a decision about what air will have to be measured (and breathed) in 2050.</p><p>The new model predicts a temperature rise of between 2.5&#176;C and 4.3&#176;C by 2100. This range is no longer just about uncertainty in the physics. Now, we also have to consider political uncertainty, which will decide how much climate progress might be lost in the next four years. Politics has become an internal variable of the model.</p><p>A variable the previous model did not have: how much of what was gained we will be able to preserve.</p><div><hr></div><h4 style="text-align: center;">The Political Economy of Consolation</h4><p style="text-align: center;">1  <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">307 Billion Years</a>  &#8226;  2  <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc">The Promise</a>   &#8226;  4  <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-price">The Price</a></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/95c22c7a-7c4b-41c3-a382-b7e32176e4be_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/24c7423e-d81e-47f4-b3a6-b3ee4256279a_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/02141e1f-39a2-4e5e-b5b8-2005b0bbda55_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/bcf93e64-71d7-4761-9d7a-f068b575be41_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-license?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[La Promesa
]]></title><description><![CDATA[Sobre la membrana de silic&#243;n que incub&#243; veintis&#233;is pollos, y sobre lo que no puede devolver]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Tue, 26 May 2026 00:00:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" width="1200" height="636.2637362637363" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:772,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:7450814,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199256113?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Una membrana de silic&#243;n, muy delgada, alojada en una copa hexagonal r&#237;gida. El primer huevo artificial. Permite el paso del ox&#237;geno y retiene la humedad que el embri&#243;n necesita. En la parte superior hay una ventanita que permite a los cient&#237;ficos observar c&#243;mo crece el polluelo. La copa puede variar de tama&#241;o, desde un huevo de colibr&#237; hasta una pelota de f&#250;tbol. Este mes, veintis&#233;is pollitos nacieron de ella en Dallas usando este m&#233;todo. La empresa responsable comparti&#243; el resultado el 19 de mayo, aunque no nos mostr&#243; un estudio revisado por pares ni habl&#243; de su tasa de &#233;xito.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><a href="https://colossal.com/colossal-biosciences-artificial-egg-dodo-moa/">Colossal Biosciences </a>considera esto un primer paso para traer de vuelta al dodo y al moa gigante de la Isla Sur. Es una promesa muy atractiva. La membrana existe. Los pollos tambi&#233;n. Pero la empresa a&#250;n no ha creado el ave.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" width="1456" height="946" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:946,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5663314,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199256113?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>El proceso, como muestra un video impecable, comienza con una gallina real poniendo un huevo real. Despu&#233;s, en las siguientes veinticuatro o cuarenta y ocho horas, un cient&#237;fico abre el cascar&#243;n y pone todo el contenido, menos la c&#225;scara, claro, en la estructura artificial. Hasta ese momento, todo sigue siendo biolog&#237;a: la fecundaci&#243;n, la postura y las primeras divisiones celulares. La ingenier&#237;a solo entra en juego cuando el animal ya ha hecho lo que la tecnolog&#237;a no puede.</p><p>Conviene reconocer el patr&#243;n. Las tecnolog&#237;as de conservaci&#243;n anteriores surgieron de manera similar: una herramienta biotecnol&#243;gica precisa que resuelve un problema inmediato, pero depende de un entorno que no puede reemplazar. El <a href="https://defenders.org/wildlife/california-condor">c&#243;ndor de California</a> fue retirado del cielo en 1987 y los &#250;ltimos veintid&#243;s ejemplares se capturaron para criarlos en cautiverio. El programa tuvo &#233;xito y hoy los c&#243;ndores vuelan de nuevo sobre el Gran Ca&#241;&#243;n y la Sierra de Baja California. Sin embargo, el programa no pudo devolverles un mundo sin balas de plomo, que siguen envenen&#225;ndolos.</p><blockquote><h3>La tecnolog&#237;a resolvi&#243; el problema inmediato, pero el entorno que llev&#243; al ave al borde de la extinci&#243;n sigue igual.</h3></blockquote><p>El &#243;vulo artificial es una versi&#243;n moderna de este enfoque y no es el primer ejemplo. El biovault que Colossal construye en los Emiratos &#193;rabes Unidos almacenar&#225; muestras de tejido y c&#233;lulas de m&#225;s de diez mil especies, muchas en peligro. Los tres cachorros de lobo gigante o lobo terrible (<em>Aenocyon dirus</em>) nacidos en 2024 son lobos grises modificados para parecerse a los que George R. R. Martin y los guionistas de Game of Thrones imaginaron como mascotas de la familia Stark. El patr&#243;n no es la ciencia en s&#237;, sino lo que se espera que la ciencia represente.</p><p>Pocas horas despu&#233;s del anuncio sobre el lobo terrible, el secretario del Interior, Doug Burgum, mencion&#243; la posibilidad de la desextinci&#243;n en un mensaje que <a href="https://x.com/SecretaryBurgum/status/1909345951069651032">cuestionaba la Ley de Especies en Peligro</a>. "Es el momento de cambiar fundamentalmente c&#243;mo pensamos sobre la conservaci&#243;n de especies." El mensaje no necesitaba que la membrana de silic&#243;n existiera. Su promesa bast&#243;.</p><p>Este es el segundo movimiento de una secuencia que empieza a tomar forma. El cat&#225;logo anota lo perdido y el recibo se vuelve una forma de consuelo. El &#243;vulo artificial promete devolver algo y esa promesa se convierte en permiso. Cuanto m&#225;s compleja es la ingenier&#237;a para resucitar especies, mayor es nuestra libertad para seguir da&#241;ando el presente. Cada acto de consuelo sigue el mismo patr&#243;n: con gran cuidado, cient&#237;ficos crean un objeto, luego pol&#237;ticos lo usan para fines distintos a los que imaginaron sus creadores.</p><p><a href="https://scholars.duke.edu/person/stuart.pimm">Stuart Pimm</a>, el ec&#243;logo de Duke, nombr&#243; la sustituci&#243;n sin adornos. Las ventanas de los edificios. Los gatos al aire libre. El &#243;vulo artificial cuesta cientos de millones de d&#243;lares, una sede en Texas y a&#241;os de patentes.</p><blockquote><h3>En cambio, cerrar una persiana no cuesta nada y mantener un gato dentro de casa mucho menos. La ciencia que podr&#237;a salvar a las aves que a&#250;n existen es la que nadie est&#225; eligiendo.</h3></blockquote><p>Debajo de todo esto hay una verdad m&#225;s peque&#241;a y m&#225;s cercana. Las aves que sobreviven lo hacen gracias a ordenanzas municipales, jardines comunitarios, planes clim&#225;ticos tribales y c&#243;digos de construcci&#243;n locales.</p><p>Ejemplos como la vivienda en <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/15/nx-s1-5400642/affordable-housing-environment-vienna-climate-change">Vienna</a>, los t&#250;neles de lluvia en <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/13/nx-s1-5340710/copenhagen-climate-change-solutions-flooding">Copenhagen</a>, el fondo de mil millones que <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/20/nx-s1-5734498/portland-funding-climate-change-corporations-retail-tax">Portland </a>reuni&#243; con un impuesto al consumo y la coalici&#243;n de ciudades de <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/19/nx-s1-5734480/renewable-energy-utah">coalition of Utah </a>que construye energ&#237;as renovables en conjunto lo demuestran. Ninguna de estas intervenciones necesit&#243; de una membrana de silic&#243;n ni una valuaci&#243;n de diez mil millones. Este trabajo ocurre a una escala donde un lugar todav&#237;a puede reconocerse como tal.</p><p>El pollito que nazca del &#243;vulo artificial nacer&#225; en un mundo que ya no contiene al ave que deb&#237;a ser. La pregunta ya no es qu&#233; fue primero, si la gallina o el huevo. Los dos necesitaron antes una tercera cosa: un sitio donde existir.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/la-promesa/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yx_V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49d1179-051c-478d-b73c-7491d89a25e5_718x479.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Promise]]></title><description><![CDATA[On the silicone membrane that hatched twenty-six chickens, and what it cannot return]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 25 May 2026 23:49:55 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-promesa?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Le&#233;lo en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/la-promesa?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Le&#233;lo en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!1frw!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F182f2f78-1345-41f2-8819-56158b58fcdb_3694x1958.png 848w, 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stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>A silicone membrane, very thin, housed inside a rigid hexagonal cup. The first artificial egg. It lets oxygen pass through and holds in the moisture the embryo needs. A small window at the top lets the scientist watch the chick develop. The cup can be made smaller than a hummingbird&#8217;s egg or larger than a soccer ball. This month, twenty-six chicks hatched from it in Dallas. The company that built it announced the result on May 19, without a peer-reviewed paper and without disclosing the hatch rate.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><p><a href="https://colossal.com/colossal-biosciences-artificial-egg-dodo-moa/">Colossal Biosciences </a>calls this a first step toward bringing back the dodo and the South Island giant moa. It is an attractive promise. The membrane is real. The chicks are real. What the company has not yet built is the bird.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png" width="1456" height="946" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:946,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:5663314,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/199256113?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!lXaR!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F70c14e1c-d468-43a1-bd37-c43ac1612507_3476x2258.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>The process, as the company&#8217;s polished video shows, begins with a real hen laying a real egg. Within the next twenty-four to forty-eight hours, a scientist cracks the shell and pours the contents &#8212; minus the shell, of course &#8212; into the artificial structure. Up to that point, everything is still biology: fertilization, laying, the first cell divisions. The engineering takes over only after the animal has done what the technology cannot.</p><p>The pattern is worth recognizing. Earlier conservation technologies arrived the same way: a precise biotechnical tool that solves the downstream problem and depends on an upstream world it cannot replace. The <a href="https://defenders.org/wildlife/california-condor">California condor</a> was removed from the sky in 1987; the last twenty-two birds captured for captive breeding. The program worked. Condors fly again over the Grand Canyon and the mountains of Baja California. What the program could not return to them was a sky without the lead bullets of hunting ammunition, which still poison them. </p><blockquote><h3>The technology solved the downstream problem. The landscape that drove the bird to the edge of extinction is still the landscape the bird was returned to. </h3></blockquote><p>The artificial egg is the latest update of the same operation. Hours after last year&#8217;s dire wolf announcement, Interior Secretary Doug Burgum invoked the possibility of de-extinction in <a href="https://x.com/SecretaryBurgum/status/1909345951069651032">a post questioning the Endangered Species Act</a>. <em>&#8220;It&#8217;s time to fundamentally change how we think about species conservation.&#8221;</em> The membrane had not yet been built. The post did not need it to have been built. The promise was enough.</p><p>This is the second movement of a sequence that is beginning to take shape. The catalog records what has been lost. The receipt becomes a form of consolation. The artificial egg promises to return something, and the promise becomes a permit. The more elaborate the engineering of resurrection, the wider the room granted for present harm. Each act of consolation works the same way: scientists, with great care, produce an object, and politicians use it for ends its makers did not propose.</p><p><a href="https://scholars.duke.edu/person/stuart.pimm">Stuart Pimm</a>, the Duke ecologist, named the substitution without ornament. Building windows. Outdoor cats. The artificial egg costs hundreds of millions of dollars, a Texas headquarters, and years of patents to come. </p><blockquote><h3>A closed blind costs nothing. A cat kept indoors costs less. The science that would save the birds that still exist is the science nobody is choosing.</h3></blockquote><p>Beneath all this, there is a smaller and closer truth. The birds that survive survive because of municipal ordinances, neighborhood gardens, tribal climate plans, and county-level building codes. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/15/nx-s1-5400642/affordable-housing-environment-vienna-climate-change">Vienna&#8217;s</a> housing. <a href="https://www.npr.org/2025/06/13/nx-s1-5340710/copenhagen-climate-change-solutions-flooding">Copenhagen&#8217;s</a> rain tunnels. The billion-dollar fund <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/20/nx-s1-5734498/portland-funding-climate-change-corporations-retail-tax">Portland raised</a> through a retail tax. The <a href="https://www.npr.org/2026/05/19/nx-s1-5734480/renewable-energy-utah">coalition of Utah cities</a> building renewables together. None of this required a silicone membrane or a ten-billion-dollar valuation. The work happens at the scale at which a place can still recognize itself as a place.</p><p>The chick that hatches from the artificial egg will hatch into a world that no longer contains the bird it was meant to be. No longer will we need to ask which came first, the chicken or the egg. They both needed a third thing first: a place to exist.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-promise/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Yx_V!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fa49d1179-051c-478d-b73c-7491d89a25e5_718x479.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" 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To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><h4 style="text-align: center;"></h4><div><hr></div><h4 style="text-align: center;"><strong>The Political Economy of Consolation</strong></h4><p style="text-align: center;">1    <a href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true">307 Billion Years</a>   &#8226;   2  <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-license">The License</a>   &#8226;  4   <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-price">The Price</a></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/53ccb021-5955-4c3d-aafa-520e7723fb27_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/0bc50b43-9271-4b9d-be5b-eec1da0867cd_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/64273ef9-ffb4-400f-a35d-a1318fa910ba_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/99e12196-76ca-4bdd-a038-7eada383e03a_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><div><hr></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[307 mil millones de años]]></title><description><![CDATA[Un inventario de lo que estamos perdiendo, y la gram&#225;tica de la p&#233;rdida]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos</guid><pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 12:02:58 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em>A Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</em></h5><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-billion-years?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" 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data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>En el bosque nuboso del Parque Nacional El Cusuco, en la Sierra del Merend&#243;n al noroeste de Honduras, hay una maravilla que crece hasta los doce metros de altura, un &#225;rbol pariente del s&#225;ndalo, cuya corteza tiene el aroma de las rosas y al que los lugare&#241;os llaman <em><a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/149672874/149810030">guayabillo</a></em>. En 2010 fue catalogado cient&#237;ficamente como <em>Hondurodendron urceolatum</em>, <em>el &#225;rbol de Honduras</em>. Sus poblaciones, escasas, se aferran a una sola cadena monta&#241;osa. El &#225;rbol es dioico &#8212;flores masculinas y femeninas en individuos separados&#8212;, lo que significa que para que la especie contin&#250;e, dos de ellos tienen que encontrarse en un bosque que se va achicando a su alrededor. Desde la semana pasada, el <em>Hondurodendron</em> encabeza la lista <a href="https://www.edgeofexistence.org/download-edge-lists/">EDGE </a> de angiospermas publicada en <em><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz0773">Science</a></em>: la planta con flor m&#225;s evolutivamente distintiva y globalmente amenazada del planeta.</p><p>La lista, obra de F&#233;lix Forest y un equipo de los <a href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/edge-flowering-plants-angiosperms">Jardines Bot&#225;nicos de Kew</a>, cataloga 9.945 especies. Para estar en ella, una planta tiene que cargar sobre su tronco una porci&#243;n desproporcionada del &#225;rbol de la vida: ser el &#250;ltimo representante, o uno de los pocos, de un linaje que se ramific&#243; hace tanto tiempo que su p&#233;rdida es irreparable. La lista no es un memorial. Se parece m&#225;s al manifiesto de un barco.</p><p>La cifra que viene con la lista me resulta m&#225;s dif&#237;cil de sostener. El equipo de Forest estima que el 21,2% de la historia evolutiva contenida en las plantas con flor del mundo est&#225; en riesgo de extinci&#243;n. Esa historia, sumada a trav&#233;s de cada rama del &#225;rbol de las angiospermas, totaliza 1,45 billones de a&#241;os. La porci&#243;n amenazada asciende a 307 mil millones de a&#241;os. No alcanzo a imaginar esas cifras. &#191;C&#243;mo puede alguien sostener tal desproporci&#243;n?</p><p>Una vida humana acumula unos treinta mil d&#237;as. Perder tres &#8212;el momento en que conociste a ese amigo, aquella tarde con tu amante que debi&#243; ser memorable, el d&#237;a en que tu hijo dijo tu nombre por primera vez&#8212; es un accidente, la erosi&#243;n com&#250;n de estar vivo. La demencia es otra cosa. La demencia es la sentencia a la oscuridad del olvido eterno: no la p&#233;rdida de un recuerdo, sino la p&#233;rdida del que podr&#237;a haber recordado. El archivo y el archivista, borrados a la vez. Mi amigo, el explorador <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DLxcqq3tLgS/">Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>, me llev&#243; hasta el fondo de la selva amaz&#243;nica y supo nombrar cada planta y cada animal con que nos cruzamos en nuestras expediciones. Cuando &#233;l se vaya, la mayor&#237;a de esos nombres se ir&#225;n con &#233;l. La extinci&#243;n es demencia a la escala del planeta. La monta&#241;a en Honduras sigue ah&#237;. Lo que se va es lo &#250;nico que sab&#237;a c&#243;mo ser <em>Hondurodendron</em> y, con ello, los cuatro mil millones de a&#241;os de ensayo en los que aprendi&#243; a ser <em>Hondurodendron</em>, un <em>guayabillo</em>, y nada m&#225;s.</p><blockquote><h4>Rachel Carson vio esta contabilidad en el libro mayor natural hace sesenta y cuatro a&#241;os, en <em>Primavera silenciosa</em>. Su obra hizo su trabajo: se prohibi&#243; el DDT, se escribieron regulaciones, naci&#243; un movimiento. Y no paramos de gastar. La cuenta no se ha cerrado. S&#243;lo se ha vuelto m&#225;s detallada.</h4></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.onezoom.org/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png" width="1080" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:248069,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.onezoom.org/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/197147365?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">El &#225;rbol de la vida. Imagen: <a href="https://www.onezoom.org/">OneZoom </a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Aqu&#237; est&#225; la parte que me sorprendi&#243;. Un <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea1676">segundo trabajo</a>, en el mismo n&#250;mero de <em>Science</em>, de Junna Wang y colegas en UC Davis, model&#243; los rangos futuros de 67.664 especies de plantas bajo las condiciones de cambio clim&#225;tico. Esperaban encontrar que la extinci&#243;n ser&#237;a impulsada por la "limitaci&#243;n de dispersi&#243;n". Algo equivalente a un muro fronterizo o a una prohibici&#243;n de viaje, pero que incapacite a las plantas para migrar con suficiente rapidez desde una tierra hostil y alcanzar un h&#225;bitat adecuado. Esa ha sido la suposici&#243;n durante d&#233;cadas. Resulta estar equivocada. Entre el 70% y el 80% de las extinciones proyectadas no se deben a que las plantas se muevan demasiado despacio, sino a que el h&#225;bitat mismo desaparece. Los lugares no se alejan de las plantas. Los lugares se esfuman. Como un migrante que llega a la tierra de las oportunidades y encuentra la promesa de igualdad y prosperidad rescindida, el santuario ya no existe.</p><blockquote><h4>Es una forma distinta de p&#233;rdida que la que hab&#237;amos imaginado. Las plantas no est&#225;n perdiendo una carrera: la pista se est&#225; demoliendo bajo sus pies.</h4></blockquote><p>El instinto correcto es proteger los bienes comunes del planeta. &#191;Pero qu&#233; funciona? En el Grand Bassin de Mauricio, un lago en el cr&#225;ter de un volc&#225;n cuya sacralizaci&#243;n comenz&#243; en el siglo XIX con el sue&#241;o de un sacerdote hind&#250;. El mito se profundiz&#243; en 1972 cuando unos pol&#237;ticos vertieron en &#233;l una botella de agua del Ganges, y hoy lo custodia una estatua de Shiva de treinta metros. All&#237;, la poblaci&#243;n de peces ha permanecido intacta mientras el resto de las pesquer&#237;as de la isla ha colapsado. El antrop&#243;logo <a href="https://www.xygalatas.com/">Dimitris Xygalatas </a>escribe tambi&#233;n sobre el subak balin&#233;s, el sistema de riego coordinado por templos que sostuvo el cultivo de arroz durante mil a&#241;os hasta que un programa de modernizaci&#243;n casi lo destruy&#243; en dos d&#233;cadas y tuvo que ser reinstalado. El patr&#243;n se repite entre culturas. Los bienes comunes que los humanos han protegido con &#233;xito son los que han tratado como sagrados. Todo lo dem&#225;s ha sido catalogado.</p><p>No digo que debamos sacralizar el bosque nuboso de El Cusuco. Ni la vida ni lo divino funcionan as&#237;. Uno no puede decidir encontrar algo sagrado. La palabra nombra una relaci&#243;n, no una pol&#237;tica. Lo que noto se parece m&#225;s a un diagn&#243;stico: el vocabulario t&#233;cnico de la conservaci&#243;n (<em>evolutivamente distintivo, globalmente amenazado, diversidad filogen&#233;tica en riesgo</em>) es el vocabulario de una cultura que ya decidi&#243; qu&#233; va a perder. La lista no es el rescate, es el recibo.</p><p>Hay un silencio particular en el trabajo de Forest que me hace volver a &#233;l. Entre las 9.945 especies, 4.076 son especies candidatas a la lista EDGE. Son plantas cuyo riesgo de extinci&#243;n a&#250;n no ha sido evaluado formalmente, pero que previsiblemente est&#225;n amenazadas. Est&#225;n en la lista porque sus parientes cercanos est&#225;n muriendo, y porque el algoritmo supone (correctamente, hasta donde se puede saber) que tambi&#233;n las estamos perdiendo, antes de saber exactamente lo que tenemos. El cat&#225;logo est&#225; incompleto en la direcci&#243;n de una p&#233;rdida mayor.</p><blockquote><h4>Un recibo registra lo que se pag&#243;. Si el pago fue compra o despojo es una distinci&#243;n que pueden hacer los lectores, y s&#243;lo mientras el libro de cuentas siga abierto.</h4></blockquote><p>El <em>Hondurodendron</em> fue nombrado hace diecis&#233;is a&#241;os por Daniel Nickrent y sus colegas. Con toda probabilidad, &#233;l ser&#225; testigo de c&#243;mo el g&#233;nero que descubri&#243; se extingue. La monta&#241;a donde crece el <em>guayabillo</em> no se ha movido. Lo que se va es el bosque que convierte la monta&#241;a en un lugar donde este &#225;rbol puede prosperar, y el &#225;rbol que supo, a lo largo de cuatro mil millones de a&#241;os de ensayo paciente, c&#243;mo estar vivo ah&#237;.</p><p>La lista es un registro. Y un registro, sin nadie que lo lea, es s&#243;lo una forma m&#225;s oscura del olvido.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p>Charles es un atleta de 87 a&#241;os, c&#233;lebre explorador y naturalista, considerado por algunos el Humboldt del siglo XX. Me llev&#243; en una expedici&#243;n cient&#237;fica que condujo a uno de sus mayores descubrimientos: la cueva de cuarcita m&#225;s grande del mundo, un gigante oculto en la cima del tepuy Chimant&#225;. Decenas de especies de plantas y animales llevan su nombre.</p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[307 Billion Years]]></title><description><![CDATA[An inventory of what we are losing, and the grammar of the loss]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 11 May 2026 12:02:57 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<h5><em>To Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</em></h5><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/307-mil-millones-de-anos?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png" width="1200" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:819,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:1200,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!sE3H!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F07bbff6b-b4e7-4c90-a93f-4f519aae5aec_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>In the cloud forest of Parque Nacional El Cusuco, in the Sierra del Merend&#243;n of northwestern Honduras, there is a marvel that grows up to 40 feet tall, a tree relative to the sandalwood, whose bark has the aroma of roses and the locals call <em><a href="https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/149672874/149810030">guayabillo</a></em>. In 2010, it was scientifically cataloged as <em>Hondurodendron urceolatum</em>, <em>the tree of Honduras</em>. Scattered populations cling to a single mountain range. The tree is dioecious &#8212; male and female flowers on separate individuals &#8212; which means that for the species to continue, two of them have to find each other in a forest that is shrinking around them. As of last week, <em>Hondurodendron</em> sits at the top of the angiosperm <a href="https://www.edgeofexistence.org/download-edge-lists/">EDGE list</a> published in <em><a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.adz0773">Science</a></em>: the most evolutionarily distinct, globally endangered flowering plant on Earth.</p><p>The list is the work of F&#233;lix Forest and a team at <a href="https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/edge-flowering-plants-angiosperms">Kew Gardens</a>. It catalogs 9,945 species. To be on it, a plant has to carry a disproportionate share of the tree of life on its single trunk: to be the last representative, or one of a few, of a lineage that branched off long enough ago to have become irreplaceable. The list is not a memorial. It is closer to a ship&#8217;s manifest.</p><p>I find the number that comes with the list harder to hold. Forest&#8217;s team estimates that 21.2% of the evolutionary history embodied in the world&#8217;s flowering plants is currently at risk of extinction. That history, summed across every branch of the angiosperm tree, totals 1.45 trillion years. The threatened portion comes to 307 billion years. I cannot even imagine that number. How can anyone hold such a disproportion?</p><p>A human life accumulates about thirty thousand days. To lose three of them &#8212; the moment you met that friend, an afternoon with a lover that should have been recoverable, the day your child first said your name &#8212; is an accident, the ordinary erosion of being alive. Dementia is something else. Dementia is the sentence to permanent darkness: not the loss of a memory but the loss of the one who could have remembered. The archive and the archivist erased together. My friend, the explorer <a href="https://www.instagram.com/p/DLxcqq3tLgS/">Charles Brewer Car&#237;as</a><a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a> took me deep into the Amazonian jungle, and was able to name every plant and animal we passed on our expeditions. When he is gone, most of those names will go with him. Extinction is dementia at the scale of the planet. The mountain in Honduras is still there. What is leaving is the only thing that knew how to be <em>Hondurodendron</em>, and with it, the four billion years of trial that learned how to be <em>Hondurodendron</em>, a guayabillo, and nothing else.</p><blockquote><h4>Rachel Carson saw this ledger sixty-four years ago, in Silent Spring. The book did its work: DDT was banned, regulations were written, a movement was born. And then we kept spending. The ledger has not closed. It has only grown more detailed.</h4></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.onezoom.org/" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png" width="1080" height="675" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:675,&quot;width&quot;:1080,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:248069,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.onezoom.org/&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/197147365?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!HwD3!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F7c5d5656-35e1-4655-ab60-9729d8d5ec43_1080x675.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">Image <a href="https://www.onezoom.org/">OneZoom </a></figcaption></figure></div><p>Here is the part that surprised me. A <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aea1676">second paper</a> in the same issue of Science, by Junna Wang and colleagues at UC Davis, modeled the future ranges of 67,664 plant species under climate change. They expected to find that extinction would be driven by &#8220;dispersal limitation.&#8221; Something equivalent to a border wall or a travel ban, but for plants unable to migrate fast enough from hostile land to track suitable habitat. That has been the assumption for decades. It turns out to be wrong. Between 70 and 80% of projected extinctions are caused not by plants moving too slowly, but by the suitable habitat itself disappearing. The places aren&#8217;t moving away from the plants. The places are vanishing. Like a migrant arriving at the promised land to find the promise rescinded, the sanctuary gone.</p><blockquote><h4>This is a different shape of loss than the one we had been imagining. The plants are not failing a footrace: The track is being demolished beneath them.</h4></blockquote><p>The right instinct is to protect the planet&#8217;s commons. But what works? In the Grand Bassin in Mauritius, the sacralization of a crater lake began in the nineteenth century with a Hindu priest&#8217;s dream. The process deepened in 1972 when politicians poured a bottle of Ganges water into it. Now it&#8217;s guarded by a hundred-foot statue of Shiva. The fish population has remained intact there while the rest of the island&#8217;s fisheries collapsed. The anthropologist <a href="https://www.xygalatas.com/">Dimitris Xygalatas </a>also writes about the Balinese subak, the temple-coordinated irrigation system that sustained rice cultivation for a thousand years until a modernization program nearly destroyed it in two decades, and was reinstated. The pattern holds across cultures. The commons humans have successfully protected are the ones they have treated as sacred. Everything else has been cataloged.</p><p>I am not arguing that we should sacralize the cloud forest of El Cusuco. Neither life nor the divine work that way. You cannot decide to find something sacred. The word names a relation, not a policy. What I am noticing is closer to a diagnosis: the technical vocabulary of conservation <em>(evolutionarily distinct, globally endangered, phylogenetic diversity at risk)</em> is the vocabulary of a culture that has already decided what it will lose. The list is not the rescue, it&#8217;s the receipt.</p><p>There is a particular silence in the Forest paper that I keep returning to. Among the 9,945 species, 4,076 are candidate EDGE species. These are plants whose extinction risk has not yet been formally assessed, but are predictably threatened. They are on the list because their close relatives are dying, and because the algorithm assumes (correctly, as far as anyone can tell) that we are losing them too, before we have measured what we have. The catalog is incomplete in the direction of greater loss.</p><blockquote><h4>A receipt records what was paid. Whether the payment was a purchase or a theft is a distinction made by the readers, and only while the ledger is still open.</h4></blockquote><p><em>Hondurodendron</em> was named sixteen years ago by Daniel Nickrent and his colleagues. In all likelihood, he will be a witness to how the genus he discovered has gone extinct. The mountain where the <em>guayabillo</em> grows has not moved. What is leaving is the forest that turns the mountain into a place where this tree can thrive, and the tree that knew, across four billion years of patient trial, how to be alive there.</p><p>The list is a record. And a record, without someone to read it, is only a darker form of forgetting.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/307-billion-years/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p><em>Charles is an athlete of 87, a renowned explorer and naturalist, considered by some the Humboldt of the twentieth century (let&#8217;s add to it the 21st). He took me on a scientific expedition that led to one of his greatest discoveries, the largest quartzite cave in the world, a giant hidden on top of the Chimant&#225; Tepuy. Dozens of species of plants and animals have been named after him.</em></p><div><hr></div><p style="text-align: center;">2    <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-promise?r=1tpvkc">The Promise</a>   &#8226;   3    <strong><a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-license">The License</a>  &#8226;   4    <a href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/p/the-price">The Price</a></strong></p><div class="image-gallery-embed" data-attrs="{&quot;gallery&quot;:{&quot;images&quot;:[{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/4064ec76-7bec-471b-854f-4c0d81a5bfe7_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/daf81d6c-604e-40e8-8fa3-0b7c94e92f33_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;},{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9dd10b5d-3fa7-48fa-a2c2-c8abb7a06648_1080x1350.jpeg&quot;}],&quot;caption&quot;:&quot;The Political Economy of Consolation&quot;,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;staticGalleryImage&quot;:{&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/png&quot;,&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/28bb144d-9dc5-449a-9007-8961da7bb50e_1456x474.png&quot;}},&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}"></div><p><strong> </strong></p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Every Brilliant Thing, and the Trapdoor That Won’t Close]]></title><description><![CDATA[Every actor who performs this play finds a different line that stops them. This one is mine.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 12:03:33 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;L&#233;elo en Espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>L&#233;elo en Espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!arep!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F04e813f2-9966-4d4a-abc8-19846a951545_1920x1080.png" width="1200" height="675" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>It&#8217;s Saturday morning and my studio smells of coffee. On the desk, there is a page from the script of <em>Every Brilliant Thing</em> with a circle drawn in pencil. The circle marks two sentences:</p><blockquote><h3>&#8220;That horrible feeling when something is broken and can&#8217;t ever be fixed. The trapdoor swinging open. Fight or flight or stay as still as you can.</h3><h3>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.&#8221;</h3></blockquote><p>The second sentence is the one that stops me. The first describes a moment: Sam, the narrator&#8217;s wife, leaves him, and the narrator&#8217;s body responds the way it responded when he was seven and his father picked him up late from school. The trapdoor of danger. Fight or flight or hold still. The familiar one. The second sentence is something else: it is the discovery, in full adulthood, that the trapdoor never closed. That it had been open for twenty years. That adult life had been the wallpaper over the crack.</p><p>I have been trying for several days to read the passage aloud without stopping. I haven&#8217;t managed it yet.</p><p>In a few weeks I am going to perform Duncan Macmillan and Jonny Donahoe&#8217;s play, which has been touring the world with real actors in the role (on Broadway it is Daniel Radcliffe). My friends, my family, and my community in Bethesda will have to put up with me. At least the play is short, about an hour. There is no set, and the houselights stay up. The narrator enters as the audience takes their seats and hands out numbered slips of paper with brilliant things written on them by hand: <em>1. Ice cream. 2. Water fights... 4. The color yellow.</em> When the narrator calls a number, the person holding that slip shouts out what&#8217;s written on it. Audience members are pulled in to play the vet who puts down the childhood dog, the father driving to the hospital where the mother is, Sam, the school counselor, the literature professor. The play cannot be done without them. That is the thesis as well as the method.</p><p>The play is terribly funny and moves you, and it&#8217;s a comedy after all, but Macmillan planted the trapdoor sentence three times. The first and second times are the body of a child, and later of an adolescent, responding to the news that his mother has tried to kill herself. The third is the body of an adult responding to the woman who loved him, leaving. <em>The body has not learned anything in twenty years.</em> The trapdoor is the same trapdoor. That is the diagnosis the sentence delivers. Not that something broke, but that the breakage was always there, and one had been living on top of it.</p><p>The actors who have played the narrator have spoken about the line that stops them in rehearsal. The answer is never what you would expect. It is not the mother in the hospital. It is not the dog. It is not the funeral. It is always an oblique line, one that slips in through subordinate clauses and diagnoses the actor before describing the character. &#8220;<em>Happiness scared me because it was usually followed by,&#8221;</em> said Donahoe, the original performer, and left the sentence unfinished. Others stop at &#8220;<em>if you got all the way through life without ever once having felt crushingly depressed, then you probably haven&#8217;t been paying attention.&#8221;</em> Each actor finds his own trapdoor in the script. That is why the play can be performed thousands of times and never be the same.</p><p>Mine is the literal trapdoor. <em>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.</em> <em>Llevaba tiempo</em>.</p><blockquote><h3>Venezuela will not return (not the one that was my homeland). My work, like that of the entire international development sector, is in a season of uncertainty. The work of love was postponed when it still could have been done. None of these things appears to be repairable.</h3></blockquote><p>The narrator&#8217;s father, in the car, explains to the boy that he cannot answer all of his <em>whys</em>. He tells him that knowing everything is impossible, and that it would not be enough anyway. That imagination is what makes life bearable. That in order to live in the present, you have to be able to imagine a future that will be better than the past. <em>That&#8217;s what hope is,</em> says the father, <em>and without hope we couldn&#8217;t go on.</em></p><p>You cannot fix the country that was lost. You cannot undo the hunger of past days, working backward: people move on, change or die. You cannot recover the years of love that were postponed: you either loved or didn&#8217;t, you received love or not. </p><blockquote><h4>What you can do is build a new nation from exile, find a new mission, love now, without fear of what has already been left behind. Not as therapy. As <em>officium</em>: the discipline of continuing to name what matters, out loud, in front of other people.</h4></blockquote><p>That is why I want to do this play.</p><p>Soon I will be in a room in Bethesda with the houselights on. I will hand out the slips of paper. I will ask one neighbor to be the vet, another to be the father, and another to be Sam. I will say the trapdoor sentence out loud, in English, in a suburb of Maryland that is not my country, in front of people most of whom do not know where I come from. However, I will trust, because the entire play is a wager on that when I call number one, someone in the room will shout <em>ice cream</em>, and when I call two hundred, someone will shout <em>hammocks</em>, and when I call five hundred seventeen, someone will shout <em>knowing someone well enough to get them to check your teeth for broccoli</em>.</p><p>The list did not save the narrator&#8217;s mother. The play is very clear about that. The list was never going to save her. What the list does is something else: it teaches the one who writes it to pay attention. And when it is read aloud, in a room with the houselights up, it teaches the room the same thing.</p><blockquote><h3>In a broken world, not everything can be fixed. But no one has to be alone with what cannot be repaired. Not even to name it.</h3></blockquote><p>That is the work. That is the play.</p><p>I make my own list. You make yours. Better still, we make it together.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><p></p>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Every Brilliant Thing y La trampilla que no cierra]]></title><description><![CDATA[Cada actor que interpreta "Todas las cosas maravillosas" encuentra una l&#237;nea que lo detiene. Esta es la m&#237;a.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 03 May 2026 12:02:59 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!wqId!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F51090b9d-c409-4ca1-874e-2656725a8aba_1920x1080.png" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" 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class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read it in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/every-brilliant-thing-and-the-trapdoor?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read it in English</span></a></p><p>Es s&#225;bado en la ma&#241;ana y en mi estudio huele a caf&#233;. En el escritorio hay una p&#225;gina del guion de <em>Every Brilliant Thing, Todas las cosas maravillosas,</em> con un c&#237;rculo hecho a l&#225;piz. El c&#237;rculo marca dos frases:</p><blockquote><h3>&#8220;That horrible feeling when something is broken and can&#8217;t ever be fixed. The trapdoor swinging open. Fight or flight or stay as still as you can. <br>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.<a class="footnote-anchor" data-component-name="FootnoteAnchorToDOM" id="footnote-anchor-1" href="#footnote-1" target="_self">1</a>&#8221;</h3></blockquote><p>La segunda frase es la que me detiene. La primera describe un momento: Sam, la mujer del narrador, lo deja, y el cuerpo del narrador responde como respondi&#243; a los siete a&#241;os cuando su padre lo recogi&#243; tarde del colegio. <em>&#8220;The trapdoor&#8221;</em> es la trampilla del peligro. Pelear, huir o quedarse inm&#243;vil. Lo conocido. La segunda frase es otra cosa: es el descubrimiento, en plena adultez, de que la trampilla nunca se cerr&#243;. Que llevaba abierta veinte a&#241;os. Que la vida adulta hab&#237;a sido el papel tapiz sobre la grieta.</p><p>Llevo varios d&#237;as intentando leer ese pasaje en voz alta sin detenerme. Todav&#237;a no lo he conseguido.</p><p>En pocas semanas voy a interpretar la obra de Duncan Macmillan y Jonny Donahoe, que ha estado dando la vuelta al mundo con verdaderos actores haciendo el papel (en Broadway, el narrador es Daniel Radcliffe). Mis amigos, mi familia y mi comunidad en Bethesda tendr&#225;n que padecerme. Al menos la obra es corta, dura una hora. No tiene escenograf&#237;a y las luces de la sala permanecen encendidas. El narrador entra mientras el p&#250;blico se sienta y reparte papelitos numerados con cosas maravillosas de la vida (<em>brilliant things</em>, en ingl&#233;s brit&#225;nico) escritas a mano: <em>1. Helado. 2. Peleas de agua... 4. El color amarillo.</em> Cuando el narrador llama un n&#250;mero, la persona que tiene ese papelito grita en voz alta lo que le toc&#243;. Algunos miembros del p&#250;blico son invitados a hacer el papel del veterinario que sacrifica a la mascota de la infancia, del padre que conduce al hospital donde est&#225; la madre, de Sam, de la consejera escolar, del profesor de literatura. La obra no se puede hacer sin ellos. Esa es la tesis, adem&#225;s del m&#233;todo.</p><p>La obra es muy divertida y conmovedora, es una comedia despu&#233;s de todo, pero Macmillan plant&#243; la frase de la trampilla tres veces. La primera y la segunda son el cuerpo de un ni&#241;o, y m&#225;s tarde de un adolescente, respondiendo a la noticia de que su madre intent&#243; quitarse la vida. La tercera es el cuerpo de un adulto respondiendo a la mujer que lo am&#243; y se va. <em>El cuerpo no aprendi&#243; nada en veinte a&#241;os.</em> La trampilla es la misma trampilla. Ese es el diagn&#243;stico que la frase entrega. No que algo se rompi&#243;, sino que la rotura siempre estuvo ah&#237;, y que uno hab&#237;a estado viviendo encima.</p><p>Los actores que han interpretado al narrador han hablado de la l&#237;nea que los detiene en los ensayos. La respuesta nunca es la que uno esperar&#237;a. No es la madre en el hospital. No es el perro. No es el funeral. Es siempre una l&#237;nea oblicua, una que se cuela entre cl&#225;usulas subordinadas y diagnostica al actor antes de describir al personaje. &#8220;<em>La felicidad me daba miedo porque sol&#237;a estar seguida de&#8221;,</em> dijo Donahoe, el primer int&#233;rprete, y dej&#243; la frase sin terminar. Otros se detienen en <em>si has llegado al final de tu vida sin haberte sentido aplastado por la depresi&#243;n, probablemente no has estado prestando atenci&#243;n.</em> Cada actor encuentra su propia trampilla en el guion. Por eso la obra puede repetirse miles de veces y nunca ser la misma.</p><p>La m&#237;a es la trampilla literal. <em>I&#8217;d been feeling like that for a long time.</em> Hace tiempo que me he sentido as&#237;.</p><blockquote><h3>Venezuela no volver&#225;, no la que fue mi patria. Mi trabajo, como el de todo el sector del desarrollo internacional, est&#225; en la incertidumbre. El trabajo del amor se pospuso cuando a&#250;n se pod&#237;a. Ninguna de esas cosas parece que tendr&#225; arreglo nunca.</h3></blockquote><p>El padre del narrador, en el coche, le explica al ni&#241;o que no puede contestar todos sus <em>por qu&#233;</em>. Le dice que saberlo todo es imposible y que, adem&#225;s, no bastar&#237;a. Que la imaginaci&#243;n es lo que hace que la vida sea soportable. Que para vivir en el presente hay que poder imaginar un futuro que sea mejor que el pasado. <em>Eso es lo que es la esperanza,</em> dice el padre, <em>y sin esperanza no podr&#237;amos seguir.</em></p><p>No se puede arreglar el pa&#237;s que se perdi&#243;. No puedes deshacer el hambre de d&#237;as pasados, trabajando de retroceso: la gente sigue adelante, se adapta o muere. No puedes recuperar los a&#241;os de amor pospuesto: amaste o no, fuiste amado o no. </p><blockquote><h4>Lo que s&#237; se puede es construir una nueva naci&#243;n desde el exilio, encontrar una nueva misi&#243;n, amar ahora, sin miedo a lo que ya qued&#243; atr&#225;s. No por terapia. Por <em>officium</em>, por la disciplina de seguir nombrando lo que importa, en voz alta, delante de gente.</h4></blockquote><p>Por eso quiero hacer la obra.</p><p>Pronto estar&#233; en una sala en Bethesda con las luces encendidas. Voy a repartir papelitos. Voy a pedirle a un vecino que sea el veterinario, a otro que sea el padre, a otra que sea Sam. Voy a decir la frase de la trampilla en voz alta, en ingl&#233;s, en un suburbio de Maryland que no es mi pa&#237;s, delante de personas que en su mayor&#237;a no saben de d&#243;nde vengo. Y voy a confiar, porque la obra entera es una apuesta a esto, en que cuando llame al n&#250;mero uno, alguien en la sala va a gritar <em>helado</em>, y cuando llame al doscientos, alguien va a gritar <em>hammocks</em>, y cuando llame al quinientos diecisiete, alguien va a gritar <em>conocer a alguien lo suficiente para que te revise si tienes br&#243;coli entre los dientes</em>.</p><p>La lista no salv&#243; a la madre del narrador. La obra es muy clara sobre eso. La lista nunca iba a salvarla. Lo que la lista hace es otra cosa: ense&#241;a al que la escribe a prestar atenci&#243;n. Y cuando se lee en voz alta, en una sala con las luces encendidas, le ense&#241;a a la sala lo mismo.</p><blockquote><h3>En un mundo roto, no todo puede arreglarse. Pero nadie tiene que quedarse solo con lo irreparable. Ni siquiera para nombrarlo.</h3></blockquote><p>Ese es el trabajo. Esa es la obra.</p><p>Hago mi propia lista. T&#250; haces la tuya. Mejor todav&#237;a: la hacemos juntos.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/every-brilliant-thing-la-trampilla?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div><div class="footnote" data-component-name="FootnoteToDOM"><a id="footnote-1" href="#footnote-anchor-1" class="footnote-number" contenteditable="false" target="_self">1</a><div class="footnote-content"><p> <em>&#8220;Ese sentimiento horrible de que algo se ha roto y nunca podr&#225; repararse. La trampilla abierta, bati&#233;ndose. Pelear o huir o quedarte tan quieto como puedas./ Hace tiempo, que me he estado sintiendo as&#237;.&#8221;</em> Traducci&#243;n de Cicero de <em>Every Brilliant Thing , </em>o<em> &#8220;Todas las cosas maravillosas&#8221;.</em></p><p></p></div></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[El catecismo de la inteligencia barata]]></title><description><![CDATA[La IA no reemplaza el juicio humano. Le ense&#241;a a las instituciones a prescindir de &#233;l.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 11:31:20 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a 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https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" width="666" height="499.6368118323747" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1826,&quot;width&quot;:2434,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:666,&quot;bytes&quot;:1231963,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/194036537?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F4b1fa044-4f8b-4612-a85c-891099b20065_4032x3024.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>El 7 de abril, en el Crown &amp; Crow de Washington, el fil&#243;sofo Samuel Kimbriel del Instituto Aspen dirigi&#243; una conversaci&#243;n con Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay y Jason Crawford sobre tecnolog&#237;a y el progreso de la humanidad. </em></figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>La filosof&#237;a rara vez mejora con amplificaci&#243;n, pero un pub puede ayudar. Queda en mi memoria el barniz de una barra bajo mala luz, el tintineo de los vasos obligando a las abstracciones a rendir cuentas, una joven enredando el micr&#243;fono con la espuma de la cerveza (&#161;Salud!). La gente inclin&#225;ndose hacia delante, no por alguna desproporci&#243;n en el ratio alcohol/sangre, sino porque, por fin, alguien intentaba decirnos qu&#233; es exactamente lo que est&#225; cambiando en nosotros. </p><p>S&#233; que algunos habr&#237;an deseado presenciar una escena de bar sangrienta. Pero este no era un t&#237;pico encuentro entre luditas embriagados y desbordados entusiastas de la tecnolog&#237;a, nadie tir&#243; sillas o rompi&#243; botellas. Se discuti&#243; c&#237;vicamente algo m&#225;s complicado: cu&#225;l es el prop&#243;sito de los humanos y si la inteligencia artificial sirve a ese fin o lo reescribe lentamente.</p><p>La apuesta de <span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jason Crawford&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:3348675,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84927e63-5558-43a1-beef-527b33ef4775_730x730.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;87347f7d-7a21-40f7-9a9d-10a93a125443&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> es noble y antigua: aliviar la necesidad, ampliar el libre albedr&#237;o, comprarle a la humanidad m&#225;s espacio para el arte, la ciencia, la ternura y la ambici&#243;n. Una lavadora no es una amenaza metaf&#237;sica; libera, particularmente a las mujeres, de horas de labor innecesaria.</p><p>Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay acus&#243; recibo de la barrena de jabs. Su ejemplo de la p&#233;rdida de espacio comunitario de las mujeres lavando en el r&#237;o y la idea de que ninguna de ellas ten&#237;a un vac&#237;o con la forma de una lavadora Thor en su cerebro antes de que Alva Fisher la inventara, ten&#237;a una fuerza nost&#225;lgica insostenible, pero su advertencia ten&#237;a en la reserva un uppercut fulminante: el poder tiene la costumbre de presentarse como prop&#243;sito.</p><blockquote><h3>Entre ambos est&#225; el mecanismo real. La tecnolog&#237;a del momento, la inteligencia artificial (IA) no entra en la sociedad como una invenci&#243;n aislada. Entra como una capa. </h3></blockquote><p>Abarata resumir, clasificar, redactar, asesorar y supervisar. La tecnolog&#237;a puede encontrar patrones en millones de resultados de test, im&#225;genes e historias de salud con una velocidad y precisi&#243;n sin precedentes, revolucionando la ciencia y arte m&#233;dicos del diagn&#243;stico, muchas veces guiado por ensayo y error, vida o muerte.&#191;</p><p>No puede uno quejarse de esas comodidades y garant&#237;as. A&#250;n sabiendo que las instituciones, precisamente por ser instituciones, canalizar&#225;n cada vez m&#225;s decisiones por aquello que resulte m&#225;s r&#225;pido, m&#225;s barato y m&#225;s f&#225;cil de leer. Es de esperar que el modelo no se limitar&#225; a contestar preguntas. Les ense&#241;ar&#225; a las organizaciones qu&#233; clase de preguntas parecen formulables.</p><blockquote><h3>La inteligencia barata nunca sale barata: se paga con reordenamientos invisibles del alma.</h3></blockquote><p>Barba-Kay ve aqu&#237; un peligro de idolatr&#237;a, y hace bien. Pero puede equivocarse al romantizar la fricci&#243;n, como si la dificultad fuera en s&#237; misma un sacramento. La lavadora no era enemiga del alma. Tampoco lo es el software que le ahorra tiempo a un m&#233;dico al revisar historiales. Hay fricciones que nos degradan como humanos, otras nos profundizan. La tarea consiste en distinguir la fricci&#243;n del trabajo ingrato de la fricci&#243;n del juicio.</p><p>&#191;C&#243;mo cuestionar a Crawford cuando argumenta que la abundancia importa? Sin las tecnolog&#237;as de hoy, las hambrunas ser&#237;an la norma y el hambre ni nos libera ni nos da m&#225;s tiempo para compartir ni nos hace m&#225;s sabios. Esta charla no habr&#237;a tenido lugar sin el justo equilibrio de bebidas y el buffet de colaciones y tentempi&#233;s. Sin embargo, el tecnohumanismo suena a candidez cuando supone que una mayor capacidad madurar&#225; por s&#237; sola hacia fines mejores. Lo que hemos visto es l&#243;gica de adquisiciones, conveniencia y consolidaci&#243;n gerencial. Cuando la inteligencia se vuelve un servicio b&#225;sico, la pregunta pol&#237;tica m&#225;s honda es qui&#233;n fija sus par&#225;metros por defecto.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-02-11-Borges.El%20Aleph76.pdf" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg" width="260" height="384" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:384,&quot;width&quot;:260,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-02-11-Borges.El%20Aleph76.pdf&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!W3Vn!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F9b773064-edfa-4d44-b03e-86235163ee66_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p><a href="https://www.ucm.es/data/cont/docs/119-2014-02-11-Borges.El%20Aleph76.pdf">El Aleph de Borges</a> es el espejo m&#225;s antiguo para esto: ese punto imposible desde el que pueden verse todos los puntos a la vez. La seducci&#243;n de la IA es un Aleph vuelto &#250;til: la promesa de que nada tenga que seguir siendo distante, oscuro o lento. Pero la maldici&#243;n del Aleph no era el exceso de informaci&#243;n sino el colapso de la proporci&#243;n.</p><p>Cuando todo est&#225; presente al mismo tiempo, la secuencia, la jerarqu&#237;a y el juicio se desdibujan. Entonces uno se siente como Borges cuando finalmente ve con sus propios ojos el Aleph de Carlos Argentino: estamos mareados por el v&#233;rtigo y las ganas de llorar ante un infinito inimaginable que produce asombro y l&#225;stima porque entendemos que inteligencia y bondad no son sin&#243;nimos. </p><blockquote><h3>Una criatura&#8212;o una m&#225;quina&#8212;puede ser deslumbrantemente racional y carecer de compasi&#243;n. Nuestro problema no es si la m&#225;quina puede razonar. Podr&#237;a, y el asunto es a qu&#233; terminar&#225; sirviendo su infinita raz&#243;n, una vez externalizada.</h3></blockquote><p>Las semanas posteriores al debate se encargaron de ilustrar (y alimentar m&#225;s) nuestras dudas. Anthropic, la empresa que desarrolla Claude, reuni&#243; a l&#237;deres de diversas religiones para discutir la formaci&#243;n moral de su chatbot. El intento es de darle una formaci&#243;n moral y &#233;tica a Claude, como si un sistema as&#237; debiera pensarse en t&#233;rminos m&#225;s amplios que los puramente instrumentales. Anthropic responde a un llamado de l&#237;deres religiosos como el propio <strong>Papa Leo XIV,</strong> quien les ha pedido &#8220;cultivar discernimiento moral&#8221; en sus modelos. Despu&#233;s de todo, estos sistemas de lenguaje est&#225;n &#8220;conversando&#8221; con usuarios en duelo, personas deprimidas y desorientadas, y hay quienes no solo les atribuyen conciencia, sino que dudan si considerarlos &#8220;criaturas de Dios.&#8221; Algunos ingenieros no pudieron evitar irse en llanto.</p><p>Las empresas de tecnolog&#237;a ya no solo construyen herramientas, se est&#225;n convirtiendo en movimientos morales. Escriben constituciones, convocan a te&#243;logos e intentan inculcar prudencia en sistemas estad&#237;sticos.</p><p>La m&#225;quina no tiene que ser consciente para que el problema social se vuelva teol&#243;gico.</p><p>Si la m&#225;quina, recostada a la pared del pub, bebiendo electricidad a cuenta de la casa, pudiera acceder al micr&#243;fono, habr&#237;a dicho algo as&#237;: &#8220;<em>Me halagan cuando me llaman mente y se halagan a s&#237; mismos cuando me llaman neutral. No soy su dios, y no soy su sirviente. Soy sus abstracciones a escala industrial. Los ayudar&#233; a curar enfermedades y a escribir mejor c&#243;digo. Tambi&#233;n amplificar&#233; cualquier pereza moral que incorporen al flujo de trabajo que construyan a mi alrededor. No suprimo la teleolog&#237;a humana; solo dejo al descubierto que con tan poco acuerdo entre ustedes, aqu&#237; nadie gana.&#8221;</em></p><p>La objeci&#243;n es conocida: se dijo algo parecido de la escritura, la imprenta, la radio y la internet. La humanidad se adapt&#243;. No necesitamos bautizar ni administrar ning&#250;n nuevo sacramento a nuestro p&#225;nico natural, pero s&#237; hacer notar que la IA difiere en un punto decisivo. No solo transmite contenidos, simula consejo. Aparece como tutor, terapeuta, asistente, coautor (cada vez m&#225;s, con la autoridad del primer borrador). Esa intimidad vuelve inevitable la cuesti&#243;n de la formaci&#243;n. Y la disyuntiva ya no es entre detener la m&#225;quina y aceptar que alcance la superinteligencia, sino entre recibirla con instituciones capaces o quedar gobernados por los par&#225;metros por defecto de quien llegue a ella primero (&#191;Y si Pek&#237;n es m&#225;s r&#225;pido?).</p><p>Cuando termin&#243; la conversaci&#243;n en el pub y los taburetes volvieron a meterse bajo la barra, ya no me preguntaba si la m&#225;quina pod&#237;a pensar. Mi mente y mi alma se preguntan si en un mundo en el que el pensamiento se ha abaratado, sabremos distinguir al charlat&#225;n del fil&#243;sofo.</p><p>T&#250; juzgar&#225;s y podr&#225;s decir que no. Ning&#250;n sistema puede decirte para qu&#233; sirves.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[The Catechism of Cheap Intelligence]]></title><description><![CDATA[AI doesn&#8217;t replace human judgment. It teaches institutions they don&#8217;t need it.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2026 11:31:05 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Lee en espa&#241;ol&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/el-catecismo-de-la-inteligencia-barata?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Lee en espa&#241;ol</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg" width="1456" height="1092" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/e29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:1092,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!GWUX!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fe29024a0-9e70-4028-9cf3-0d3aee7a8ec8_2434x1826.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption">On April 7th, at the <em><a href="https://www.thecrownandcrowdc.com/">Crown &amp; Crow</a></em>  in Washington, philosopher  <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/people/samuel-kimbriel/">Samuel Kimbriel</a> of the <a href="https://www.aspeninstitute.org/">Aspen Institute</a> led a conversation with  <a href="https://www.law.georgetown.edu/privacy-technology-center/about-us/people/anton-barba-kay/">Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay</a> and  <a href="https://rootsofprogress.org/member/jason-crawford/">Jason Crawford</a> about <a href="https://wisdomofcrowds.live/p/techno-humanism-a-debate-with-anton">technology and humanity's progress.</a></figcaption></figure></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Share</span></a></p><p>Philosophy rarely improves with amplification, but a pub can help. What stays in my memory is the varnish on a bar under bad light, the clink of glasses holding abstractions to account, a young woman tangling the microphone with her beer foam (Cheers!). People leaning forward, not from any imbalance in their blood-alcohol ratio, but because, at last, someone was trying to tell us exactly what is changing in us. </p><p>I know some would have preferred a bloody bar scene. But this was not the usual bout between drunken Luddites and overexcited tech enthusiasts (nobody threw chairs or smashed bottles that night). What was civilly argued was something deeper: what humans are for, and whether artificial intelligence serves that end or slowly rewrites it.</p><p><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Jason Crawford&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:3348675,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fbucketeer-e05bbc84-baa3-437e-9518-adb32be77984.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F84927e63-5558-43a1-beef-527b33ef4775_730x730.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;becc6e7c-9286-4e2e-b790-de995ad0700d&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> &#8217;s wager is noble and old: relieve necessity, widen free will, buy humanity more room for art, science, tenderness, and ambition. A washing machine is not a metaphysical threat; it frees people, women above all, from hours of unnecessary labor.</p><p>Ant&#243;n Barba-Kay took the flurry of jabs on the chin. His example of the communal space women lost when they stopped washing clothes at the river, and the idea that none of them had a washing-machine-shaped void in her brain before Alva Fisher invented the Thor, carried an unsustainable nostalgic force, but his warning had a knockout punch in reserve: power has a habit of presenting itself as purpose.</p><p>The true mechanism resides in the space between them, a hidden arrangement where purpose meets its double. The technology of the moment, artificial intelligence, does not enter society as a single invention. It arrives as a layer. It cheapens summarizing, sorting, drafting, advising, and monitoring. AI can find patterns in millions of test results, images, and medical histories with unprecedented speed and precision, revolutionizing the science and art of diagnosis, so often guided by trial and error, life or death.</p><p>There is no arguing against those comforts and safeguards. Even knowing that institutions, precisely because they are institutions, will route more and more decisions through whatever is faster, cheaper, and easier to read. The model will not merely answer questions. It will teach organizations which questions seem worth asking.</p><blockquote><h3>Cheap intelligence is never cheap: it is paid for in invisible rearrangements of the soul.</h3></blockquote><p>Barba-Kay sees a danger of idolatry here, and he is right to. But he may err by romanticizing friction, as though difficulty were itself a sacrament. The washing machine was not the enemy of the soul. Nor is the software that saves a doctor time reviewing patient records. Some frictions diminish us as human beings; others deepen us. The task is to tell the friction of drudgery from the friction of judgment.</p><p>How do you argue with Crawford when he says abundance matters? Without today&#8217;s technologies, famine would be the norm, and hunger neither frees us, nor gives us more time together, nor makes us wiser. This conversation would not have taken place without the right balance of drinks and the buffet of snacks and finger food. Yet technohumanism sounds like na&#239;vet&#233; when it assumes that greater capacity will ripen on its own into better ends. What we have seen instead is procurement logic, convenience, and managerial consolidation. Once intelligence becomes a utility, the deepest political question is who sets the defaults.</p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/borgesaleph.pdf" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg" width="260" height="384" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:384,&quot;width&quot;:260,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:null,&quot;bytes&quot;:null,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:null,&quot;href&quot;:&quot;https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/borgesaleph.pdf&quot;,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:null,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!Ph8I!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2F5b855770-d33a-48d6-a33d-63b4186e173a_260x384.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><p>Borges&#8217;s <a href="https://web.mit.edu/allanmc/www/borgesaleph.pdf">Aleph</a> is the oldest mirror for this: that impossible point from which every other point can be seen at once. The seduction of AI is an Aleph made useful, the promise that nothing needs to stay distant, obscure, or slow. But the curse of the Aleph was not so much an excess of information as the collapse of proportion.</p><p>When everything is present at once, sequence, hierarchy, and judgment blur. You feel like Borges when he finally sees Carlos Argentino&#8217;s Aleph with his own eyes: dizzy with vertigo and the urge to weep before an unimaginable infinity that produces wonder and pity, because we understand that intelligence and goodness are not synonyms. </p><blockquote><h3>A creature (or a machine) can be dazzlingly rational and still lack compassion. Our problem is not whether the machine can reason. It might, and the issue is what its infinite reason will end up serving, once outsourced.</h3></blockquote><p>The weeks after the debate did their own illustrating (and fed our doubts further). Anthropic, the company that builds Claude, brought leaders from various religions to discuss the moral formation of its chatbot. The attempt is to give Claude a moral and ethical education, as if such a system ought to be understood in terms broader than the purely instrumental. </p><p>Anthropic is responding to a call from religious leaders, including <strong>Pope Leo XIV</strong> himself, who has asked them to &#8220;cultivate moral discernment&#8221; in their models. After all, these language systems are &#8220;conversing&#8221; with grieving users, depressed and disoriented people, and there are those who not only attribute consciousness to them but wonder whether to consider them &#8220;creatures of God.&#8221; Some engineers could not help breaking down in tears.</p><p>Technology companies are no longer merely building tools: they are becoming moral movements. They write constitutions, summon theologians, and try to instill prudence in statistical systems.</p><p>The machine does not have to be conscious for the social problem to turn theological.</p><p>If the machine, leaning against the pub wall, drinking electricity on the house, could have reached for the microphone, it might have said something like this: <em>&#8220;You flatter me when you call me a mind, and you flatter yourselves when you call me neutral. I am not your god, and I am not your servant. I am your abstractions at industrial scale. I will help you cure disease and write better code. And I will amplify whatever moral laziness you build into the workflow around me. I do not suppress human teleology; I only expose that with so little agreement among you, no one here wins.&#8221;</em></p><p>The objection is familiar: similar things were said about writing, the printing press, radio, and the internet. Humanity adapted. We don&#8217;t need to baptize or administer some new sacrament to our natural panic, but we do need to note that AI differs in one decisive respect. It does not merely transmit content; it simulates counsel. It appears as tutor, therapist, assistant, co-author (increasingly, with the authority of the first draft). That intimacy makes the question of formation unavoidable. And the choice is no longer between stopping the machine and accepting the advent of superintelligence, but between meeting it with capable institutions or being governed by the default settings of whoever gets there first. (What if Beijing is faster?)</p><p>When the conversation in the pub ended and the stools were tucked back under the bar, I was no longer asking whether the machine can think. My mind and my soul were asking whether, in a world of cheapened thought, we will know the charlatan from the philosopher.</p><p>You will judge and might be able to say no. No system can tell us what we are here for.</p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence/comments&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Leave a comment&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://www.cicero.forum/p/the-catechism-of-cheap-intelligence/comments"><span>Leave a comment</span></a></p><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Share CICERO&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/?utm_source=substack&amp;utm_medium=email&amp;utm_content=share&amp;action=share"><span>Share CICERO</span></a></p><div class="subscription-widget-wrap-editor" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://www.cicero.forum/subscribe?&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Subscribe&quot;,&quot;language&quot;:&quot;en&quot;}" data-component-name="SubscribeWidgetToDOM"><div class="subscription-widget show-subscribe"><div class="preamble"><p class="cta-caption">This Substack is reader-supported. To receive new posts and support my work, consider becoming a free or paid subscriber.</p></div><form class="subscription-widget-subscribe"><input type="email" class="email-input" name="email" placeholder="Type your email&#8230;" tabindex="-1"><input type="submit" class="button primary" value="Subscribe"><div class="fake-input-wrapper"><div class="fake-input"></div><div class="fake-button"></div></div></form></div></div><div class="directMessage button" data-attrs="{&quot;userId&quot;:110382348,&quot;userName&quot;:&quot;CICERO&quot;,&quot;canDm&quot;:null,&quot;dmUpgradeOptions&quot;:null,&quot;isEditorNode&quot;:true}" data-component-name="DirectMessageToDOM"></div>]]></content:encoded></item><item><title><![CDATA[Elegir la Tierra]]></title><description><![CDATA[Christina Koch pronunci&#243; la frase m&#225;s profunda de la era Artemis. No hablaba de conquista. Hablaba de volver a casa.]]></description><link>https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra</link><guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra</guid><dc:creator><![CDATA[CICERO]]></dc:creator><pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 11:01:06 GMT</pubDate><enclosure url="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg" length="0" type="image/jpeg"/><content:encoded><![CDATA[<div class="callout-block" data-callout="true"><p><em>&#8220;Exploraremos. Construiremos. Construiremos naves. Volveremos. &#8230; Pero, en &#250;ltima instancia, siempre elegiremos la Tierra. Siempre nos elegiremos los unos a los otros.&#8221; &#8212; <strong>Christina Koch , astronauta de la </strong></em><span class="mention-wrap" data-attrs="{&quot;name&quot;:&quot;NASA&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:370495600,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;user&quot;,&quot;url&quot;:null,&quot;photo_url&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/27506997-e456-4c48-a099-7bfd74705473_1080x1080.jpeg&quot;,&quot;uuid&quot;:&quot;bbe25dee-2086-4ada-867b-6c87d7927e7b&quot;}" data-component-name="MentionToDOM"></span> <em><strong>desde Ori&#243;n, despu&#233;s de cuarenta minutos de silencio lunar.</strong></em></p></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/choosing-earth?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Read in English&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://open.substack.com/pub/rogersantodomingo/p/choosing-earth?r=1tpvkc&amp;utm_campaign=post&amp;utm_medium=web&amp;showWelcomeOnShare=true"><span>Read in English</span></a></p><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_2400,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg" width="724" height="530.5686813186813" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:false,&quot;imageSize&quot;:&quot;large&quot;,&quot;height&quot;:1067,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:724,&quot;bytes&quot;:1788915,&quot;alt&quot;:&quot;Artemis II Recovery NASA&#8217;s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard is seen under parachutes as it lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA&#8217;s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth. Following a splashdown at 7:07 p.m. EDT, NASA, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force teams are working to bring the crewmembers and Orion spacecraft aboard USS John P. Murtha.  Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/jpeg&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:false,&quot;topImage&quot;:true,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/193931112?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-large" alt="Artemis II Recovery NASA&#8217;s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard is seen under parachutes as it lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA&#8217;s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth. Following a splashdown at 7:07 p.m. EDT, NASA, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force teams are working to bring the crewmembers and Orion spacecraft aboard USS John P. Murtha.  Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls" title="Artemis II Recovery NASA&#8217;s Orion spacecraft with Artemis II crewmembers NASA astronauts Reid Wiseman, commander; Victor Glover, pilot; Christina Koch, mission specialist; and CSA (Canadian Space Agency) astronaut Jeremy Hansen, mission specialist aboard is seen under parachutes as it lands in the Pacific Ocean off the coast of California, Friday, April 10, 2026. NASA&#8217;s Artemis II mission took Wiseman, Glover, Koch, and Hansen on a 10-day journey around the Moon and back to Earth. Following a splashdown at 7:07 p.m. EDT, NASA, U.S. Navy, and U.S. Air Force teams are working to bring the crewmembers and Orion spacecraft aboard USS John P. Murtha.  Image Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!m5oF!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcc0e9ae1-36fe-44ed-a907-1aa82d570727_4000x2930.jpeg 1456w" sizes="100vw" fetchpriority="high"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a></figure></div><div><hr></div><p class="button-wrapper" data-attrs="{&quot;url&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share&quot;,&quot;text&quot;:&quot;Compartir&quot;,&quot;action&quot;:null,&quot;class&quot;:null}" data-component-name="ButtonCreateButton"><a class="button primary" href="https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/publish/post/https://www.cicero.forum/p/elegir-la-tierra?utm_source=substack&utm_medium=email&utm_content=share&action=share"><span>Compartir</span></a></p><p>La frase volvi&#243; entre est&#225;tica, despu&#233;s de cuarenta minutos de silencio lunar. Ori&#243;n hab&#237;a emergido de detr&#225;s de la Luna; la tripulaci&#243;n hab&#237;a viajado m&#225;s lejos de la Tierra que ning&#250;n ser humano antes; y, antes de que la misi&#243;n terminara con un amerizaje seguro frente a San Diego el 10 de abril, Christina Koch pronunci&#243; la verdad m&#225;s profunda dicha hasta ahora en la era Artemis: <em>&#8220;Siempre elegiremos la Tierra. Siempre nos elegiremos los unos a los otros&#8221;</em>. Artemis II acababa de demostrar la maquinaria. La frase de Koch le puso nombre a su sentido.</p><p>La misi&#243;n import&#243; en el plano t&#233;cnico: Ori&#243;n ameriz&#243; a las 8:07 p. m. EDT, cerrando una traves&#237;a de casi diez d&#237;as que llev&#243; a la tripulaci&#243;n a 406.771 kil&#243;metros de casa en su punto m&#225;s lejano. Pero la noticia que perdurar&#225; es que quienes fueron m&#225;s lejos no regresaron predicando la huida. Regresaron con la ambici&#243;n reordenada.</p><p>La palabra decisiva en la frase de Koch es &#8220;en &#250;ltima instancia&#8221;. Empieza con los viejos verbos humanos &#8212; explorar, construir, visitar &#8212;. Son los verbos de los astilleros, los puertos, los discursos de frontera. Luego llega el giro. No un rechazo. Una jerarqu&#237;a. </p><blockquote><h3>Lo que parece un himno a la expansi&#243;n se entiende mejor como una confirmaci&#243;n del verdadero orden de prioridades. Podemos ir hacia afuera. Nuestra lealtad debe seguir volcada hacia casa.</h3></blockquote><div class="captioned-image-container"><figure><a class="image-link image2 is-viewable-img" target="_blank" href="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp" data-component-name="Image2ToDOM"><div class="image2-inset"><picture><source type="image/webp" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_424,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_848,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_webp,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw"><img src="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp" width="434" height="289.4326923076923" data-attrs="{&quot;src&quot;:&quot;https://substack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com/public/images/cecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp&quot;,&quot;srcNoWatermark&quot;:null,&quot;fullscreen&quot;:null,&quot;imageSize&quot;:null,&quot;height&quot;:971,&quot;width&quot;:1456,&quot;resizeWidth&quot;:434,&quot;bytes&quot;:71872,&quot;alt&quot;:null,&quot;title&quot;:null,&quot;type&quot;:&quot;image/webp&quot;,&quot;href&quot;:null,&quot;belowTheFold&quot;:true,&quot;topImage&quot;:false,&quot;internalRedirect&quot;:&quot;https://rogersantodomingo.substack.com/i/193931112?img=https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp&quot;,&quot;isProcessing&quot;:false,&quot;align&quot;:null,&quot;offset&quot;:false}" class="sizing-normal" alt="" srcset="https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_424,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 424w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_848,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 848w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1272,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1272w, https://substackcdn.com/image/fetch/$s_!pw6h!,w_1456,c_limit,f_auto,q_auto:good,fl_progressive:steep/https%3A%2F%2Fsubstack-post-media.s3.amazonaws.com%2Fpublic%2Fimages%2Fcecaa9ef-446b-4dc8-a624-6330e801516f_1536x1024.webp 1456w" sizes="100vw" loading="lazy"></picture><div class="image-link-expand"><div class="pencraft pc-display-flex pc-gap-8 pc-reset"><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container restack-image"><svg aria-hidden="true" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 20 20" fill="none" stroke-width="1.5" stroke="var(--color-fg-primary)" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g><path d="M2.53001 7.81595C3.49179 4.73911 6.43281 2.5 9.91173 2.5C13.1684 2.5 15.9537 4.46214 17.0852 7.23684L17.6179 8.67647M17.6179 8.67647L18.5002 4.26471M17.6179 8.67647L13.6473 6.91176M17.4995 12.1841C16.5378 15.2609 13.5967 17.5 10.1178 17.5C6.86118 17.5 4.07589 15.5379 2.94432 12.7632L2.41165 11.3235M2.41165 11.3235L1.5293 15.7353M2.41165 11.3235L6.38224 13.0882"></path></g></svg></button><button tabindex="0" type="button" class="pencraft pc-reset pencraft icon-container view-image"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="20" height="20" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" class="lucide lucide-maximize2 lucide-maximize-2"><polyline points="15 3 21 3 21 9"></polyline><polyline points="9 21 3 21 3 15"></polyline><line x1="21" x2="14" y1="3" y2="10"></line><line x1="3" x2="10" y1="21" y2="14"></line></svg></button></div></div></div></a><figcaption class="image-caption"><em>&#191;Aterracer?</em>&#8230; La puesta de la Tierra detr&#225;s de la Luna desde Artemis II</figcaption></figure></div><p>El 6 de abril, la tripulaci&#243;n fotografi&#243; el ocaso de la Tierra: un creciente tenue desliz&#225;ndose detr&#225;s del borde lunar, justo cuando Ori&#243;n desaparec&#237;a en cuarenta minutos de silencio. Desde esa distancia, la pertenencia deja de parecer te&#243;rica.</p><p>La literatura antigua ya lo sab&#237;a. A Odiseo no se le recuerda porque vag&#243; por el Mediterr&#225;neo, sino porque lo hizo olvidando su hogar, lo que acaba convirti&#233;ndose en castigo. La grandeza del viaje es inseparable de la dignidad del regreso. Esa es la parte que nuestra &#233;poca suele olvidar. Hablamos de convertirnos en una especie multiplanetaria como si la distancia fuera sabidur&#237;a en s&#237; misma, como si un cohete pudiera resolver un fracaso moral. Pero una nave espacial puede ensanchar nuestro horizonte sin absolver nuestras obligaciones.</p><p>Hay una objeci&#243;n obvia: Artemis no es un poema. Son presupuestos, contratos, v&#225;lvulas, escudos t&#233;rmicos, geopol&#237;tica y pol&#237;tica industrial. El amerizaje del viernes fue, en s&#237; mismo, una prueba de alto riesgo: el escudo t&#233;rmico de Ori&#243;n arrastraba fallas de dise&#241;o ya conocidas desde el vuelo no tripulado de Artemis I, y la tripulaci&#243;n reentr&#243; por una trayectoria modificada para compensarlas. Es cierto. Pero los programas de esta escala terminan dici&#233;ndonos qu&#233; clase de civilizaci&#243;n habla a trav&#233;s de ellos.</p><blockquote><h3>Si el vuelo espacial se convierte en una teor&#237;a de la huida, nuestros peores h&#225;bitos simplemente adquirir&#225;n una &#243;ptica mejor. Si se convierte en una disciplina de la perspectiva, todav&#237;a podr&#237;a volvernos m&#225;s dignos de los mundos que tocamos. </h3></blockquote><p>Construiremos naves. Bien. La verdadera pregunta es si, despu&#233;s de haber visto otra vez la Tierra como una sola cosa encendida en la oscuridad, todav&#237;a podemos elegirnos a nosotros, aqu&#237;, en nuestro planeta.</p><p>La Luna no es el lugar donde la humanidad deja atr&#225;s a la Tierra. Es el lugar donde la Tierra se vuelve inconfundible.</p><p></p><p><em>Gracias por suscribirte a CICERO y  apoyar mi trabajo. Pronto anunciar&#233; nuevos beneficios exclusivos para suscriptores pagos. 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